UViolet noma uSantapaulia luhlobo lomndeni wakwaGesneriev. Kukhula kusendle ezindaweni zezintaba zaseMpumalanga Afrika. Kwatholakala usosayensi uSanta-Paul, igama lakhe lahlonishwa. Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo eziningi ziyahlukaniswa kusuka kulesi sitshalo, okuyinto ebanzi engadini engaphakathi.
Imininingwane ejwayelekile
IViolet iyi-perennial esezingeni eliphansi, enesiqu esifushane kakhulu nenani elikhulu lamaqabunga anenyama. Izimbali zincanyana, zilula, ziqoqwe ngebhulashi. Ukukhethwa kwanamuhla kukwazile ukuzalanisa izinhlobo ezinombala ohluke kakhulu nokwakheka kwama-petals.
Eqinisweni, i-senpolia engaphakathi akuyona i-violet nhlobo, ibizwa kanjalo ngenxa yokufana kwayo ne-violet yehlathi kanye ne-tricolor - pansies, empeleni bavela emindenini ehlukene.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-senpolis kuyinkimbinkimbi kunalokho, ngakho-ke sizonikeza kuphela izici ezijwayelekile. Izici ezihlukaniswa ngama-violets yilezi: uhlobo lokukhishwa, ubukhulu baso, umbala wamahlamvu, uhlobo lwmbali kanye nombala wayo, kanye nenani lamaphalishi.
Izinhlobo eziningi zesimanje zihluke kakhulu kuma-violets asekamelweni elijwayelekile, zinobumba obuhlukile bamaqabunga, kanti amacembe afana ne-corrugated noma aphindwe kabili.
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezihlotshiswe kakhulu zithandwa Ama-Duchess, amadeus, isithwathwa esineqhwa, iphupho le-cinderella, Isadora, angelica, isi-Lithuanian nabanye.
Futhi lapha iphunga elimnandi futhi ungummeleli wama-violets wangempela, hhayi i-senpole. Futhi i-alpine violet empeleni yi-cyclamen.
Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kweViolet
Ukunakekelwa kahle kwe-violet kuzosiza ukujabulela ukuqhakaza kwayo cishe unyaka wonke.
AmaSenpolias akuthanda kakhulu ukukhanya, kepha awanakubekwa elangeni eliqondile. Akusabeki ukuthi ukukhanya kuzokwehlela kubo ekuseni noma kusihlwa, kepha uma ilanga liphendukela kubo ntambama, amaqabunga ayovutha.
Ukuqhakaza kuqhume ngokugcwele, udinga amahora asemini amahora angama-13. Uma lo mthetho ubonwa, ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kungatholakala ngisho nasebusika.
Lapho ikholomu iwela kwi-thermometer engaphansi kuka-15 ° C, i-senpolia iyayeka ukukhula. Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa elihle lembali lizoba ngu-24 ° C. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa lingase lehle kancane, kepha hhayi ngaphansi kwephuzu elikhonjisiwe.
Futhi, ukweqa okushisa okubukhali kanye okusalungiswa akufanele kuvunyelwe. Ngenxa yalesi sici, i-senpolia kungcono ukungahambi ehlobo.
UViolet udinga umswakama ophezulu, kepha awukwazi ukuthola amanzi ngamahlamvu kanye nama-inflorescence.
Amandla wokufika udinga ukuthatha okuncane. Uma kunesikhala esiningi ebhodweni, i-violet ngeke iqhume ize igcwaliswe izimpande. Kulesi sitshalo, amabhodwe amancane epulasitiki afanelekile, ubukhulu bawo kufanele bube buncane izikhathi ezingama-2-3 kunesitolo.
I-Ground yama-violets
Ama-violets asendlini ajwayelekile awadingi kakhulu emhlabathini, kodwa ngokuhlukahluka kufanele ukhethe isendlalelo esifanele. Ungayithenga esitolo, noma ungayenza ngokwakho ngokuxhuma ingxenye yengxenye yomhlaba we-turf, amasheya amabili weqabunga, ne-humus eyodwa nesihlabathi esisodwa. Kufanele futhi ufake i-spoonful ye-superphosphate nesidlo esithile sethambo.
