Luffa, noma Luffa (Luffa) - uhlobo lwemivini ye-herbaceous yomndeni wakwaPumpkin (Cucurbitaceae) Inani eliphelele lezinhlobo ze-loofah lingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu. Kepha zinhlobo ezimbili kuphela ezisakaze njengezitshalo ezitshaliwe - lesi yisilinda sikaLuffa (Luffa cylindrica) noLuffa wakhomba (Luffa acutangula) Kwezinye izinhlobo, izithelo zincane kakhulu kangangokuba ukuzikhulisa njengezitshalo zezimboni akusebenzi.
U-Luffa ungumGibhithe. © PekinensisUmsuka we-loofah yiNorth West India. Ngekhulu le-VII. n e. ULuffa wayesaziwa eChina.
Njengamanje, i-cylindrical loofah itshalwa emazweni amaningi asezindaweni ezishisayo ama-Old and New Worlds; I-Luffa acanthus ayivamile, ikakhulukazi e-India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines naseCaribbean.
Luffa uyashiya. © Huerta OrgázmikaIncazelo ye-botanical ye-loofah
Amaqabunga kaLoofah alandelayo abe-amahlanu noma ayisikhombisa, kwesinye isikhathi aphelele. Izimbali zinkulu ngokungalingani, ziphuzi noma zimhlophe. Izimbali ezinamandla ziqoqwa kuma-inflemcose inflorescence, izimbali ezi-pistillate zitholakala zingodwa. Izithelo zingama-cylindrical aphakanyisiwe, ngaphakathi komile futhi ku-fibrous ngezimbewu eziningi.
Khula loofah
ILuffa ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezivikelwe umoya. Ikhetha inhlabathi efudumele, evulekile, enothile, enakekelwa kahle futhi inamanti wesihlabathi. Uma kungekho umquba owanele, imbewu ye-loofah kufanele ihlwanyelwe emigodini 40X40 cm ngosayizi kanye nama-25-30 cm ajule, uhhafu ugcwele umquba.
I-Luffa iboniswa yisikhathi eside kakhulu sokukhula, ngakho-ke kufanele ikhule ezitshalweni. Imbewu ye-Luffa ihlwanyelwa ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli kanye namabhodwe, njengembewu yamakhukhamba. Zilukhuni kakhulu, zimbozwe ngegobolondo obukhulu futhi zidinga ukufudumala ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela isonto lonke emazingeni okushisa angaba ngama-40 degrees. Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-6. Izithombo zitshalwa ekuqaleni kukaMeyi ngemigqa ngokusho kwephethini engu-1.5m x 1m kumaphethini aphansi noma emigqonyeni.
Isitshalo se-Luffa esisekelweni. © IjajifloroU-Luffa wenza inqwaba yamaqabunga futhi anikeze izithelo eziningi, ngakho-ke udinga umanyolo owengeziwe. Kususelwa ku-1 ha, amathani omquba angama-50-60 omquba, ama-500 kg we-superphosphate, ama-400 kg we-ammonium nitrate kanye nama-200 kg we-potassium sulfate. I-Ammonium nitrate yethulwa ngemithamo emithathu: lapho utshala izithombo, ukhululwe okwesibili nolwesithathu.
Uhlelo lwezimpande ze-loofah alunamandla futhi lubekwe engxenyeni engaphezulu yomhlabathi, futhi amaqabunga akhipha umswakama omningi, ngakho-ke idinga ukuniselwa kaningi. NgoMeyi, lapho izitshalo zingakakhuli kahle, kwanele ukunisela kanye ngesonto, ngoJuni-Agasti kuze kube maphakathi no-Septhemba - kanye noma kabili ngesonto. Emva kwalokho, manisela kancane ukufushanisa isikhathi sokukhula bese usheshise ukuvuthwa kwezithelo.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, i-loofah iyathukululwa okungenani kathathu.
Ukuze kutshalwe ngempumelelo i-loofah, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa isakhiwo esisekelayo esisebenza ukuqondisa nokugcina iziqu. Uma kungenziwa, izitshalo zisakazeka emhlabathini oswakeme wenhlabathi, ngenxa yalokho kwakheka izithelo ezingafani nomzimba, zivame ukonakaliswa yizifo zokukhunta.
Izinhlobo eziningana zezakhiwo ezisekelayo ziyaziwa, lapho i-wire trellis isetshenziswa kakhulu khona, okuhlanganisa imigqa emibili yocingo enamathiselwe ezigxotsheni ezifakwe ngo 4-5 m kamuva, njenge trellis esetshenziselwa amagilebhisi akhulayo. Kodwa-ke, lapho usebenzisa lo mklamo, ingxenye yesiqu se-loofah isawela emhlabathini omanzi. Umklamo ophelele xaxa unama-balconies abizwa ngokuthi, njengokugibela amagilebhisi, kepha awenziwe ngezinto ezilula.
