Amahemuhemu abantu aqhathanisa i-Anthurium nama-flamesos, futhi igama lawo lifana nokufana kwe-inflorescence nomsila. Futhi ukwaziwa kwabaseYurophu nabaseMelika nabajameli bomndeni omkhulu wabantu kwenzeka engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19.
Ngaleso sikhathi-ke, amaDashi aba nesasasa kumazibuko amangalisayo we-Anthurium Andre, naseHawaii, eyaba izwe lesibili lezakhamizi zasezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika, kwaqala amasimi okuqala ezimboni kwaqala umsebenzi wokukhetha.
U-Anthurium Andre (Anthurium andreanum)
Ngenxa yokuqhakaza okumangalisayo, lolu hlobo lwe-anthurium lungabizwa ngokuthi oludumile kakhulu emhlabeni. Kusukela ngeminyaka engama-70s yekhulu edlule, lapho izitshalo zalolu hlobo oluhlukile lwe-anthurium zazisezandleni zokutholwa kwalo, i-Andrium yabantu yathatha enye yezindawo zokuqala phakathi kwezilimo ezazibunjiwe kanye naphakathi kwezitshalo ezenzelwe ukuhlakulela izingadi.
Namuhla, abalimi banikezwa inqwaba yezinhlobo ze-Anthurium Andre kanye nzalo eyingqayizivele emangaza lo mbono ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokubumba, imibala nosayizi we-inflorescence. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lezi zinhlobo yizifunda ezinezintaba zaseColombia, lapho i-Andre anthuriums ikhula khona endaweni ephakeme cishe ngamakhilomitha ayi-2,5 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Lesi sitshalo, esivela ku-50 kuya ku-150 cm ukuphakama, sihola impilo ye-epiphyte, okuyiwo wonke isakhiwo saso siguqulwa. I-Anthurium inesiqu esifushane esinamakha, lapho amatholethi amaqabunga angama-ovate amade anamathiselwe khona ngokuqinile. Amapuleti eshidi anesikhumba, aminyene. Ubude bephepha eliphakathi nendawo lisuka ku-20 liye ku-40 cm, futhi ububanzi bawo bungacishe bube kabili.
Njengamanye ama-epiphytes, u-Anthurium Andre, esiqwini, uthola izimpande eziningi zomoya ezisizayo, esiza isitshalo ukuthi sithole umsoco nomswakama emoyeni wasemkhathini. Ukubuka, ngokusho kwencazelo yabanturium, kubonakaliswa ngezimbali ezinde. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokho abaningi abajwayele ukubheka njengembali yezimbali zabantu, kuwukukhula kwayo, okuhlanganisa ukubekwa kombhede noma isisekelo sendlebe nokuhlanganisa izimbali eziningi ezincane.
Isembozo singamise okwenhliziyo noma okusaqanda, indwangu yaso, njengasesithombeni se-anthurium ansundu, sinesikhumba, sinemithambo ebonakalayo. Ngokwesilinganiso, i-bractor ingafinyelela ubude obuyi-15-20 cm. Ububanzi bayo buba mncane. Lapho izimbali zivuthwa, i-bract bors, iveza ngokuphelele ukhilimu noma i-cob ephuzi.
Ngenxa yengubo ekhanyayo, i-anthurium ebomvu yake yabonwa phakathi kweziyaluyalu zemibala eshisayo. Kepha namuhla, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezijabulisa abalimi, amabhulashi abomvu, akujwayelekile ezitsheni ezinemibala ehlukahlukene nezindlebe nezimbobo zombhede. Ungabona abanturium abamhlophe, abapinki nabamnyama. Kunezinhlobonhlobo kanye nzalo enemibala emihle ehlanganisa imibala egqamile.
Ngemuva kokuvundiswa kwezimbali ku-inflorescence, kwakheka amajikijolo anemibala ebomvu noma owolintshi, ngaphakathi lapho kukhona khona imbewu. Kuyiqiniso, njengoba abatshali bezimbali banamuhla bekhula bengezona izinhlobo ze-hybrid, kepha ama-hybridanturiums, ukusakazwa kwembewu kwalesi siko kunikeza izindlela zezitshalo. Futhi emasimini wezimboni zisebenzisa amasiko wezicubu ukuthola izithombo ezinkulu.
Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi udale futhi unikeze abathandi bezitshalo ezihlukile izinhlobo ze-anthurium ezingatholakali emvelweni. Isibonelo yi-anthurium enamabhulokhethi amabili akhonjiswe esithombeni noma eziyinkimbinkimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlobisa ngesimo esingajwayelekile sokulala kombhede, okuncane noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-inflorescence amakhulu kakhulu.
I-Anthurium scherzerianum
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-anthurium ezaziwa kakhulu ngabatshali bezimbali, okuqala ukudonsela ukunakwa ngenxa ye-inflorescence enobuhlakani eyindilinga. Kutholwe ama-Scherzer's zasrium eGuatemala naseCosta Rica, lapho khona izitshalo zikhethe amahlathi ashisayo omanzi endaweni engamamitha ayinkulungwane nesigamu ngaphezulu kolwandle.
Isiko le-hernace lase-perennial lihlala kudoti wehlathi nezitshalo ezinkulu ezinamahlahla. Ukuphakama komfanekiso wabantu abadala weScherzerabanturium kufinyelela kuma-30- 40 cm. NjengoAndre, isiqu salolu hlobo sincishisiwe kakhulu noma asikho ngokuphelele.
Amahlamvu weSphenoid noma aqondile-elliptic aluhlaza, luhlaza okhethiwe. Ingaphezulu lepuleti leshidi, lifinyelela ku-20-30 cm ubude, matte, aminyene ekuthinteni.
Izimbali zingahamba unyaka wonke, kepha inani eliphakeme lazo liqala esikhathini esiqala ngoFebhuwari kuya kuJulayi. Ngokungafani ne-Andrianum waturium, i-inflorescence ayiqondile, kepha iqondisiwe, kepha ngamafomu amasiko futhi amele isimo somoya. Isembozo se-oval, singenakubalwa ngenhliziyo. Ngezimo zasendle, zombili i-cob ne-bract zivame ukupendwa ngamathoni abomvu noma abomvu.
Isimo esiyingqayizivele sokuqhakaza kwale nhlobonhlobo ye-anthurium ukuthi, ngenxa yesakhiwo, ukudluliselwa kwesinye imbali kuya kwesinye kungenzeka ezitshalweni. Ama-pollinators oyinhloko emvelweni izinambuzane. Ekhaya, lapho namuhla abanturium be-Scherzer bevame kakhulu, kufanele usebenzise izindlela zokuhambisa impova.
Okwamanje, izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezinemibala ehlukene yama-inflorescence nosayizi wesitshalo ngokwazo kuye kwavunwa. Isibonelo salokhu i-Amarettiabanturium, efanekiselwa esithombeni, isitshalo esingaphakathi esinamabhulokhi angajwayelekile asasazeke anendawo ebomvu ekhanyayo.
Lezi zinhlobo zombili ezinde zenza irosette engu-60 amasentimitha, kanye nama -anturium amancane aqhakaza lapho ubukhulu besitshalo bungaphansi kuka-10 cm.
I-Anthurium Lindenianum
I-Linden's pink anthurium ayibonwa kaningi kusiko, yize ukugeleza kwezinhlobonhlobo lokhu kungaphansi kobuhle nobude besikhathi se-anthurium ka-Andre noma i-Scherzer.
Njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi, lena ngokwemvelo ihlala eColombia, ikhula ngaphansi kwezihlahla, enhlabathini enomswakama ocebile wehlathi lemvula, noma ihlale ezitshalweni uqobo, njenge-epiphyte yangempela.
Umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo yingxenye yesigcawu se-petioles kanye nenhliziyo enhle enezimpawu ezinamaphawu amnyama acwebezelayo. Eplatheni lamaqabunga afinyelela ku-30 cm ubude, imithambo ekhanyayo ene-tint yomnqumo ibonakala kahle. Amahlamvu asemancane ahlukaniswa kalula ngumqhele okhanyayo, omnandi, amaqabunga abantu abadala amnyama, anesikhumba.
