I-anyanisi yejubane, noma i-chives, evela emndenini we-anyanisi ibaziwa njengeYurophu njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa nokwelapha kusukela ngekhulu le-16, eRussia njengesiko lokudla, ibilinywe ngabakwa-aborigine kusukela ngekhulu le-15. Njengomlimi, waqala ukuhlala niche yakhe emndenini wezitshalo zemifino izakhamuzi zasehlobo kuphela kusukela ngekhulu lama-20. Njengomkhiqizo wokudla, le anyanisi ivame kakhulu eNtshonalanga naseCentral Europe.
Umnsalo wejubane, noma ama-chives (i-Allium schoenoprasum).
Uhla lokusatshalaliswa kwama-chives eRussia lubaluleke impela. Endle, ikhula ngokungahambi kahle kuyo yonke ingxenye yaseYurophu, eSiberia eseNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga, eNyakatho Kapa Kamchatka, ePrimorsky Territory, eNyakatho neCaucasus, okungukuthi, kuzo zonke izifunda lapho amaqhwa asebusika engenakuqothula i-rhizome ne-bulb yamanga ngezimpande zalokhu ebusika-hardy izitshalo.
Futhi konke kuyizigaxa
Kuhunyushwe kusuka eJalimane, ama-chives ahunyushwa ngokoqobo ngokuthi "u-anyanisi oqoshiwe." Ezifundeni zaseRussia, ama-chives anezimpawu eziningi, ezivame ukubonwa ngabantu bendawo ehlukene njengamasiko ahlukile. Kwamagama asemthethweni ku-botany, kubizwa ama-chives umnsalo wejubane (I-Allium schoenoprasum), chives (usike izimpaphe), u-anyanisi sibulet. Engxenyeni yase-Asia yaseRussia, ama-chives anamagama awo endawo - i-sogan, sokh, chali. Kwezinye izifunda, ama-chives abizwa ngokuthi u-anyanisi waseSiberia, isihlahla sasebusika. Kuyaziwa nangaphansi kwegama le-tribulka nerestirenti. Onke amagama angenhla angamagama wokuvumelanisa ama-chives ejwayelekile.
Izici ewusizo of chives
Okuqukethwe okuphezulu koshukela (3%), amavithamini (B, C, K, E, A), usawoti wamaminerali futhi ikakhulukazi obabazekayo futhi nomphumela wabo omuhle empilweni yabantu, kufaka phakathi i-chives ezitshalweni zokwelapha.
Amacembe aluhlaza no-anyanisi we-anyanisi wepanini aqukethe ama-amino acid, kufaka phakathi i-histidine, i-methionine, i-tryptophan, i-arginine, i-lysine nabanye. Ucebile ngama-chives, ama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni, amafutha, amaminerali, kufaka phakathi ukulwa nokuguga nokwandisa ukungatheleleki (i-selenium, i-zinc, i-manganese, njll.).
Kusukela empahleni yokuphulukisa yama-chives:
- kuvusa iphango;
- kuthuthukisa ukucasulwa kwamathumbu;
- kunomthelela omuhle emsebenzini wezinso, i-gallder, uhlelo lwenhliziyo;
- isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela umkhuhlane nezifo ezithathelanayo, nge-atherosulinosis eqhubekayo;
- anthelmintic ephumelelayo.
Izimbali eziqhakazayo.
Usebenzisa u-anyanisi Pan
AmaChives, njengakwezinye izinhlobo ze-anyanisi, abhekisela kumasiko aluhlaza futhi anephunga elimnandi. Kusha njengesiqholo kufakwa kuwo wonke amasaladi e-vithamini, inyama, inhlanzi nezitsha zemifino. Amaqabunga obucayi, amnandi ukunambitha, ngaphandle komunyu nokushiswa, kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokubhaka, ama-omeletti, amasoso, i-gravy.
Ukumelana nesithwathwa kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwama-chives aluhlaza omusha ezindaweni ezifudumele isikhathi esingaba izinyanga eziyisithupha lapho ukhule endaweni evulekile. AmaChives angaqandeka noma omiswe futhi asetshenziswe uma kunesidingo ebusika.
Ukuchazwa kanye nezici zama-chives
AmaChives yiqembu lezitshalo ze-herbaceous. Endle, kuba yi-perennial; ku-wedge yemifino yemizi yangasese, ama-chives ngokuvamile atshalwa njengesitshalo esidala seminyaka engu-1-2. Kusetshenziswa njengendlela zisetshenziswa emibhedeni yemifino, ukuhlobisa i-rabatki.
