NgoMashi ezifundeni eziningi zaseRussia kumane nje kungumkhawulo wentwasahlobo. Kepha uma u-Ephreli engqongqoza esangweni, umhlali wasehlobo udinga ukuhlome ngokuphelele.
Lapho nje izwe lingenalo iqhwa, sekuyisikhathi sokuqala ukulima kwentwasahlobo. Ngisho nezindawo ezembiwe noma ezatshalwa ekwindla ngaphansi kwesisindo seqhwa ebusika ziye zaba denser futhi azilungele ukukhula okuntofontofo kwezilimo zasengadini. Ngakho-ke, ithuluzi lokuqala okufanele liwele ezandleni zomgcini wegadi yi-lokwela.
Ukumba imibhede yandulelwa wukuhlela kwabo. Kwakungo-Ephreli esihlalweni sasehlobo, kwakungeyisikhathi sokuba kuqale amasimu eningi, kungenzeka ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ngokuprakthiza amacebo enziwe ebusika, acabangele ukujikeleza kwezitshalo kanye nomakhelwane onomusa wezilimo zasensimini.
Ukulima kwentwasahlobo ngo-Ephreli
Lesi ngesinye sezigaba ezinzima kakhulu nezinzima zomsebenzi kusayithi. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungagcini nje ngokumba izindawo zokutshala imifino esizayo, izilimo eziluhlaza nezitshalo ezimpande. Ukuze uthole induduzo ephelele nokukhula ngokushesha, izitshalo zidinga inhlabathi:
- Yayikhululekile, idlule ngokuphelele amanzi nomoya;
- wayenokudla okwanele kwezakhamzimba;
- akubanga bungozi ezitshalweni ezitshaliwe ngenxa yezinambuzane nokhula olukhona.
Kungenzeka ukufeza imisebenzi ebekiwe ngokubhidliza imichilo ehlangane nayo ngesikhathi sokumba, ukususa noma ukwelapha imifino ekhubazayo eqala ukuhluma ngenkuthalo, usebenzisa umanyolo uma lokhu kungenzekanga kusukela ekwindla.
Ngokuhambisana nokutshala inhlabathi kanye nokuhlela imibhede, umhlali wasehlobo udinga ukunaka izitshalo zisetshenziswa, okuthi ngokushabalala kweqhwa ziqale ukubonakala ngaphezulu kwenqanaba lomhlabathi futhi zinikeze nokuluhlaza kokuqala. Lezi zitshalo ezingadini zaseRussia zifaka:
- izinhlobo eziningi ze-anyanisi;
- sorrel;
- i-rhubarb;
- i-asparagus
- ugarlic otshalwe ebusika;
- ihhashi;
- kwesokunxele kusuka ngonyaka ophelile kuma-celery greens kanye ne-parsley efanayo.
Inhlabathi eseziqeshini ezakhiwe yilezi zilimo iyathukululwa, kanti nezitshalo ngokwazo ziphekelwa ngomanyolo we-organic ngokufakwa kwe-potassium.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yemifino yokuqala namakhambi ngo-Ephreli
Ngo-Ephreli, ukubanda, ngisho nokuwa kweqhwa, akuyona into engjwayelekile. Ukuze ama-greens awahlupheki ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile futhi angahlupheki yiqhwa, kuyasiza ukumboza imibhede ngohlaza abamba ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, amavithamini amasha azoba kumabhalane wehlobo etafuleni ngaphambili kakhulu.
Kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli, usuku lukhula kancane kancane, ilanga liphakama futhi sekuyisikhathi sokutshala izitshalo ezingalwisi ebandayo. Okokuqala, kufanele bafake abamele umndeni obethelwe esiphambanweni. Lapho inhlabathi emibhedeni ifudumala ifike ku-3-4 ° C, ungahlwanyela isithombo, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-radishes nama-turnips, i-daikon kanye ne-ulethisi. Lezi zilimo azesabi ngisho namazinga okushisa amancane amancane we-zero, kepha uma ziqiniswe izitshalo. Esikhundleni samaqabunga amnandi nezitshalo ezimpandeni, ungalinda ukuqhakaza okumnandi okuqala ngokwandiswa kwamahora okukhanya kosuku.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Ephreli yisikhathi sokutshala i-fennel, i-dill, i-celery ne-parsley. Lapho nje kuqhuma intwasahlobo ama-primroses, imbewu ka izaqathe, isipinashi no-anyanisi, amakhukhu kanye namashiza kungatshalwa emhlabathini. Kulokhu, ukupholisa kusezandleni zomgcini wegadi:
- inhlabathi emibhedeni ngaphansi kwemifino yokuqala isanothile ngomswakama oncibilikisiwe;
- izinambuzane eziningi, kufaka phakathi izimpukane ze-anyanisi kanye ne-radish kanye namapheshana athela izifo, azisebenzi;
- imbewu iphinda ihlukaniswe imvelo ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa, futhi izithombo ziqiniswe lukhuni.
