I-Dogwood (UCornus) ingeyamalungu omndeni omkhulu womndeni wakwaKizilov, inani labamele kulo elilinganiselwa kwabayisihlanu. I-Dogwood imvamisa ingumuthi oqabulayo noma isihlahla eside. Igama elithi "i-dogwood" uqobo lingene olimini lwaseRussia kusuka olimini lwesiTürkic, lisho nje ukuthi "bomvu", ngoba iningi lezithelo ze-dogwood zingezombala obomvu. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngendlela yokulima i-dogwood esakhiweni somuntu siqu nangezinhlobo zazo ezithandwa kakhulu.
I-Dogwood (iCornus mas).
I-Jogra nomlando wokusabalalisa wezinja
IFoodwood ivame ukutholakala endaweni yemvelo eSouthern Europe, empumalanga yayo, futhi ikhula eCaucasus, China, Japan, kanye naseAsia Minor.
Lesi yisiko elinomlando ocebile, ngokwesiko kube yisikhathi eside kakhulu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi vele e-Old Roma nase-Greek Greece i-dogwood yayikhuliswe ngokuqondile njengesitshalo esitshaliwe, ngisho nomsebenzi wokuqala wokukhetha wenziwa lapho, owawuqukethe ukukhethwa kwezithelo zezitshalo ezinkulu kakhulu ezinezinombolo zezithombo nokusakazwa kwazo okwalandela.
Enkabeni yeRussia, njengesitshalo esitshaliwe, i-dogwood yaqala ukukhula kungekudala - ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18. UTsar Aleksey Mikhailovich ubesenza umsebenzi wokutshala nokusabalalisa izinkuni kulo lonke elaseRussia (singasho uzakwabo uMichurin, naye obezithanda zonke izinhlobo zezimangaliso). Inkosi yakhuluma ngokoqobo nge-dogwood njenge-panacea, yathi ukwenqatshelwa kwezithelo zalesi sitshalo kungalapha zonke izifo ngaphandle kokucabanga futhi kudlulele nobusha besilisa.
Abokufika bokuqala abafika eMelika basebenzise izinkuni njengezithupha zamazinyo, kuyilapho abomdabu bekuthola kucace kakhudlwana - benza imicibisholo kusuka amahlumela enja.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ukhuni oluqinile, kepha oluhlanganisayo lwalesi sitshalo lwaqala ukusetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwama-shuttle looms, lwafika lapho lukhona lapho kwakhiwa izibambo zeminyango, kanye nokusingathwa kwabangqongqozayo. Baze benza nomjaho odumile womhlaba wonke.
Bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi imbali ye-dogwood iwuphawu lweBritish Columbia, futhi isitshalo esinezimbali uqobo sibhekwa njengesemthethweni ezifundeni zaseVirginia neMissouri.
Incazelo ye-botanical ye-dogwood
Ezweni lethu, kubanzi futhi kukhule ngenkuthalo, noma kukhiqizwa kuphela abalimi abazimele, izinja zangasese, noma, njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi, izinja zesilisa.
Lesi sihlahla somdwebo noma isihlahla esincane, esifana nokubukeka kwelangabi lekhandlela, singakwazi ukukhuphuka ngamamitha amathathu, linamahlumela apendwe ngemibala ebomvu ngokubomvu, kwesinye isikhathi acwebezelayo futhi abambeke kancane ngaphansi kwesisindo sesilimo. Amaqabunga akhanya impela, aluhlaza, abhekene namahlumela, awekho kaningi ngokulandelana okulandelayo, futhi, iqiniso, i-dogwood ivelele ngezimbali zayo eziphuzi eziqhakaza eziqhakaza kakhulu kunamaqabunga, lapho kuvame ukuba khona iqhwa. Ukuqhakaza, kuya ngesimo sezulu esingaphandle kwewindi, kungahlala izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezine kuya emasontweni ambalwa.
