Isikhwama sikamalusi, noma isikhwama - ukhula oluhlwabusayo

Isikhwama Somalusi, noma isikhwama (ICapsella) - uhlobo lwezitshalo ezi-herbaceous ezivela emndenini weKlabishi (Brassicaceae) Utshani besikhwama somelusi usetshenziswa kabanzi emithini yesintu nakwisayensi, kufaka phakathi i-hentatic agent. Kusetshenziswa isikhwama sikaMelusi ekuphekeni kwezizwe ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba.

Izinhlobo ezidume kunazo zonke yisikhwama sikaMelusi esijwayelekile, noma iSumochnik ezejwayelekile - isitshalo esisakazwa kabanzi engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia. Ezindaweni ezitshaliwe kungokhula okuvamile. Intwasahlobo yonyaka, nayo ingakhula ibe njengobusika.

Kancane mayelana nesihloko

Igama lesayensi lesiLatini liyi-tautological (okungukuthi, liphinda igama lesiRussia): igama elijwayelekile ngu-lat.ICapsella - Ukuncipha kwe-capsa -isikhwamalibonisa ukwakheka kwezithelo; Izinhlobo epithet bursa-pastoris - ngokweqinisoisikhwama somalusi.

Isikhwama Somalusi sijwayelekile, noma isikhwama sikaMelusi (uCapsella bursa-pastoris). © Ryunosuke Kuromitsu

Amanye amagama Russian -rezhuha, uchungechunge, totkun.

U-N.I. Annenkov encwadini yakhe ethi Botanical Dictionary ubala amanye amagama endawo aseRussia:ugogo, isigaxa, iso lomndlunkulu, iphalishi, undlunkulu, undabamlonyeni, insimu ye-buckwheat, isihlahla esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, amehlo ansundu, i-eye chizuy, isihlahla semali, i-savage, i-zabiraha, zosulnyk, isikhwama semali utshani, i-scrotum, i-scrotum, amabhere ama-teddy, utshani bukamalusi, utshani, i-ryuha, isithombo sehlathi, inhliziyo yotshani, izinhliziyo, inyathi, i-syrika, imicibisholo, utshani obomile, udoti we-pot-potion, i-tashenka, i-yarut, i-cherevel, isibungu esi-spruce, izinhlobo- izibungu (isb. kuvela kwizikelemu).

Amagama esikhwama saseFrance: Nikeza inkulumo pasteur, bourse-à-pasteurIsiNgisi: Isikhwama Somelusi, isikhwama sikamalusi, IsiSlovak: Kapsička pastierskaIsiJalimane: I-HirtentäschelIsi-Czech: Kokoška pastuší, pastuší tobolkaI-Italian: I-BorsapastoreIsiPutukezi: Umfundisi weBolsa do, u-Erva do bom umfundisiISpanishi: Umfundisi weBolsa de, umfundisi kaZurrón de - wonke la magama asho futhi isikhwama somalusi.

Isikhwama Somalusi sijwayelekile, noma isikhwama sikaMelusi (uCapsella bursa-pastoris). © AnneTanne

I-morphology kanye ne-biology yezikhwama zabelusi

Ukubukeka kwePolymorphic. Isiqu sezikhwama zabelusi zinezikhala ezingama-20-60 cm ukuphakama, kulula noma okuhlwanyelwe. Spindle izimpande. Amaqabunga aphansi kuhlu lwe-basal, ukusuka kulo lonke kuya kolwelwesi; amaqabunga esiqu ayingcosana, ayimpuphu, acwengekile noma ayenele; ongaphezulu acishe alayini, abe nesisekelo somumo womcibisholo. I-inflorescence iyi-brashi evulekile, izimbali zingama-actinomorphic, amacembe ama-4, amhlophe. Izithelo zabelusi besikhwama yi-pod, emuva-unxantathu, enomumo wenhliziyo, onokwahlukaniswa okuncane. Ukukhiqiza - kufika ku-70,000 imbewu ngesitshalo ngasinye. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu wokuhluma kwembewu ngu-15- 26 ° C, ubuncane buyi-1-2 ° C, okuphezulu kungama-32-34 ° C. Amahlumela avela ngoMashi-Meyi, okwesibili - ngo-Agasti-Septhemba, izitshalo zasehlobo zasekwindla. Izinhlobo zasebusika zezikhwama zabelusi ziyaqhakaza ngoMashi-Meyi, entwasahlobo - ngoJuni-Julayi, zikhiqiza izithelo ngoJuni-Septhemba. Imbewu esanda kuvuthwa inokuhluma okuphansi. Ukuhluma kwembewu kwenzeka kusuka ekujuleni okungadluli ku-2-3 cm.