Uma imifino yakuqala ihlwanyelwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo noma ngaphansi kokugcina ukushisa, isivuno sokuqala singaba isithombo, ulethisi, u-anyanisi oluhlaza ongapheli nezinye izilimo eziluhlaza zingakhishwa vele ngamaholide kaMeyi.
Ngemuva kwesonto, umhlaba usulungele ukwamukela imbewu eyomile yepea. Ungakhohlwa ngokutshalwa kukagalikhi wentwasahlobo, okuthi, yize ebusika ekhaya, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, asheshe abambe umfowabo wasebusika. Engxenyeni yesibili yenyanga, sekuyisikhathi sokulungiselela imibhede futhi uhlwanyele iklabishi, ama-beet kanye nenguqulo yayo enamaqabunga - chard. Lapho kuvela amaqabunga okuqala emibhedeni engadini enama-radishes, ngokusho kwe-omen yakudala, ungahlwanyela ukhukhamba ngokugcina okuluhlaza.
Umsebenzi ka-Ephreli endlini: izithombo nokulungiswa kwamazambane
U-Ephreli ungenye yezinyanga ezinzima kakhulu, ezishubile, futhi ezibalulekile kukhalenda lomgcini wegadi. Akugcini lapho kuvela izinto eziningi kusayithi uqobo, akukho okungaphansi kwazo endlini:
- izithombo ezikhulayo zikatamatisi, isitshalo seqanda kanye nopelepele;
- ukuhlwanyelwa ukhukhamba, zucchini kanye squash, amakhabe, amakhabe namathanga;
- Akafuni ukulinda iklabishi nezinye izilimo.
Ngakho-ke, umhlali wasehlobo kufanele asebenze emingceleni emibili, elawula bobabili emibhedeni yangempela nasekutshaleni “amasimu” athuthukisiwe eduze namafasitela asekhaya.
Engxenyeni yesibili yenyanga, kubalulekile ukukhetha izithombo zikatamatisi bese uzifaka phezulu. Ama-Pepper kanye nama-eggplant akufuneki anakekele ukunakekelwa nawo ayondliwa, aqiniseke ukuthi izitshalo zithola ukukhanya okwanele futhi "azeluli".
Abalimi abanolwazi bayabona ukuthi minyaka yonke amazambane atshalwa ezakhiweni ngaphambili nangaphambilini. Lokhu kusungulwa ngokuvela kwezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala ezinempilo, kanye nentuthuko yabahlali behlobo yezindlela ezilula nezisebenzayo zokulungiselela nezilimo eziyizigaxa zokutshala.
Ngokusetshenziswa kwehlobo, amazambane atshalwa emhlabathini ekugcineni kuka-Ephreli, lapho umhlaba emibhedeni ufudumala ufike ku-+10 ° C. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-tubers asuswa ngokomthetho kusitoreji, afudunyezwe, aphathwe ngama-ejenti okulawula izinambuzane futhi ashiywe efudumele ukuze athole amahlumela anempilo alungele ukukhula okusebenzayo.
Ukusheshisa ukuhluma kwamehlo kuzosiza ukumanzisa ngesisombululo sezakhi ezisuselwa kuma-humic acid nokubeka izithasaba ngesendlalelo se-sphagnum, peat noma sawdust.
Le nqubo yenziwa ezinsukwini ezingama-7-10 ngaphambi kokutshala. Uma isikhathi sokulungiselela okunjalo sesiside, kunengozi yokuthi izimpande ezigojekile nezimpondo ezinkulu zihlupheka ngesikhathi sokuhlukana.
U-Ephreli wenyanga enzima, kodwa futhi ebaluleke kakhulu, ebeka isisekelo sokuvunwa okuzayo. Umhlali wasehlobo uzobona izithelo zokuqala zomsebenzi ezifakiwe emavikini ambalwa, lapho imifino yokuqala ekhanyayo yama-radishes ne-daikon, i-sorrel, u-anyanisi kanye ne-ulethisi kuphakama ngaphezu kwemibhede. Kepha iningi lomzamo lizokhokha ngesikhathi sasehlobo futhi liwe, lithele izithelo eziwubukhazikhazi ezivela kumagadi okugcina izithombo, izithombo zokugcina izithombo nezindawo ezivulekile.
