Freesia

Isitshalo esinamandla kakhulu iFountia (Freesia), esibizwa nangokuthi iFreesia, sitshalwa engadini nasekhaya. Lolu hlobo lonyaka luboniswa yizinkulungwane ezingama-herbaceous perennials zomndeni we-iris. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-20. I-freesia ethandwa kakhulu ye-hybrid, eyabiwa cishe eminyakeni eyi-100 eyedlule ngokuwela izinhlobo eziningana zezilwane. Imbali enje ivela eSouth Africa, ngenkathi ikhetha ukukhula phakathi kwezihlahlana nasogwini olumanzi. Lesi sitshalo saqanjwa ngodokotela waseJalimane nodokotela wezitshalo uFr Frieze. Lesi sitshalo esihle kakhulu, sihle futhi sintekenteke, esinephunga elimnandi elifana nephunga lomnduze wesigodi, ngakho-ke i-freesia ibizwa nangokuthi "i-Cape lily yesigodi." Okwamanje, imbali enjalo idumile kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi njengesilimo esisikiwe.

Izici zeFreesia

Yini izici ze-freesia:

• imbali ebucayi enjalo ingahlobisa noma yisiphi isixha, idume kakhulu phakathi komakoti;
• isikhathi eside ayilahli ukuvela okusha futhi ayifiphele;
• isetshenziswa ekwenzeni amakha okunethezeka;
• ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabaqambi bemvelo;
• angakwazi ukuhlobisa noma iyiphi ingadi noma i-greenhouse, kanye ne-windowsill;
• izinhlobonhlobo, ezidwetshwe ngombala ophuzi obomvu, zihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ekukhuleni kwazo ngokushesha.

Isihlahlana se-hybrid freesia singafinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha ayi-100, isiqu esinamagatsha anamanzi angenalutho, isikali esinsundu esikhanyayo simboza ummbila. Ubude bamapuleti amaqabunga acishe abe nethambo elijwayelekile lingahluka kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-20, futhi ububanzi bube ngamamilimitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-15. Ama-inflorescence athambile ahlangothini olulodwa aqukethe izimbali ezinamakha, ubude bawo busuka ku-30 ​​baye ku-50 mm. Izimbali zingapendwa ngemibala ehlukahlukene, isibonelo: obomvu, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi, opinki, omhlophe, owolintshi, onsomi, ukhilimu, njll. Ngokuvamile, ama-petals nama-pharynx anombala ohlukile. Izithelo ziyibhokisi.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-freesia ezinezithombe namagama

Okudume kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi yi-freesia hybrid (Freesia hybrida). Yadalwa njengomphumela wokuwela i-Armstrong freesia (Freesia armstrongii) ne-freesia evuselelwa noma ephukile (iFreeia Refracta). Ngenxa yalezi zinhlobo, inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene lazalwa.

Freesia Armstrong (Freesia armstrongii)

Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungahluka kusuka ku-0,65 kuya ku-0.7 m. Ama-inflorescences abukeka njengama-panicle aqukethe izimbali ezinamakha bell aminyene anombala obomvana obomvana, obomvu noma obomvu. Kukhona amabala aphuzi ngaphezulu kweshubhu elimhlophe. Amapuleti amaqabunga amade anesimo se-xiphoid. Izimbali zibonwa ngoMeyi-Juni.

Izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zale nhlobo nguKhadinali. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungamamitha ayi-0.7, izimbali ezingezona eziphindwe kabili zipendwe zibomvu. Ukusuka kwibhulethi elilodwa ama-3 peduncle akhula, afinyelela ukuphakama okungama-0,35 m, ama-inflorescences abunjwe nge-panicle aqukethe izimbali eziyi-9-11, kuyilapho ubude bama-inflorescence buba ngamasentimitha ayi-9. Izimbali ezibomvu ezimnyama zinochotho ophuzi, ipestle iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ama-stamens aphuzi, kanti ama-anthers ansomi.