Abelusi basakaza izikhwama

Isikhwama Somelusi - isitshalo se-cosmopolitan. Itholakala kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezishisayo. Kusatshalaliswa kuyo yonke i-USSR yangaphambili emikhakheni yezolimo esenyakatho.

Isikhwama sikaMelusi sitholakala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi, sinikeza okuthandwa ukukhululeka. Esifundeni se-taiga, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yayo esenyakatho, esinye sokhula olubi, ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni zezitshalo zasebusika, ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu, ikakhulukazi isitshalo esinokhahlo.

Isikhwama Somalusi sijwayelekile, noma isikhwama sikaMelusi (uCapsella bursa-pastoris). © USusanne Wiik

Inani lezomnotho

Ukhula ezitshalweni zobusika nasentwasahlobo okusanhlamvu, izitshalo zomugqa, utshani obudliwayo, emafini, ezingadini, ezingadini. Njenge-ruderal - ezindaweni ezinamatshe, emigwaqweni nasezindaweni zokulahla udoti.

Izindlela zokuzivikela: ukukhwebhela ekujuleni kuka-6 cm ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvunwa, ngemuva kokuhluma kwembewu yesikhwama somelusi - ukulima ekwindla. Entwasahlobo - ukutshalwa kokubhujiswa kwama-rosettets wokhula oguquliwe. Ezilwanyweni zezilimo ezilandelwayo - phakathi kwezintambo kulinywe.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zikamalusi ekuphekeni

Amaqabunga esitshalo esincane entwasahlobo anamavithamini amaningi, asetshenziselwa ukwenza amasobho, ama-borscht, amasaladi futhi njengokugcwaliswa kophaya.

E-China, isikhwama somelusi sifakwa njengesitshalo semifino esingenakuthengiswa ezweni elibi lokungcola, kunezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Kulokhu, igama elilodwa lezitshalo ngesiNgisi -I-cress yaseChina (IsiShayina samanzi).

EJapan naseNdiya, amaqabunga esikhwama somalusi athelwa ngenyama, engezwe kuma-broth. Ama-greens amadala anika umhluzi umsoco nokunambitha. Amazambane ahlikiwe enziwe ngamahlamvu abilisiwe. Amaqabunga owomile futhi ochotshoziwe anezela ekunambithekeni kwezitsha zenyama nezinhlanzi.

ECaucasus, ngokushesha nje emva kokuncibilika kweqhwa, amaqabunga amancane ezikhwama zabelusi ayaqoqwa, lapho kulungiswa khona amasaladi, asetshenziswe njenge-bacon nesipinashi se-vinaigrette.

EFrance, imifino ethambile yalesi sitshalo iyisici esibalulekile samasaladi abilayo.

Imbewu yesikhwama esingaphansi kwesisekelo sabelusi singasetshenziswa esikhundleni sesinaphi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zomalusi kwezokwelapha

Ngenhloso yezokwelapha, sebenzisa utshani besitshalo obuqukethe i-rhamnoglycoside hyposin, i-Sorbic acid, i-tannins, i-fumaric, i-malic, i-citric ne-tartaric acid: i-choline, i-acetylcholine, i-tyramine, i-inoside, i-ascorbic acid. Amafutha anamafutha afinyelela ku-28% kanti inani elincane lamafutha e-allyl lwesinaphi atholakala ezinhlanyelweni.

Izikhwama zotshani zingabelusi ngoJuni - Julayi, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali, zomiswe ngaphandle emthunzini noma endaweni enomoya omuhle. Izinto eziluhlaza ezilungele ukusetshenziswa - ukhipha izingongolo ezingama-30 - 40 cm amaqabunga aluhlaza, izimbali ezimhlophe qwa, nephunga elimnandi, ukunambitheka okumunyu. Izinkomba zokufaneleka ezilandelayo zezinto zokwenziwa ezibunjiweyo ziyacatshangelwa: okuqukethwe komswakama okungabi ngaphezu kwe-13%, kuhlangana nezimpande noma izimpande ngokwehlukana nezingxenye ezihlikihliwe ezidlula ngesihlungo esine-3mm hole, okuthintwe yisikhunta - hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-5%, ukungcola okuphathekayo - hhayi ngaphezu kwe-2%, amaminerali - hhayi ngaphezulu ngaphezu kwe-1%. Igcwele izikhwama noma amabhali ka-25-100 kg gross. Isidingo sezinto zokusetshenziswa asilungile.