Eduzane nekwindla, kwakheka izithelo ze-dogwood, ngokuvamile zinesimo sebhodlela, kepha kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo esizokhuluma ngazo ekugcineni kwendatshana, zingaba-oval futhi zibe umdweshu wamaparele. Imvamisa, izithelo zibomvu, kepha zingaba bomvu obumnyama (abacishe babe mnyama) futhi ziphuzi. Izithelo zilenga emagatsheni isikhathi eside futhi zingawa, ngakho-ke isivuno singavunwa ngamaqhinga ambalwa nje, noma ngabe ulindela ukuvuthwa okugcwele kwazo zonke izithelo, bese ubanyakazisa emgqonyeni wokuqothula ungaqoqa isivuno esikhulu.
I-Dogwood imnandi impela, yize iningizimu ekude ikhula, ushukela omningi uqongelela ezithelweni, kepha ngisho enkabeni yeRussia iyakwazi ukukhululeka, ithambo kuphela, elihlala cishe isigamu sezipuni zezithelo, liyaphazamisa kancane.
IFoodwood ithathwa njengesitshalo esingamelana neqhwa, amabanga amathathu ngaphansi kwe-zero ayesabisi kuyo, kepha uma ibanda kakhulu, khona-ke amathiphu amahlumela ayoqala aqandeke kuqala, bese kuthi i-frostbite yehle ibe yaphansi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi isitshalo esisodwa siphila futhi sithela ikhulu leminyaka.
I-Dogwood (iCornus mas).
Ukufika kwe-Dogwood
Isikhathi sokufika
Ukutshala i-dogwood, enikezwe "ukuvuswa" kwayo ekuqaleni, kungcono ekwindla - kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, noma ngabe awunaso isikhathi, khona-ke izithombo zingabiwa futhi zitshaleke entwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho umhlabathi uncibilika kancane futhi ungasebenza nazo.
Ukukhetha indawo yokuhlala izinkuni
Zama ukukhetha indawo okungeyona evuleke kakhulu, kodwa futhi engenamibala; inketho engcono kakhulu ngumthunzi olinganiselwe okhanya ntambama. Kuyamangalisa uma ohlangothini lwasenyakatho i-dogwood izovikeleka ngodonga lwendlu, uthango noma esinye isakhiwo, noma isihlahla esinomqhele omnyama, ngokwesibonelo, isithwathwa seqhwa, okuthi, njengoba wazi, singafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayisishiyagalombili.
Inhlabathi yezinja
IFoodwood ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi isitshalo esifunwa kakhulu enhlabathini, kodwa izokhula kahle kakhulu, futhi, ngakho-ke, isivuno singaphakama ngangokunokwenzeka uma utshala izithombo emhlabathini lapho kufakwa khona ilimu eliningi lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nangaphansi komhlaba.
Kulokhu, i-cornel ingaba khona ngisho nasemhlabathini we-acidic, eduze, isibonelo, kuma-blueberries, kepha lapho-ke kuyodingeka ukhohlwe ezithela ezinkulu
I-Dogwood landing iphethini
Ukuze i-dogwood ingaphazamisi kungaba ngomakhelwane bayo noma ngokwayo, kuyadingeka ukuyitshala kusuka ezitshalweni ezifanayo ze-dogwood, uthango, indlu nezinye izitshalo, ibuya cishe ngamamitha amahlanu, okungenani amane. Ukuze ube nezithelo ezingcono, ungatshali yisithombo esisodwa kuphela esiqeshini, kodwa umbhangqwana, kuba kuhle uma zihlukahlukene, kepha ziqhakaza ngasikhathi sinye.
Ungatshala kanjani i-dogwood kahle?
Imvamisa, kukhethwe izithombo ezineminyaka emibili ubudala zokutshala, lolu ukhetho oluhamba phambili kumanani nentengo yokusinda. Ngokufanelekile, ukuphakama kwawo kufanele kube amamitha owodwa nesigamu (plus noma ukukhipha amasentimitha amasentimitha), izithombo kufanele zibe namagatsha ambalwa, futhi isiqu sobubanzi kufanele sifinyelele amasentimitha ambalwa.