Ingxenye engaphansi komhlaba yama-chives iqukethe ama-bulb amancane ama-oblong wamanga (izingcezu eziyi-15-20) zombala obomvana obomvana noma obomvu ngokunamathiselwe, oboshelwe kufindo elifushane. Izimpande eziningi ezimhlophe ezinjengezintambo zikhula zisuka ezansi, ezingcwatshwa enhlabathini kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-0.5. Ngonyaka wesibili, isibazi ngasinye sakha umcibisholo wezimbali onqamulelayo bese siqhakaza minyaka yonke.
Ingxenye ye-anyanisi epanini ifanekiselwa isiqu esingamanga namaqabunga amile okwe-awl noma ama-tubular anombala oluhlaza okhanyayo angu-25-45 cm ubude, ama-5-8 mm ububanzi. Esisekelweni, amaqabunga ayafulelwa. Isikhathi esifushane (iminyaka emi-3-4), ama-chives akha ihlumela eliluhlaza obude obungu-50-60 cm, ukusuka kuma-40-100 aqhuma ngamaqabunga kanye nama-inflorescence apical ngendlela yamabhola we-volumetric abunjwe ngesambulela.
Izimbali zezimbaza zinombala omfishane-insimbi, ngemibala ehlukene kusuka kumhlophe kuya kwelilac ne-violet ephuzi. Izitshalo ziyaqhakaza ngoMeyi-Juni ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila futhi ziyaqhakaza kuze kube ngu-Agasti. Izithelo ziyibhokisi. Ngemuva kokuvunda, kuye kwakhiwa imbewu emincane, evuthwa kancane kancane ngoJulayi-Agasti, ithola umbala omnyama kanye nokwakheka okukhona okukhona kancane.
Ama-anyanisi nama-chives ashiya ukunambitha okufana no-anyanisi, kepha abe nokuthungwa nokuhogela okuthe xaxa.
E-Russia, izinhlobo ezimbili zemixhaso zivame kakhulu:
- IsiRussia, noma i-alpine.
- IsiSiberia.
Izingulule zaseRussia zishesha ukwakha izihlahla ezinamandla ezinemikhondo eminingi ezinamahlamvu amahle. Amaqabunga athambile, akhula ngokushesha ngemuva kokusikwa. Kusatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezinobusika obumnene.
Ama-chives aseSiberia, ngokungafani namaRussia, aqhekeka kancane, amaqabunga akha amakhulu, anokhahlo ngesikhathi sokunisela okungafanele.
Zombili lezi zindawo ezingaphansi kwesikhumba anyanisi zingamelana nohlobo lweqhwa. Ukuqina okuphezulu kobusika kuhlukaniswa yizinhlobo ezingaphansi zaseSiberia, ezingabandi ngisho nasebusika obunzima kakhulu.
Zombili lezi zinkampani ezingaphansi kwazo zikhule kusiko loku-1, le-2 namasiko asebenza iminyaka eminingi. Kuyinto esebenzayo kakhulu ukukhulisa iminyaka emi-3 endaweni eyodwa, bese uhlukanisa futhi utshale izihlahla. Ngale ndlela yokutshala, ama-chives azohlala akha inqwaba yamahlamvu ezintekenteke - imikhiqizo eyinhloko yalesi sitshalo.
Ama-shots of chives (ngokuhlukile kweminye iminsalo) angakwazi ukumelana namaqandeni amafushane kuya ku -3 ... -4ºС. Amaqabunga ezitshalo zabantu abadala abekezelela isithwathwa sesikhashana ngaphandle kokulimala kwamaqabunga ku -6 ... -8ºС.
I-anyanisi ehlukaniswe ngesivinini.
Ukukhula chives
Ukuzikhethela kwendawo yokwenza amakhosi
Kuya ngendlela yokutshala, indawo yesiko elizayo inqunywa. Isidingo esiyinhloko umswakama owanele nokuvikelwa elangeni eliqondile.
Uma ama-chives ezokhula njalo, kungcono ukuwabeka ngokwahlukana ku-penumbra enomswakama ngokwenxenye noma ngokunikeza ukuthambisa okwanele. Ngale ndawo, u-chives, u-anyanisi omude uzokwakha amaqabunga amade ethenda isikhathi eside. Elangeni, amaqabunga anamabala futhi awalungele ukusetshenziswa ekuphekeni.