Kepha okubaluleke kakhulu, inhlabathi kumele ibe nokukhululeka futhi ibe ne-acidic encane. Ungqimba wokudonsa amanzi kufanele lubekwe ezansi ebhodweni.
Ukunisela ama-violets
Lapho ukutshala, imbali ibekwa enkabeni yesitsha bese kancane kancane igcwaliswa ngumhlaba, ukuze kungabikho zimpawu ezisele. Ngemuva kokutshala, nisela isitshalo.
Ukunisela i-violets akudingekile kaningi, cishe kanye ngezinsuku eziyi-7-10. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ukuthambisa okuphansi. Sebenzisa amanzi agcinwe kahle, afudumele.
Ama-violets angakwazi, futhi uma amaqabunga engcolile, afafazwe futhi ahlanjiwe. Kepha ngaphambi kokwenza lezi zinqubo, imbali kufanele isuswe efasiteleni. Ngemuva kokufafaza noma ukugeza, umuntu akufanele futhi aphuthume ukubeka i-violet endaweni yayo - linda kuze kube uyoma, uma kungenjalo amabala azokwakheka ngamahlamvu.
Umanyolo we-violets
Futhi, i-senpolia idinga ukuvundiswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha ukugqoka okuphezulu okuyinkimbinkimbi, okuqala ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokwanda kwesisindo esiluhlaza. Umanyolo uyaqhubeka kuze kube sekufeni kokuphela, imvamisa - kanye ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngokunisela.
Kuyalulekwa ukuthi usebenzise umanyolo ophansi womanyolo kunalokho okushiwo kwimiyalo.
Ukudluliselwa kukaViolet ekhaya
Ama-violets asendlini adinga ukufakelwa konyaka, ngoba aqeda inhlabathi ngonyaka. Kulokhu, udinga ukufaka imbiza esikhundleni kuphela uma ubona izimpawu zokuthi imbali ayinayo indawo eyanele (ukuqothuka kwamaqabunga, ukuqhakaza okubuthaka).
Kungcono ukufaka izitshalo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngokudluliselwa, ukuze izimpande zingathinteki ikakhulukazi.
I-Wolip ye-Nipping
Ama-violets ahle ekuhlanganiseni, kepha ukuze andise ukuhlobisa kwawo kudingeka ukuthi ancishwe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngamaqabunga aphansi. Zingahlulwa kanye ne-petioles, ngoba ngokushesha ziphela futhi zithatha kuphela amandla imbali. Kufanele futhi ulahle ama-inflorescence avilaphayo namahlamvu amabi n aphuzi.
Kwesinye isikhathi jikisa isitshalo ukuze isihlahla sikhule ngokulinganayo.
Kancane kancane, ngemuva kokususwa kwamaqabunga aphansi, isiqu se-senpolia sizobonakala futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi siyobonakala kuphela. Ukugcina imbali intle, njengakuqala, ungayifaka ngokujula isiqu sayo enhlabathini noma unqume wonke amaqabunga, ishiye amasentimitha ambalwa kuphela esiqu.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, isiphunzi esisele ngemuva kokuthathwa sibekwe emanzini kuze kwakheka impande futhi itshalwe enhlabathini, ngaleyo ndlela kutholakala esinye isitshalo.
Ukusakazwa kwama-violets ngokwehlukana
ISenpolia ingasakazwa ngembewu, ama-rosette kanye neqabunga. Indlela yembewu ayisetshenziswa neze ngenxa yobulukhuni bayo, futhi futhi ngenxa yokuthi, imbali izolahlekelwa yizimpawu zokuhlukahluka futhi uzothola i-violet ejwayelekile.
Uma isitshalo sakho sikhule kakhulu bese ama-rosette amasha eqala ukwakha phezu kwayo, lapho-ke adinga ukuhlukaniswa futhi atshalwe kwezinye iziqukathi. Ungenza ukuhlukaniswa ngisho nangezimbali.