Njengawo wonke amasiko, i-dogwood itshalwe kulungiso lwakudala, okungukuthi, igwetshwe kufosholo eligcwele lwe-bayonet, idalulwe, inwetshwe inhlabathi, lapho ilethwa khona: isipuni se-nitroammophoska ngemitha yesikwele, 250-300 g yokhuni lomlotha nebhakede le-humus.
Kulomhlabathi, kuyadingeka ukwenza imigodi yokufika ikhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-30 ngaphezulu kwevolumu yohlelo lwempande lukakhonkolo. Phansi komgodi udinga ukubeka udaka olwandisiwe ngobukhulu bamasentimitha ambalwa, ubeke inqwaba yenhlabathi enempilo (uhhafu webhakede) elihlanganiswe nomthamo ofanayo we-humus kanye nomlotha wezinkuni ngaphezulu. Okulandelayo, udinga ukuthulula le ndunduma bese ufaka izithombo ze-dogwood kuso, usabalalisa izimpande ngokucophelela. Ngemuva kwalokho sifafaza izimpande ze-yisithombo ngomhlabathi, siwuthulise, siwunisele bese sihlanganisa izithombo zezihlahla nge-humus (ungqimba 2 cm wokutshala kwentwasahlobo kanye nesendlalelo esikabili sokwindla).
Uma isithombo sikhulu, khona-ke sidinga ukufakwa kwesikhonkwane sokusekela. Njalo faka isikhonkwane ngasohlangothini olusenyakatho bese ubopha isixhaxha kuyo nge-twine ("ayisishiyagalombili" ukuze kungabikho mingcele).
Kubalulekile! Lapho utshala, intamo yezimpande ye-dogwood (indawo lapho izimpande ziguqulela esiqwini) kufanele ibe ngamasentimitha amathathu noma amane ngaphezulu kwezinga lomhlabathi, noma ngabe esezinzile.
Ngokuqondene nesihlahla emva kokutshala, abanye abalimi bayakwenza, abanye abakwenzi, mina uqobo ngeke ngincome, lesi sitshalo sizokhula ngendlela evamile ngaphandle kwaso. Vele, uma kutholakala amahlumela aphukile, kufanele asuswe.
Ukuqhakaza kwezinja.
Ukunakekelwa Kwezinja
Ukunakekelwa okuthe xaxa akunzima ngokuphelele, i-dogwood ayidingi i-trellis, isekela, kwesinye isikhathi ayidingi kuthambisa ngeminyaka emanzi, kepha imisebenzi ejwayelekile isadinga ukwenziwa - lokhu kunisela kwisomiso, ukukhulula indawo esondele esifubeni, ukulawula ukhula, ukunqunywa kwendle, kanye ukondla.
Njengoba unikezwe isici esikhulu esihle se-dogwood - ukungabikho kwe-periodicity of fruiting, ungaphumula kancane futhi unakekele ngesikhathi sakho samahhala ekunakekeleni ezinye izitshalo, i-dogwood ayisetshenziselwa ukunakekelwa ngokweqile.
Ukunisela
I-Dogwood iniselwa kuphela ngezikhathi ezomile lapho kungenayo imvula futhi kushisa ngenyanga. IFoodwood idinga umswakama ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza (kodwa ngaleso sikhathi isemhlabathini, ngoba iqhwa selincibilikile kuphela), ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezithelo (le nkathi ivela ehlobo, lapho kushisa futhi yomile) kanye namasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba ikhule ngokuphelele.
Kungcono ukunisela izinkuni ekuseni noma kusihlwa, sichitha amabhakede amanzi ngaphansi kwesihlahla, emhlabathini owedlule. Ngasikhathi sinye ngokuphuza, umanyolo ungasebenza futhi. Isikhathi sokufaka isicelo somanyolo silingana ngqo nezinsuku ezibaluleke kakhulu zokunisela.