Ama-perennials angatshalwa emibhedeni yemifino eceleni kwezindlela njengesitshalo sokuncibilikisa.
Ngokwesiko elineminyaka engu-1-3 ubudala, izinhlobo eziningana zingatshalwa kuma-discounts, i-mixbways. Njenge chives ehlobo, amakamela atshalwa emibhedeni ehlukile ekushintsheni kwezitshalo.
Abandulelayo kanye "nomakhelwane" b anyanisi
AmaChives awancintisanga izaqathi notamatisi futhi abhekwa njengomakhelwane ofanele kuwo.
Ihambisana kahle nazo zonke izinhlobo zokutshala ubhontshisi, uphizi (ngokusho kweminye imibiko - ngokujwayelekile enezimbali), iklabishi, izimbila.
Izilimo ezilandelayo zibhekwa njengezandulelayo ezinhle uma sezikhulile ekusakazweni kwesiko: imifino, utamatisi, ukhukhamba, isithombo, amazambane.
AmaChives - isitshalo esihle sikaju. Ukuheha izinyosi nama-bumblebees, kunomthelela ekungcolisweni kwengadi kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa.
I-Schnitt-onion ivikela ezinye izitshalo kwezinye izi-aphid, ubumba kanye namazeze abethelwa emthini. Izinambuzane azikwazi ukubekezelela ama-chives. Ukuwavikela, amantshontsho angahlwanyelwa eduze noma emaphethelweni emibhede yemifino.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi kanye nezikhala
Kuyancipha ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi, kepha ikhula kangcono futhi ngokushesha ezindaweni ezivundile zomswakama. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhulula le ndawo kukhula oluningi lwakudala. Banomthelela omkhulu ekufeni kwezingulule ezincane.
Uma inhlabathi iminyene kakhulu, i-clayey, khona-ke ngaphansi kokutshala u-anyanisi, izinhlobo zenza i-humus noma umquba ebhakedeni ebangeni ngalinye lesikwele. m indawo ekwindla yokumba 20-25 cm ukujula.
Entwasahlobo, ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, inhlabathi evuthiwe iyadilizwa, ihlanganiswe kancane futhi, uma kunesidingo, imisele iyaniselwa.
Isikimu sokuhlwanyela amantshontsho sivamile. Ngokutshala isikhathi eside, imbewu iyahlwanyelwa noma itshalwe u-anyanisi ngokwesikimu esingu-45-50 x 25-30 cm. Uma ihlwanyelwa imbewu, imbewu yazo enhlabathini ayidluli ku-1 cm.
Amahlumela avela ngosuku lwe-7th. Endabeni yemigqa efakwe ilebuli, umhlabathi kumele ukhululwe ukukhulisa ukufinyelela kwe-oxygen ezimpandeni zezitshalo. Ngemuva kokwakheka kweqabunga langempela, izitshalo ziyahlungwa, kusale isitshalo esingu-1 cm ongu-10,5 cm. Okusele kusampula kungatshalwa ngokuhlukile njengezithombo.
Ukulima okuneminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala, kungcono ukutshala ama-chives kwizithombo ngokuya ngesikimu, ngokulandelana 15-20 x 4-5 cm. Uma ukutshala izithombo, imifino ingasetshenziswa ngonyaka wokutshala.
Izithombo of chives enezithombo.
