Umanyolo oluhlaza womquba

Yikuphi abalimi abangajwayelani nalesi simo: uma ukhulisa isivuno esifanayo, isibonelo, amazambane, iminyaka eminingi ilandelana, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo, khona-ke isivuno siyancipha eminyakeni edlule. Kepha hhayi lokho kuphela. Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kubhujiswa kancane kancane futhi ukuzala kwayo kuncishiswe. I-Monoculture futhi ithuthukisa ukwenziwa kabusha kwezinambuzane nokusakazeka kwezifo.

Umphumela olimazayo we-monoculture ungancishiswa ngezikhathi ezithile ezikhulayo izitshalo eziluhlaza ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-fertilizer aluhlaza.

Imvamisa, izitshalo ezingama-leguminous zonyaka kanye nezitshalo zonyaka zisetshenziswa njengezimbali.. Isisindo sikabhontshisi aphezulu otshalwe emhlabathini sicebisa ungqimba olungakheki kahle ngezinto ezi-organic ne-nitrogen. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ekusebenzeni kwawo kokufaka umquba kucishe kufane nokwazisa komquba omusha. Ngisho nezinsalela zezinhlanga nezimpande zicebisa inhlabathi ngezinto eziphilayo kanye ne-nitrogen.

Okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ephezulu esindimeni sezitshalo ze-legume kuchazwa ngokuphindaphindeka kwama-bacterius alungisa ama-bacterium ezimpandeni zawo, akha ukudumba - izihlakala. Ngokuthatha i-nitrogen esemkhathini, amagciwane awudlulisela esimweni esitholakala izitshalo. Izimila zibizwa ngokuthi isitshalo samaprotheni esitshalo, ngoba zinikeza ukudla okunempilo okunamaprotheni amaningi ezilwaneni zasepulazini..

Lapho isisemhlabathini bese ibola kancane kancane, izakhamzimba eziqukethwe inqwaba yemifino yama-siderate ziphenduka zibe yisimo esitholakalayo sezilimo ezilandelayo, futhi i-organic organisation isiza ukubuyisela ukwakheka kwenhlabathi.

Njengama-siderates, ungasebenzisi hhayi i-legumes kuphela, kepha futhi, ngokwesibonelo, izitshalo zoju - i-phacelia, i-buckwheat, i-sunflower. Ukusebenza kwezitshalo zoju njengama-siderates, kepha kuphansi, kepha zona, ngaphezu kokuqongelelwa kwezinto eziphilayo enhlabathini, zisebenza njengesisekelo sezinyosi.

Ngokuya ngezinga lokuncipha kwenhlabathi, umquba oluhlaza ungathatha indawo yonke ihlobo noma yisiphi isikhathi.

Uma ingadi ibilokhu isebenza isikhathi eside, kungcono ukuyikhulula ezitshalweni zemifino unyaka wonke, nokutshala izimbali zonyaka ekwindla noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.. Eningizimu, ekwindla, kuhlwanyelwa ubusika bethanga (idipper) ne-vetch ebusika, kuthi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuthanga lwentwasahlobo, vetch yasentwasahlobo kanye nasezingeni. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, i-peas yasentwasahlobo, i-vetch yasentwasahlobo, ubhontshisi wokudla, i-lupins, ne-seradella kuhlwanyelwa emzileni ophakathi nendawo. Lapho nje ubhontshisi usuqala ukubonakala, isigaxa esiluhlaza siyasongwa ku-roller bese sitshelwa emhlabathini sijule okungenani ngamasentimitha ayi-12-16. Ngemuva kwalokhu, indawo iyadonswa bese igcinwa isesimweni sokukhula kuhlanzekile futhi kukhululeka. Esimweni esinomswakama, inqwaba yesitshalo ibola ngokushesha, ngakho-ke inhlabathi kufanele inyiswe lapho kunesomiso.