Umanyolo we-Dogwood
Isicelo sokuqala singabekwa isikhathi sokuqhakaza, khona-ke inqubo izoba kanjena: ukukhulula inhlabathi ngokususwa kwalo lonke ukhula, faka ibhokisi lokufanisa le-nitroammophoski ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye, bese unisela inhlabathi bese usibekela kalula umanyolo ngomhlabathi omusha.
Esikhathini sokubekwa kwezithelo, phosphorus ne-potassium kuyadingeka, konke ngokulandelana okufanayo, kepha esikhundleni se-nitroammophoski, i-10-15 g ye-potassium sulfate ne-8-12 g ye-superphosphate iyadingeka.
Ngemuva kokuvuna, i-dogwood ingajabulisa ngomlotha wezinkuni, ukuyibeka ngaphansi kuka-250-300 g ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye, bese ihlela ukunisela okukhokhisa amanzi kuyo, ithulule amabhakede angama-5-7 amanzi okushisa egumbi ngaphansi kwesitshalo ngasinye.
Kubalulekile! Lapho uthukulula inhlabathi endaweni eseduze ye-dogwood, ungahambi ngokujula kuka-9-11 cm, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande zingalimala, ezinye zazo zitholakala eduze komhlabathi.
Ukuthena izinja
Imvamisa, abalimi abaningi benza kuphela izihlahla zokuhlanzeka, bakwenze ngemuva kokuvunwa, imvamisa ngo-Okthoba. Lokhu kususa onke amahlumela aphukile, omile nalezo ezikhula zijule zingene kumqhele, okuholela ekuqineni kwawo ngokungenakuvinjwa. Lapho nje isikhathi se-bush sadlula iminyaka eyishumi, ungasusa wonke amahlumela alonyaka, lapho kuzovela ukukhula okuncane, lapho ungakhetha khona okuqine kakhulu.
Izithelo ze-Dogwood.
Izifo zezinja nezinambuzane
Imvamisa i-dogwood ayiguli futhi ayonakaliswa yizinambuzane, kepha ukutheleleka ngefungus eminyakeni ethile kungenza uzizwe. Okokuqala, ukugqwala, kuyazibonakalisa ngokubonakala kwezindawo eziphuzi egqabini le-corwood ye-dogwood. Uma lesi sifo sabonwa esikhathini samanje, khona-ke ekugcineni kokuqoqwa kwezithelo, umane uphathe zonke izitshalo, ngaphandle kokulinda wonke amahlamvu awele, ngo-3% weBordeaux ketshezi.
IFoodwood ihlasela isikhutha yaziwa kakhulu ngama-currants kaningi. I-Powdery mildew isiza ukwelashwa kwesibabule se-colloidal.
Imvamisa kunezinhlobo zonke zokubona, i-4% Bordeaux fluid izosiza ukubhekana nazo.
Ngokuqondene nezilokazane, kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele embonini eyodwa yezitshalo ezingama-cochlear cochlea ne-Conspillar-multiflorum. Ngokuphikisana nentuthwane yokuqala, izitshalo zingaphathwa ngesixazululo sikalamula, kanti eyesibili kuzodingeka ilwe nanoma yikuphi ukubulala izinambuzane okuvumelekile.
Ukusakazwa kwe-Dogwood
Ukusakazwa kwe-Dogwood ngembewu
Into yokuqala efika emqondweni ukuhlwanyela imbewu. Le ndlela ingabhekwa njengento ehlukile ekusakazweni kwe-dogwood, kepha kuphela ngokusakazeka kwembewu izimpawu zamafomu okuqala angeke zilondolozwe. Lapho kusakazwa imbewu, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngokushesha nje lapho imbewu isihlukanisiwe, icwilisa enhlabathini evulekile, enempilo futhi enomswakama yombhede ongu-2,5 cm cm.Imbewu ayiqhamuki ngokushesha, izothatha unyaka noma kwesinye isikhathi ngaphambi kokuvela kwezithombo emhlabathini. .