AmaChives
Lapho uhlwanyela u-anyanisi on imbewu ngonyaka wokuqala, inhlabathi idedelwa ngendlela ehlelekile. Ukhula ukhula (zingakhipha amahlumela abuthakathaka), lunisele futhi luhlale lubune izithombo zezihlahla ngobumnene. Ngokwindla, izingxenye ezomile zesitshalo ziyasuswa. Ukukhula, ama-chives akha i-turf eminyene, ekhula ngohlaza okotshwe phansi komhlaba okumboza inhlabathi ngokuphelele. Isidingo sokukhulula kanye nokulinganisa bese siyanyamalala.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Eminyakeni yesibili nelandelayo, ama-chives ayondliwa okokuqala ngemuva kokusikwa kokuqala, okwenziwa lapho amaqabunga efika ku-25-40 cm ukuphakama. Ngokugqoka okungaphezulu, yenza ingilazi yomlotha nge-1 sq. m indawo noma izixazululo zokudonsa kwezinyoni (1: 20 lamanzi), umquba (1: l wamanzi). Ngemuva kokugqoka okungaphezulu, izitshalo kufanele zigezwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Uma kungekho lutho lwe-organic, ungondla izitshalo ngama-nitrofos, azophos noma kemira ngesilinganiso esingu-40-100 g / sq. m indawo ngokuya ngezinga lokukhula kwezitshalo. Ukugqokwa kwesibili okuphezulu ngomanyolo wamaminerali kwenziwa ngemuva kokusikeka okuluhlaza okwenziwe ngo-2-3. Ngendlela, ukugqoka okungaphezulu kwesibili nokwalandela kwemihlabathi evundile kungashiywa uma ukukhula okuluhlaza okujwayelekile kuyinto evamile.
Ukunisela chives
Lesi siko si-chowder samanzi; sidinga ukuthambisa okuhlelekile. Inhlabathi kufanele ihlale inomswakama, kepha ingagcotshwa ngamanzi. Uma usuphuze ukuchelela, ama-chives ashiya eqinile futhi aphelelwe ukunambitheka kwawo. Kulokhu, imifino eluhlaza engaphezulu komhlaba iyanqunywa futhi inhlabathi ayivunyelwe ukuba yome kamuva.
Greenery
Ngonyaka chitha u-2-3, kwesinye isikhathi ukusikeka okungu-4. Amaqabunga e-chives asikwa lapho kukhula 25 cm cm (kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo). Ukuqalwa kokuqala kuvame ukwenziwa maphakathi no-Meyi, kanti okokugcina kucishe kube yingxenye yesibili kaSepthemba ukuze izitshalo zibe nesikhathi sokukhula ziqine ngemuva kokusika imifino.
Ngomnyaka owodwa wokutshala kulinywe, ukusikeka kwenziwa ngesikhathi sonyaka, futhi entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo, izitshalo zibunjiwe ngokuphelele futhi zisetshenziselwa ukudla nama-anyanisi ama-pan. Isiko litshalwe ngezithombo endaweni entsha.
Ngokutshala isikhathi eside, ukumba ama-chives kwenziwa iminyaka engama-3-5, kusetshenziswa ingxenye yezitshalo ukukhiqiza kabusha, kanti okunye kufakwa ekudleni.
Bush of chives ngesikhathi zomAmaChives awakwazi ukucutshungulwa kuma-greens nganoma yikuphi amalungiselelo. Empeleni ayiguli futhi ayonakaliswa yizinambuzane.
AmaChives
Njengazo zonke izilimo ezihlala zisetshenzisiwe, ama-chives asatshalaliswa ngokutshala imbewu, ukutshala ama, izithombo kanye nokuhlukanisa isihlahla.
Ukusakazwa kwe-anyanisi ngembewu
Imbewu ye-chives, iqhubeke nokusebenza iminyaka emi-2, ukuhluma kwayo okulandelayo kuncishiswe kakhulu. Ngokutshala isikhathi eside, ukusakazeka okuzenzakalelayo kwenzeka, uma amabhokisi enganqunywanga ngesikhathi ngaphambi kokuqhekeka. Ungahlwanyela imbewu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngasekupheleni kukaMashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, ngoJulayi nasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ngo-Okthoba. Ezinyangeni zokuqala, izitshalo zinomusa omkhulu, zidinga ukunakekelwa okuphathelene nobuhlungu, ukuthambisa okuningi ngaphandle kokuqina kwamanzi. Kusebenza ngokwengeziwe ukusabalalisa isiko ngezithombo noma ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla.