Ngokungafani ne-yabanturium u-Andre ene-red bract, lolu hlobo lwasendle luyakha i-oval, olunqenqelwe endaweni ethile ekhoneni, ingubo yengubo emhlophe epinki. Kwi-peduncle ephezulu efinyelela kuma-40 cm, kwakhiwa i-cob eqondile, emhlophe noma enokhilimu. Izimbali zihambisana nokusakazwa kwephunga elimnandi.
Ngokuthabisisayo, le ngenye yezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu ze-menrium yabantu, kepha ayitholakali emqoqweni wasekhaya, kepha kaningi ezingadini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iLinden Anthurium isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza inzalo ye-interspecific.
ICrystal Anthurium (i-Anthurium crystallinum)
Kusukela ngo-1875, ithole isimo sesitshalo esitshaliwe kanye nolunye uhlobo lwabanturium - ikristalu abanturium, okuyinto ngokwemvelo lihlala ezindaweni eziningi ezinamahlathi ePeru naseColombia.
Uma izincazelo zama-anthurium adonsela ukunaka ngezimbali ezinhle zinikezwe ngaphezulu, khona-ke lokhu kuhlukahluka kuhlobene namahlamvu aqhakazile okuhlobisayo, okungaphambeki ngaphansi kwamaqabunga amahle we-alocasia.
Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwesiqu se-crystal waturium ekhaya kufinyelela kumitha, kuyilapho isiqu simbozwe ngokuphelele impahla eyinhloko yesitshalo - amaqabunga velvety anjengomthamo wenhliziyo. Imithambo yokusiza ekhanyayo icaciswe kahle. Ubude beplate yephepha buyahlukahluka kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-40 cm, futhi ububanzi bawo bungaphansi.
Uma amaqabunga amancane angaba nombala onsomi, lapho esekhulile, umbala oluhlaza kuwo ugcwele kakhulu futhi umnyama mnyama. Ukusikwa kwamaqabunga yinde, inciphile, ilenga. Ngemuva kweqabunga kumhlophe noma kuluhlaza kwesiliva.
Noma ukuqhakaza, njengezinye izinhlobo zamaantuums wekhaya, kukude kakhulu, akunakubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlobisa noma ukubukeka. Ama-peduncle ase-Anthurium, njengasesithombeni, afinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-40 futhi abe nombala ophuzi noma opinki. Isembozo sincanyana kakhulu kunekotshana, elisabalalisa iphunga elibukhali lama-clove, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukusihlukanisa. Ububanzi bawo bungama-2 cm kuphela, futhi ubude abudluli ku-9 cm. Umbala umhlophe, uluhlaza okotshani noma onsomi obuthuntu.
Namuhla, kunezindlela eziningi ezi-hybrid zokuhlobisa amahlamvu abantu okuhle nokuhlobisa, lapho kwakusetshenziswa khona ikristalu abantu lapho bewela.
I-Anthurium Hooker (i-Anthurium hookeri)
Yize lesi sitshalo sinqabile ukukhula kwisiko lamagumbi, sibekezelela ngokuphelele bonke ubunzima bezimo zasekhaya futhi sihlobisa noma ikuphi ingaphakathi. Endle, lolu hlobo lwe-anthurium luseyatholakala nanamuhla e-Lesser Antilles, emahlathini ashisayo aseSuriname, eTrinidad nakwezinye izingxenye zeGuana.
Ububanzi bokukhishwa kwabantu abadala kwe -anturium oboniswe esithombeni bungamakhilomitha angama-150-250, ukuphakama cishe ngamasentimitha angama-60. Isiqu asivezwa kahle, amaqabunga makhulu, anqabile, anwebekile esisekelweni. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa okusondele, iphethini yezindawo ezinamachashaza amnyama ibonakala kumakhasi amaqabunga aluhlaza cwe. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zabanturium, kulokhu ama-petioles amaqabunga amafushane kakhulu futhi awafinyeleli ku-4 cm ubude.