Lapho unakekela izithombo, into esemqoka ukulwa nokhula, ukuvumela izithombo ukuba zikhule ziqine. NgoJuni, zingondliwa ngesixazululo se-nitroammophoski (isipuni ebhakedeni lamanzi, okujwayelekile kusentimitha yesikwele yezithombo). Izithombo zikhula kancane, ngonyaka wokuqala zikhula ngo-6-6 cm, kuthi okwesibili zikhule ngo-11 cm cm, bese zisedluliselwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukusakazwa kwe-Dogwood ngokusika
I-Dogwood isakazeka ngokusika okungcono kakhulu, ikakhulukazi njengoba zonke izinhlamvu zayo ezihlukile zigcinwa. Ukusika (okuluhlaza okotshani) kufanele kusikwe ekuqaleni kukaJuni, amahlumela kufanele ahlukaniswe ngobude obuyi-14-15 cm futhi atshalwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa, embozwe ifilimu, enhlabathini enezingxenye ezintathu zesihlabathi somfula, ingxenye eyodwa yezithelo kanye nengxenye yenhlabathi enezakhi. Ukudonswa kobumba okwandisiwe ezisekelweni, obukhulu obuyi-2-3 cm, nakho kuyathandeka.Izihlahla ezisikiwe zinezimpande ngokujwayelekile, isivuno sezinsika ezisikiwe kaningi singaphezu kwama-60%, kodwa ukusika okunezihlahla akuzona izimpande, akukufanele nakancane ukukhathazeka ngalokhu.
Ngemuva kokumba ngaphandle kwegreenhouse (ngoSepthemba), ngokuya ngokuchelela okuvamisile phakathi nenkathi (izikhathi ezi-6,7 ngosuku), izihlahla ezisikiwe nezimpande zidinga ukutshala embhedeni okhula unyaka owodwa kuphela lapho zingatshalwa khona emhlabathini ovulekile.
I-Dogwood evamile, noma i-Male Dogwood (i-Cornus mas).
Ukusakazwa kwe-Dogwood ngokugoma
Hhayi kaningi njengokusika okuluhlaza, i-dogwood isatshalaliswa ngokugoma, ngokuvamile ngenxa yalokhu basebenzisa ukuqunjelwa kwehlobo, okuwukuthi, ukugoma kwezinso. Izinhlobo ze-Dogwood zifakwa emgodini wezithombo zezinja ezineminyaka emibili ubudala. Umuthi wokugoma wenziwa nge-T-shaped incision, ngemuva kwalokho kufakwa izinso kuyo futhi kuqedwe ifilimu yepulasitiki. Cishe u-Okthoba, ifilimu iyasuswa, uma izinso sezikhiphe izimpande, kuyacaca-ke ukuthi iyaphila futhi asikho isidingo sokuyiqamba kabusha ngonyaka olandelayo.
Ububi bale ndlela inombolo enkulu yesiphunzi sendawo, esizodinga ukuklanywa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukusakazwa kwenja ngezinja
Le ndlela elula kune-budding, futhi isebenza kahle. Njengokubekwa, amahlumela wonyaka asetshenziswa, okulula ukugoba phansi. Ukuze amahlumela akhe izimpande, okokuqala kudingeka ulungiselele inhlabathi, uyigaye, uyithukulule kahle, bese wenza ama-grooves amancane enhlabathini bese ubeka amahlumela lapho, lapho-ke kudingeka ukuthi akhonjwe emhlabathini ngezigwegwe zokhuni bese afafazwa ngenhlabathi, abambe umqhele.
