Ngenxa yamaqabunga amancane, acebile ngamavithamini nangamaminerali, ukuthandwa kwesipinashi kukhule isikhathi eside futhi ngokuqinile emhlabeni jikelele. Kunzima ukuthola isitshalo esisebenza ngokulinganayo futhi esingabekezeleli njengesipinashi, ukulima nokunakekela endaweni evulekile lapho sikwazi ukuhlalisa khona futhi siqale izakhamuzi zasehlobo.
Isipinashi ingeyokuqala kokuvuthwa kwezitshalo zemifino. Kusuka esikhathini sokuhlwanyelwa ekuqoqweni kweqoqo lokuqala lamaqabunga, kudlula izinsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingu-40. Ngaso leso sikhathi, lesi sitshalo siyakubekezelela kahle ukubanda, akudingi ukunakekelwa okubuhlungu. Akumangazi ukuthi ngesikhathi efudumele ezifundeni eziningi zezwe awukwazi ukuthola isilimo esisodwa kodwa ezimbalwa. Le ndawo yesitshalo isetshenziswa bobabili ngabahlali basehlobo kanye namabhizinisi amakhulu ezitshalo.
Kodwa-ke, lapho ukwazi kahle ukutshala isipinashi enkundleni evulekile, kufanele wazi ukuthi lesi yisitshalo sosuku olufushane. Lapho ubude bokukhanya bosuku budlula amahora ayi-14, isipinashi siyayeka ukukhulisa amaqabunga, futhi senze i-peduncle. Izitshalo ezinjalo azisasetshenziswa ekudleni.
Ukuze uzitholele wena nabathandekayo bakho ngemifino enempilo futhi emnandi isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, udinga ukukhetha izinhlobo ezingamelana kakhulu nezimbali nesipinashi sesitshalo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kanye nokusuka engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi isivuno sekwindla.
Ukutshala nokunakekela isipinashi enkundleni evulekile entwasahlobo
Ungakhula isipinashi ngezithombo ezitholwe ekhaya noma ngokutshala imbewu ngqo emhlabathini. Basebenzisa indlela yesibili kaningi, futhi ngenxa yokumelana nokubanda kwesitshalo, imbewu yesipinashi yokuqala ingena emhlabathini lapho nje ibhula kahle.
Emgqeni ophakathi nalokhu kwenzeka maphakathi no-Ephreli. Uma isimo sezulu sentwasahlobo singangeni ekushiseni, izilimo zingambozwa ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe, ngaphansi kwalokho amahlumela angamelana neqhwa liye ku -8 ° C.
Ukwenza lula ukubhoboza kanye nokuvikela ezifweni, imbewu yesipinashi igcinwa kwikhambi elifudumele le-potanganum permanganate ngaphambi kokutshala amahora ayi-12 kuye kwayi-18, bese yomiswa kuze kube yilapho, njengakuqala, kokukhululeka.
Isipinashi sihlwanyelwa ekujuleni kuka-1.5 kuya ku-3 cm. Ukuze imbewu ngemuva kokunisela ingabi nzulu kakhulu, ngemuva kokutshala, inhlabathi ibanjiswa emibhedeni. Shiya okungenani amasentimitha angama-30 phakathi kwezintambo ngazinye, no-5-8 cm phakathi kwezimbewu. Lokhu kuzovumela isitshalo ukuthi sakhe irosette elixegayo futhi senze lula ukunakekelwa kwesipinatshi lapho sikhule endaweni evulekile.
Uma ukuhlwanyelwa kokuqala kungo-Ephreli, khona-ke ihlobo lokugcina lenziwa ekupheleni kukaJuni. Ukutshala ama-Conveyor ngokuphumula kwamaviki ama-3-4 kuzosiza ukungalahli imifino emisha. Kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule kaJulayi, izilimo ziyaqalwa futhi zihole kuze kube maphakathi no-Agasti, nasezifundeni eziseningizimu kuze kube maphakathi no-Septhemba. Imigqa ebushelelezi yotshani obhedayo emibhedeni ivela ezinsukwini eziyi-10-16 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela.