Ukusakazeka kwamaqabunga e-Violets
Indlela ejwayelekile futhi elula yokukhulisa ama-violets aqabunga. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha iqabunga eliqinile ne-petiole bese ubeka emanzini ukuze wakhe izimpande. Kepha ungazama ukutshala ngokushesha iqabunga elingaphansi kwesihlabathi, inhlabathi eshidi ne-peat (4: 2: 1). Lesi sithako simbozwe ngengilazi futhi sigcinwa sifudumele futhi sikhanya kahle, kodwa ukuze imisebe eqondile ingawi esitsheni.
Kwesinye isikhathi inhlabathi idinga ukuniselwa, kepha kuphela ukuze ibe nomswakama omncane. Kuyenzeka ukuthi ishidi liqala ukufiphala noma liguquke. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, asikho isidingo sokujaha bese ulahla impahla - kwesinye isikhathi kuthatha isikhathi eside ukwakha isitshalo esisha.
Uma ngokuvela kwamahlamvu amancane, iqabunga elidala lisesimweni esihle, khona-ke kufanele sinqunywe. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungazama nokuyisebenzisa ukukhiqiza kabusha.
Uma ususa iqabunga emhlabathini, khona-ke awukwazi ukubheka ukwakheka kwezimpande, kepha ijubane lokubonakala kwazo nethuba lokuthola i-violet entsha liyakhula.
Isifo seViolet
I-senpolia ejwayelekile imelana nezifo, kepha izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlukahlukene azinamandla kangako kulokhu.
- Isifo esijwayelekile esithinta ama-violets yi-powdery hlobo. Ibonakala ngokugoba okumhlophe emaqabunga ezitshalo. Uma kutholakala isifo, sincoma ukusebenzisa iFundazole noma iBentlan.
- Ukulimala okufika emuva kudala ukubola kwezimpande nokwenziwa kwezindawo ezinsundu kumahlamvu. Uma isitshalo sigula, kufanele sibhujiswe bese isitsha esitshalwe kuwo kumele sihlanzwe.
- Ukugoba okumpunga kwakha amabala grey emzimbeni wesitshalo. Uma kukhona otholakalayo, kufanele anqunywe ngokushesha bese i-fungicide ilashwa. Umhlabathi lapho izitshalo ezinezifo ezingene kuwo ukhule ungasasetshenziswa.
- IFuraziosis ivela ngomswakama obedlulele. Kuholela ekuboshweni kwesiqu namathanga amaqabunga. Uma ubona lezi zimpawu, phatha i-violet ngesikhunta.
- Ukugqwala kuvela njengamabala amancane e-orange emaqabungeni. Ukwelapha imbali, sebenzisa isixazululo esingu-1% se-sulfate yethusi.
Izinambuzane ze-violets
- Phakathi kwezinambuzane zama-violets, imikhaza iyingozi ikakhulukazi. Kuyathinteka izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zalesi parasite. Uma kutholakala izinambuzane, ama-cobwebs kulawo amahlamvu noma amabala ansundu kubonakala edliwa, aphathe imbali nge-acaricide.
- Futhi "isivakashi" esivamile yizingcabha, ezishiya ngemuva koketshezi olunamathelayo emaqabungeni. Uma kutholakala uphawu, phatha imbali nge-Agravertin.
- Ama-thrips amosha amaqabunga nezimbali zezitshalo. Uma zilimala nge-senpolia yakho, khona-ke zonke izimbali kufanele zinqunywe, futhi nesitshalo ngokwaso kufanele siphathwe nge-Actara.
- Uma imbali yakho ishaywa ngama-nematode, khona-ke izoqala ukubola. Le nqubo ifana nesifo se-grey bola, kepha uma itheleleke nge-nematode, akukho thango lokukhunta. Ngokunqotshwa kwaleli gciwane, isitshalo siyachithwa.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
Imibuzo evame kakhulu maqondana ne-violet yangaphakathi ihlobene nokuntuleka kokuqhakaza, uphuzi wamahlamvu kanye nokugquma kwamaqabunga.