Ukukhula chives
Imbewu entsha engxenyeni yokuqala kaMashi, ngemuva kokufakwa emanzini nsuku zonke, ihlwanyelwa ekujuleni kuka-0.5-1.0 cm emabhokisini alungiselelwe ane-substrate emanzi. Mboza ngefilimu. Amahlumela avela ngezinsuku ezingama-3-5. Izinga lokushisa ligcinwa lilinganiselwe, alikho ngaphezu kuka + 18 ... + 20 * C. Ukunisela kancane. Ukuhlwanyela okuncane kuncishisiwe esigabeni 1 saleliqabunga, kodwa kungcono ukuhlwanyela imbewu akuvami lapho. Esigabeni samaqabunga ayi-2 eqiniso, izithombo zezinsuku ezingama-50-60 ubudala zitshalelwe endaweni ehlala njalo. Iphethini yokutshala: 35-40 cm phakathi kwemigqa nama-20-25 cm emugqeni phakathi kwezitshalo. Ngonyaka wokuqala, ungachitha ukusikeka okungu-1-2 ngokukhula okusebenzayo. Kusuka onyakeni wesi-2, ama-anyanisi aqhakaza. Sika imifino inyuke iye ku-3 - 4 ngesizini.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwe-Bush
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele ezikhulayo, ama-chives angamboza ngokuphelele inhlabathi ngamasethi akhula kakhulu. Ukukhiqizwa kwesisindo esingaphezulu komhlaba kuyancishiswa. Ngakho-ke, u-anyanisi endaweni eyodwa ukhule iminyaka engama-3-5 futhi utshalwe kabusha, uhlukanisa izihlahla ezingxenyeni eziningana. Ngemuva kokunisela okuningi, isihlahla sinqunywa sisuka ngaphansi ekujuleni kuka-12- 15 cm. Ngokuvamile, ekutshaleni, isihlahla sihlukaniswa sibe izingxenye zo-anyanisi abangu-2-3 ngokwahlukana. Uma kunamakhisi amaningi, amanye anyanisi asetshenziswa njengokudla. Ngendlela, ngesikhathi sokutshala izihlahla ezinkulu, ungamba ngokuphepha bese usebenzisa ingxenye yamabhulethi ukudla. Ukutshala nokunakekela izabelo ziyefana nalapho kusatshalaliswa ezinye izitshalo.
Umnsalo wejubane, noma ama-chives (i-Allium schoenoprasum).
Izinhlobo ezithandwayo zamashise
Emgqumeni ophakathi nendawo nasezindaweni ezibandayo kakhulu zaseRussia, izinhlobo zemifino anyanisi zibekwa emhlabathini ovulekile futhi ovikelekile:
- Amakhemikhali;
- Isitshalo sezinyosi;
- IMosco enobuqili;
- IVelta;
- Bohemia
- Prague;
- Khibinsky;
- Elvi
- Isithwathwa sevithamini;
- IsiSiberia
- I-Crocus
- I-Albion.
Izinhlobonhlobo zama-chives, iCrocus, i-Elvi, iKhemikhali, i-Bohemia ne-Albion zibhalwe kuRegional State of Izinhloboees.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezimbotshana, iBohemia neMedonos zikhula kahle kakhulu ngama-perennials, kanti uKhemikhali - oneminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala, athathe isivuno sonke ngonyaka olandelayo. Ngokunambitha, i-Chemal ingeyezinhlobo ezibukhali, kepha ayizinzile ku-Downy hlobo. Ukuze uthole isivuno sokuqala sama-Vitamin greens, izinhlobonhlobo zePrague kufanelekile. I-Bohemia ithandiwa iminyaka eminingi yokulima, ngoba ayithinteki izifo. I-Khibinsky yakha ama-inflorescence amahle ama-hues ansomi, afaneleka kakhulu njenge-perennial. Endaweni eyodwa iminyaka engama-5-7, kwakha isivuno sekhwalithi ephezulu sezinto ezibucayi.
Abafuyi bahlakulele izinhlobo zokuhlobisa anyanisi epanini lokufakwa izimbali nokubekwa emngceleni:
- Qeda
- EMoscow;
- Elvi
- I-albhamu;
- I-Forescate
Izinhlobo ezi-2 zokugcina zamashizi zakha ama-inflorescence amahle kakhulu wezimbali ezimhlophe nezikhanyayo ezibomvana. Ukuhlobisa kusuka ngoMeyi kuye ekwindla sekwephuzile emingceleni ephansi. U-Elvi ukhule njengesitshalo semifino nomhlobiso. Izinhlobonhlobo zakha ama-inflorescence amhlophe.
Bafundi abathandekayo! Mhlawumbe sekuyisikhathi eside ujwayela ama-chives, uwasebenzise njengemifino kanye nesiko lokuhlobisa. Yabelana ngamazwana ngokusetshenziswa kwayo ngezinjongo zokwelapha, ekuphekeni kanye nasezimfihlakalo zokukhulisa lolu luhlaza obumnandi be-vitamin.