Ngokuthatha ithuba lokuphikiswa yiqhwa lembewu nokuvuthwa kwesipinashi, itshalwa ngaphambi kobusika. Imbewu itshalwe enhlabathini ngo-Okthoba, futhi entwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa lihlibilika emibhedeni, kuzovela amahlumela anomusa walesi sitshalo esiwusizo nesinobuqili.
Isipinashi Esingaphandle
Impumelelo yokukhula kwesipinashi ixhomeke kwisiza esifanele kanye nokulungiselela inhlabathi okokuqala. Lesi sitshalo sithanda imibhede evulekile, ekhanyiswe kahle enomhlabathi onobuthi obunama-acid amaningi aqukethe izakhi zomzimba eziningi.
Ukulungiswa kwe-Autumn kwezifu kuzosiza ukukhulisa ukubuya kokutshala enkundleni evulekile nokunakekela isipinashi entwasahlobo:
- babiwe ngokujulile;
- yenza, uma kunesidingo se-deoxidation, ufulawa we-dolomite;
- inhlabathi ixubene nomanyolo ngesilinganiso sama-gramu ayi-15 kasawoti we-potassium kanye nama-gramu angama-30 we-superphosphate ngemitha yesikwele;
- lapho kugaywa, kufakwa umquba noma umquba.
Ngentwasahlobo, emhlabathini ompofu, imibhede ihlanganiswa ngokuhlanganiswa ne-nitrogen, ingeza amagremu ama-20 e-urea ngemitha ngayinye. Inhlabathi eminyene ixubene nesihlabathi ne-peat. Lokhu kuzokwenza lula ukugcinwa okulandelayo kwesipinashi lapho kukhule ngaphandle.
Ukunakekelwa kwesipinashi kwangaphandle
Ukunakekela isipinashi akuwona umthwalo kakhulu futhi kuqukethe ukuthambisa ejwayelekile, ukhula nokukhulula inhlabathi phakathi kwemigqa. Ngenkathi izitshalo zincane, kubalulekile ukuvimba ukwakheka kwengqubu eminyene, evimbela ukwakheka kwama-rosette nokungena komswakama.
Esigabeni samaqabunga ama-2-3, izitshalo zinqunywe ngaphandle. Uma ususa ngokucophelela izithombo, zingadluliselwa kabusha, zengeza izikhala kwezinye izindawo embhedeni.
Ukunisela isipinashi kufanele kube kuningi futhi kuvame. Ukuze kungalimazi okutshalekile, kusetshenziswa iziqhumane. Ngasikhathi sinye, kufinyelela amalitha ayi-10 wamanzi ngemitha yendawo, okukuvumela ukuthi ukondle kahle futhi uvuselele umhlabathi ngomswakama.
Noma ngabe kunhlobonhlobo yesipinashi, lapho isikhule ngaphandle, ukunakekelwa kokutshala kuhlanganisa ukuvikela izitshalo elangeni elihangukayo. Lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-26 ° C, imibhede ifihlwa ngaphansi kwento engeyona eyokweluka noma ezinye izindlela zokufiphaza. Uma unganaki lesi silinganiso, ingozi yokubonakala kwama-peduncle iyanda, amaqabunga alahlekelwa yi-juiciness yawo futhi abe rough.
Ngokulungiselela imibhede efanele nokudla okuningi, isipinashi sikhula ngokushesha bese kuthi ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2-3 sinikeze amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani etafuleni. Uma ukukhula kungavinjelwe, amapuleti amaqabunga mancane, i-rosette ayakhiwa kahle, kusobala ukuthi izitshalo zidinga ukwenziwa umanyolo ngomanyolo we-nitrogen. Amagreyi kumele afakwe enhlabathini ngokujula ngo 2-5 cm, bese imibhede iniselwa.