Akulula ukufezekisa izimbali nokubukeka kuma-anthurium ezinsomi noma ezinobumba onsomi ezingcolile ezinama-broker amancane aluhlaza ekhaya. Uma lokhu kuphumelela, kwakheka isiqu sezimbali zabanturium cishe imitha, njengasesithombeni, sithweswe umqhele obude obungama-30 cm nobude obukhulu, bufushane kancanyana kune-inflorescence. Ngemuva kokuvundiswa kwi-cob, amajikijolo amhlophe aqukethe amanzi ngokuvuthwa okuvuthiwe.
Ukukhuphuka i-Anthurium (i-Anthurium ihlazo)
Ngokuya kwencazelo yabanturiums, iningi elivame ukuvuthwa ekhaya - lezi yizitshalo ezinganaso isiqu sangempela. Kepha kuvela ukuthi kukhona okuhlukile.
Kuvame ukutholakala emaqoqweni wabathandi bokukhuphuka kwe-aroid watuidum. Lesi sitshalo iyi-epiphyte efana nomvini, yakha amahlumela amade ambozwe ngamaqabunga e-oval onesikhumba nezimpande eziwugqinsi zasemoyeni. Emahlathini aseMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu Melika, izimpande ezinjengalezi ziyamsiza ukuthi angagcini nje ngemithi yezihlahla, kodwa futhi athole isisekelo semadwaleni.
Ukuqhakaza kwe-anthurium eboniswe esithombeni akuyona okokuhlobisa, kepha amajikijolo avuthiwe ahlobisa abanturium kakhulu. Ngokungafani nabanye abameleli bohlobo, bakha izithelo eziwolintshi noma ezibomvu, amajikijolo ama-anthurium akhuphukayo amhlophe noma ama-lilac. Akha esakhiweni sombala ophuzi noma oluhlaza okotshani, ombozwe kancane yi-bract green eluhlaza. Njengoba izimbali cishe zihlala njalo, khona-ke esitshalweni esibunjiwe ungabona amabhulashi amancane amancane akhangayo ngamajikijolo ngesikhathi esisodwa.
I-Anthurium wendlingeri
Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu ze-anthurium, etshalwe ekhaya nasezivandeni zasebusika. Ukuchazwa kwe-waturium kaWendliger ithi iyi-epiphyte enkulu, yakha ubude obungama-cm angama-20. Amaqabunga alesi sitshalo anezikhumba, ubude, i-lanceolate, ngisho nokuluhlaza ngombala, kuhlanganiswe nesiqu kusetshenziswa ama-petioles amafushane. Ubude beplate yephepha bufika ku-80 cm, futhi ububanzi bayo abudluli ku-11 cm.
Isici esiyingqayizivele salolu hlobo lwe-anthurium sihlanganisa izimpande zezindiza ezikude futhi ezinombala futhi zibe nombala oluhlaza okotshani noma onsundu.
Isitshalo sinikezwa umphumela okhethekile wokuhlobisa ngama-inflorescence-cobs amade namasampula, asontwe kube yimiklamo ejwayelekile. Ubude be-cob bunokwehluka kusuka ku-13 kuye ku-42 cm, futhi ububanzi bawo buvela ku-3 kuye ku-7 mm. Ama-inflorescence aphuzi aluhlaza okotshani noma aphuzi ahlukile ngokusobala ngemuva kwamahlamvu amnyama, kepha izindawo zokulala, ezigoqwe futhi zibe yisiyingi esiqinile, azibonakali njalo. Zincane impela, zandawonye futhi zidwetshwe ngopende onsomi noma onsomi. Ngobubanzi obungaba isentimitha kuphela, ubude be-bract ngokuvamile abudluli ku-11-15 cm.I -anturium enjalo onsomi kunzima ukuyisebenzisa ekusikeni, kepha izoyihlobisa kahle ingaphakathi nendawo noma i-greenhouse.