Imvamisa amahlumela asuka ezinso, bese izimpande ziqala ukukhula emhlabathini. Lapho nje amahlumela efika kubukhulu bamasentimitha, adinga ukufafazwa engxenyeni yenhlabathi ukwakha izimpande ezengeziwe, bese kuthi emuva kwamasonto amabili kuphinde konke futhi.
Imvamisa, ekwindla noma entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo, ukuhlelwa kwezakhiwo kungahlukaniswa nesitshalo sikamama, ngemuva kokukhula kuzoba ngamabibi ezinkukhu ezimele nazo zonke izimpawu zabazali ezigcinwe.
Ukusakazwa kwenja ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla
Indlela ejwayelekile yokuzalela izinkuni ukugaya isihlahla ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, igeze izimpande zayo bese ihlukanisa izingxenye eziningi ezinesistimu ye-aerial mass neyezimpande. Kuyiqiniso, lokhu kunjalo ngezitshalo zabantu abadala bezinkuni, iminyaka yazo okungenani iminyaka emihlanu. I-Delenki ingatshalwa ngokushesha endaweni ehlala njalo, kepha ifiselekile ukunikeza umswakama futhi ngokushesha yenze noma yimuphi umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi.
Isivuno sezinja
IFoodwood iyavunwa njengoba izithelo zayo zigcotshwa futhi zithambile, bese izithelo zithola umbala ojwayelekile wohlobo oluthile. Njengoba sabhala ngenhla, ungalinda ukuvuthwa okuphezulu kwezithelo eziningi bese uvele uzixhawule ku-burlap. Kulokhu, izithelo azonakalanga bese zingagcinwa amasonto ambalwa.
Ama-dogwood amajikijolo ahlukahlukene.
Izinhlobo ze-Dogwood
Kwirejista yoMbuso yokufeza kabusha okwenziwe yiRussian Federation okwamanje kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu kuphela ze-dogwood, lezi yilezi: Prikubansky, Artemy, Nastya, Samokhvalovsky noSolnechny.
Ekuphetheni, sizokhuluma ngokuncane ngakunye ukuze umlimi ngamunye abe nombono ngezinhlobo ezithile.
- Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Dogwood I-Prikubansky Inenkathi yokuvuthwa esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo, ukukhula okuphakathi, amahlumela aqondile, amahlamvu amakhulu anesisindo esingama-5.5 g wesikhumba esiphakeme obomvana, obomvana obumnyama obunepulpiti ethambile nejusi.
- Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Dogwood "Ubuciko" - ibonakala ngokuvuthwa sekwephuzile, ukukhula okuphakathi, amahlumela aqondile, amaqabunga amakhulu amaqabunga nezithelo ezinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-6.0 g wesimo sebhodlela, obomvu ngombala ngombala nge-pulp ebomvu, kumnandi ukunambitheka.
- "Nastya" - Izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala ze-dogwood, zibonakaliswa ukuphakama okuphakathi, amahlumela aqondile, amahlamvu amakhulu nezithelo ezinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-5.0 g wombala obomvana obomvu, obomvu onenyama efanayo yokunambitheka okumnandi.
- Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Dogwood "USokhokhalovsky" - iboniswa isikhathi sokuvuthwa esijwayelekile, ukukhula okuphakathi, amahlumela aqondile, amahlamvu amakhulu, izithelo ezinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-7.5 g sakhiwe ngopende, sicishe saba mnyama ngombala wokunambitheka okumnandi kwenyama ebomvu emnyama.
- "Ilanga" - Izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala ze-dogwood, zibonakaliswa ukuphakama okuphakathi, amahlumela aqondile, amahlamvu amakhulu nezithelo ezinesisindo esingu-4.0 g okusaqanda nphuzi ngombala. I-pulp nayo iphuzi, ithambile futhi imnandi.
Yilokho kuphela esifuna ukukusho nge-dogwood, uma unokuthile ongangeza noma sekuvele imibuzo, bese ubhala ngabo emazwaneni.