Isithelo sikaLuffa. © devopstomIzitshalo ezihlukile ze-luffa zitshalwa ukuze zikwazi ukugoqa eduze kwe-wattle kanye uthango.
Iziqu ze-Luffa ezindaweni eziningana ziboshelwe kusekela. Ekuqaleni kokukhula, wonke amagatsha aseceleni asuswa. Ukuze unciphise isikhathi sokukhula, cindezela isiqu esikhulu ebangeni elingamamitha ama-3. Zonke izithelo ezonakele nezisheshe zibonakale ziyasuswa. Kusele izithelo ezingama-6-8 kuphela ku-loofah cylindrical no-10-12 kuleyo ecijile.
Ngaphansi kwenhlabathi enhle nezimo zezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe obufanele bezolimo, izithelo ezi-3-5 zitholakala kwisitshalo esisodwa esibushelelezi se-loofah, izithelo ezi-6-6 zibunjiwe.
Isebenzisa i-loofah
Kusho uLuffa ekhomba (Luffa acutangula) kutshalwa ngenjongo yezithelo ezincane ezingavuthiwe ezisetshenziselwa ukudla njengamakhukhamba, kanye namasobho nokwenza i-curry. Izithelo ezivuthiwe azinakusetshenziswa, ngoba zinomunyu kakhulu. Badla amaqabunga, amahlumela, ama-buds nezimbali ze-acanthus loofah - bakubeka kancane, bathola ngamafutha futhi benziwa njengesitsha esisehlangothini.
Luffa cylindricalnoma isiponji (Luffa cylindrica) isetshenziswa ekudleni ngendlela efanayo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amaqabunga ayo acebile kakhulu ku-carotene: okuqukethwe kwayo kungamaphindwe izikhathi eziyi-1.5 kunaleza izaqathi noma upelepele omnandi. I-Iron emaqabungeni iqukethe u-11 mg / 100 g, uvithamini C - 95 mg / 100 g, amaprotheni - aze afike ku-5%.
Izicubu ze-fibrous ezakhiwa ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo ze-loofah zisetshenziselwa ukwenza izembatho zokugeza ezifanayo nezipanji (zona, njengesitshalo uqobo, zibizwa ngokuthi yi-loofah). Isiponji esinjalo semifino kanye nenqubo yokuwasha sinikeza ukubhucungwa okuhle. Abathumbi bolwandle abangamaPutukezi baba ngabokuqala ukuthola isicelo esifanayo nesitshalo.
Ukuthola indwangu yokuwasha, izithelo ze-luffa zivunwa kuluhlaza (bese umkhiqizo wokugcina uthambile - wekhwalithi "yokugeza") noma onsundu, i.e. abavuthiwe lapho kulula ukuwahlanza (kulokhu, umkhiqizo uzoba muncu). Izithelo zomile (kaningi amasonto ambalwa), khona-ke, njengomthetho, zifakwe emanzini (kusuka emahoreni ambalwa kuya ngesonto) ukuthambisa ikhasi; bese ubhula ikhasi, bese imicu yangaphakathi ihlanzwe ngepulpiti ngebhulashi elukhuni. Indwangu yokuwasha ephumayo igezwa kaningana emanzini anensipho, iqhutshwe, yomiswe elangeni bese isikwa izingcezu zosayizi oyifunayo.
Ukusuka okuvela kuLuffa. © QurrenNgaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II, kuze kube ngama-60% ama-loofah angeniswa e-USA asetshenziswa ekwenzeni izihlungi zezinjini zikadizili nezinsimbi. Ngenxa yomsindo othinta umsindo kanye ne-anti-shock, isibhamu se-loofah sisetshenzisiwe lapho kwenziwa izigqoko zempi yamasosha nasezithwalweni zezindiza zase-US Army. Imbewu engu-Loofah inamafutha afinyelela ku-46% namaprotheni afinyelela kuma-40%
Kwi-loofah ye-cylindrical, zombili izinhlobo zemifino nezinhlobo ezikhethekile zobuchwepheshe zokwenza i-bast ziyaziwa. EJapan, ujusi ovela esiqwini se-loofah usetshenziselwa izimonyo, ikakhulukazi ekwenziweni kwezindebe ezisezingeni eliphakeme.
Lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswa kakhulu emithini yabomdabu basendaweni.
Ukufakwa kwezithelo ze-luffa kusetshenziselwa umuthi wendabuko eColombia ngezifo ezingamahlalakhona zekhala namakhala. Yangeniswa emithini yokwelapha i-homeopathic (kumasiphu afanele) ngezizathu ezifanayo, kufaka phakathi i-allergic.