Kuzo zonke izindawo, peas yemifino ingatshalwa njenge-siderates entwasahlobo. Ngemuva kokuvuna ubhontshisi ngokuvuthwa kokusanhlamvu, isigaxa seqabunga siyasongwa bese siyalinywa.

ISiderata nayo ikhule ezitshalweni eziphakathi, ikubeka phakathi kwezilimo zemifino ezimbili. Ekwindla, ngemuva kokuvuna imifino, uphizi wasebusika noma i-vetch yasebusika iyahlwanyelwa. Entwasahlobo ngemuva kokuqhakaza, inqwaba iyagoqwa futhi inephunga, futhi le ndawo iyadonswa ithathwe isivuno semifino esivuthiwe. Ama-siderates aphakathi nendawo angatshalwa esithelweni sesibili ngemuva kokuvuna imifino yakuqala, evumela ukusetshenziswa komhlaba okuningi.

Emapulazini engadi, umquba oluhlaza uhlwanyelwa ngendlela eqhubekayo, ejwayelekile ngokunqenqema kwemigqa engu-15 cm kanye nezinga lokuhlwanyelwa kwembewu elamukelwe endaweni.

Engadini, ngaphezu kokubuyisela kabusha isakhiwo nokwandisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi, umquba oluhlaza ucindezela ukhula futhi uvikele inhlabathi ekuguguleni komoya namanzi, kodwa lokhu kudinga izimo zokuswakama kahle noma ukunisela. Ukuntuleka komswakama kubeka kabi izimo zokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezihlahla, kunciphisa ukuthelwa kwezithelo.

Engadini encane, kutshalwa izitshalo zikabhontshisi zonyaka - ubusika bethanga, i-vetch yasebusika, uphizi wasentwasahlobo, i-ranch, lupine, ubhontshisi wokudla, i-seradella, ukugoqa nokuhogela inqwaba eluhlaza ngenkathi kusungulwa ubhontshisi. Esikhathini esidala - amakhambi zisetshenziswa: ukuhlwitha alfalfa, red clover, sainfoin, clover. I-Alfalfa engadini igcinwa ilandelana iminyaka engu-3-5, i-clover yeminyaka engu-2-3, i-sainfoin ne-clover yeminyaka emi-2. Utshani zisetshenziselwa ukusika ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza kwezimbali futhi ngokushesha kukhishwe.

ISiderata engadini ihlwanyelwa imicu emigqeni ephakathi kwemigqa ngendlela eqhubekayo yomugqa (ngesikhala somugqa esingamasentimitha ayi-15), izinga lokuhlwanyelwa lemukelwa endaweni. Imibuthano yeTrunk ishiywe mahhala, iyasuswa futhi iyithukululise. Isikhala somugqa asenziwa. Vula utshani ekwindla ngonyaka wokugcina wesondlo sabo.

Ngemuva kokulima umanyolo oluhlaza engadini, inhlabathi ishiyelwa ngaphansi komusi omnyama iminyaka emithathu noma isetshenziselwe izitshalo zemifino bese umquba oluhlaza uphinda uphindwe.

Amagundane afuneka ezimweni ezinomswakama. Ngakho-ke, kufanele akhule ngomswakama omuhle wemvelo noma ngokunisela. Ngabe ngidinga ukufaka umanyolo wamaminerali we-siderata? Yebo kunjalo. Ukwenza ngcono ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwezinhlobo zemidumba, bakhulisa isivuno se-green green. Ngaphansi kokulima yenza umanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali - 0,6 kg we-nitrogen ne-potassium kanye ne-0,9 kg ye-phosphorus nge-100 m².

Ukuhlwanyela ngokuqhubekayo okujwayelekile ngama-aisle angama-15 cm .. Ezindaweni ezincane, imbewu imane ihlakazeke. Imbewu yemidumba yonyaka itshalwa enhlabathini ngamasentimitha angama-6,6, ingapheli - ngo-cm ka-3-4.

ISiderata imvamisa ayidingi ukunakekelwa, kepha uma iniselwa ikhula kangcono.

Kuthunyelwe ngu