I-Hybrid freesia (i-Freesia hybrida)

Kuleli fomu, izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zezinhlobo zabazali zihlanganiswa. Isihlahla esinamagatsha aqine kakhulu sinokuphakama ngamasentimitha ayi-100. Ukwakheka kwama-inflorescence e-racemose kufaka phakathi (ubukhulu kusuka kwamasentimitha ayisihlanu kuya kwayi-7) izimbali ezinamakha ezingadwetshwa ngopelepele, onsomi, ophuzi noma eminye imibala. Izimbali ziyi-monophonic nethoni ezimbili. Izinhlobo:

1. IBallina. Izimbali ezimhlophe zinesisekelo esikhanyayo esiphuzi, amacembe awo ahlanganisiwe. Phezu kwe-pharynx emhlophe kukhona umucu ophuzi. Ukwakheka kwe-inflorescence kungafaka izimbali ezingaba ngu-12 ezinobukhulu obungu-55x65 mm. Ukuphakama kwe-Peduncle kungahluka kusuka ku-0,25 kuya ku-0.3 m. Izimbali zinephunga elimnandi.
2. URose Marie. Ukuphakama kwama-peduncle cishe amasentimitha angama-20-25. Ukwakheka kwe-inflorescence kuhlanganisa izimbali ezingekho ngaphezu kwezi-7 ezinobukhulu obungu-45x45 mm. Umbala wabo u-raspberry ocebile, ngezansi kwale mbali kumhlophe ngengozi ye-raspberry.
3. I-Pimperina. Ama-Peduncle ukuphakama angafinyelela ku-15 kuya ku-20 amasentimitha. Ama-inflorescence angafaka izimbali ezingaphezu kwezingu-7 ubukhulu ayi-60x55 mm. Amacembe abomvu, amancane ahlanganisiwe anomphetho obomvu omnyama. Ingxenye ephansi yama-petals ibomvu ngamachashazi aphuzi. Iphunga liyaphela amandla.

I-Freesia imhlophe, noma ibuye ikhishwe, noma yephukile (i-Freesia Refracta)

Lesi sitshalo esincane esinobude obude abude bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-0.4. I-inflorescence eyenziwe yaxakaxaka ngo-spike iqukethe izimbali ezi-2-5 ezimhlophe noma ezisawolintshi. Izimbali zibonwa ngo-Ephreli. Izinhlobo:

1. Freesia alba (Freesia Refracta var. Alba). Izimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe qhwa zine-pharynx ephuzi enemivimbo yombala onsomi.
2. I-Freesia Fragrant (I-Freesia Refracta odorata). Ama-inflorescences aqukethe izimbali eziphuzi ezi-3-7 ezinethotho lika-orange ezansi. Inephunga elimenyezelayo lomnduze wesigodi.

Zonke lezi zinhlobo ezintathu ezichazwe ngenhla zinezinhlobonhlobo ezinezimbali ezilula nezimbili. Izimbali ezilula zinomugqa owodwa we-1, ngenkathi izimbali ze-terry zine-2 noma ngaphezulu. Esitolo esikhethekile ungathenga izinhlobo ezithile ze-freesia noma ingxube, lapho uzokwazi ukuhlobisa ingadi yakho ngezimbali ezinhle kakhulu ze-freesia zemilo ehlukahlukene nemibala.

Izimo ezikhulayo

Ukuze udale izimo ezinhle kakhulu ze-freesia, kufanele ikhule endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma abamba ukushisa, noma kunjalo le ndlela ilungele abaqeqeshi noma abalimi abanolwazi. Isitshalo esinjalo, uma kunesidingo, singatshalwa unyaka wonke. Kodwa-ke, eziqongweni eziphakathi nendawo ayikwazi ukusinda ebusika enhlabathini, ngenxa yalokho, ekwindla, ama-corms ayembiwa. Izimbali ezinjalo zingatshalwa ekhaya, kuyilapho i-freesia yangaphakathi iqala ukuqhakaza ebusika. Kunemithetho eyisisekelo mayelana nezimo ezikhulayo zazo zonke izinhlobo zalesi sitshalo:

1. Isimbali esinjalo sithanda ukukhanya kakhulu, kuyilapho amahora omhla wokukhanya esisebenza kuwo angamahora ayi-12- 13. Kodwa kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi awabekezeleli imisebe yelanga eqondile, ngakho-ke kufanele kukhethwe ipumbumbra encane ngokuyihlwanyela.
2. Isitshalo kumele sivikeleke kokungakapheli.
3. Umhlabathi kumele ukhululwe futhi ukhishwe kahle. Ingxube enhle kakhulu yokulinyelwa ingxube yenhlabathi enomhlaba wamaqabunga, isod kanye ne-humus, kanye ne-peat, ezithathwa ngokwesilinganiso se-1: 1: 1: 1. Kuhle kakhulu uma i-acidity iphansi.
4. Uma izinhlobonhlobo zihamba kancane futhi zimfishane, lapho-ke zingatshalwa zihlanganiswe kahle, kuyilapho lezo ezisakazwayo, ezinwebekayo zitshalwa ngokukhululeka.
5. Ukuze uzuze ukuqhakaza okunotha, izinga lokushisa kufanele lilawulwe. Ngakho-ke, kuze kube yilapho isitshalo siqhakaza, akufanele sidlule ama-degrees angama-22.
6. Izimbali zokusika zingenziwa kuphela lapho okungenani kuqhakaza izimbali ezi-2 ku-inflorescence. Izimbali eziqale ukubuna kufanele zinqunywe ngendlela yesikhathi, kungenjalo zizolanda izakhi zomzimba kulezo ezingakavuli.
7. Amanye ama-bush aneziqu ezibuthakathaka (ngokwesibonelo, izinhlobo ze-freesia ephukile), ngakho-ke adinga ukuxhaswa.
8. Imbali idinga umswakama ophezulu. Kodwa-ke, lapho ufafaza kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi umswakama akufanele ungene ezimbali noma efihlekile. Kungcono ukufafaza ngamahora ayi-17-18.
9. Uma isimo sezulu sibanda ngokweqile noma sishisa, khona-ke ngenxa yalokhu izimbali ziqala ukonakala futhi imiqumbe eminingi engenalutho ikhule.

Ukutshala kwangaphandle kwe-freesia

Ngaphambi kokutshala ama inhlabathi enhlabathini evulekile, kunconywa ukuba uzikhulise. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli, susa esikalini ku-corms, bese ebekwa imizuzu engama-30 kwikhambi le-foundationazole (0.2%), okuzosiza ukuvimbela ukukhula kwezifo zokukhunta. Emva kwalokho, batshalwe enhlabathini evundile evundile emabhodweni we-peat, ngokujula ngo-50 mm. Ngemuva kwalokho zidluliselwa kwi-loggia efudumele noma efasiteleni elinezibane ezinhle, lapho izinhlamvu zivuka ngaphambi kokutshala enhlabathini. Abalimi abanolwazi ngesinye isikhathi baphendukela ekusakazweni kwembewu yesitshalo esinjalo, kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi leyo ndlela iyabukeka futhi iyasebenza kahle. Isendlalelo esingezansi kufanele sikanyiswe, bese imbewu ibekwa ngokucophelela ebusweni bayo. Phezu kwazo udinga ukufafaza ngengqimba yengxube yenhlabathi yembewu, ubukhulu bayo okufanele bube yi-20 mm. Ngemuva kwalokho isitsha kufanele simbozwe ngengilazi noma ngefilimu bese sifakwa endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle. Ngemuva kwamaviki amathathu, izithombo zokuqala kufanele zivele. Ngemuva kokuphakama kwawo kufinyelele ku-20-30 mm, indawo yokukhosela kufanele isuswe bese izithombo zinciphile. Ukufakwa emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa maphakathi noMeyi.

Ukufakelwa

Kuyadingeka ukutshala isitshalo esinjalo emhlabathini ovulekile entwasahlobo, lapho usongo lweqhwa ludlula (cishe ngemuva kukaMeyi 9). Ubukhulu bezimbobo kufanele bube bokuthi ukujula kokwehla kungama-30-60 mm. Ibanga okungenani lama-30 mm kufanele libonwe phakathi kuka-anyanisi omncane, kanye nama-50 mm phakathi kwamakhulu. Isikhala somugqa sicishe sibe ngamasentimitha ayi-15. Ingaphezulu le ndawo ngemuva kokufika kwe-freesia lidalulwe futhi lambozwa nge-mulch (i-peat noma inhlabathi enobuhlalu), ezovimbela ukushisa kwenhlabathi kanye nohlelo lwezimpande zezihlahla. Ngo-Agasti, isihlahla ngasinye sizoba nezinyawo eziyisithupha, kanti izimbali ziyohlala kuze kufike izinsuku zokuqala kuka-Okthoba.

Izici Zokunakekela

Ngesikhathi sokukhula, i-freesia idinga ukugqoka okuphezulu okufika ngesikhathi. Izitshalo zidliwa okokuqala ngqa ngisho nangemva kokuhluma; kulokhu, isisombululo se-ammonium nitrate siyasetshenziswa (2 g wezinto zithathwa ilitha elilodwa lamanzi). Ngemuva kwalokho, kanye njalo emavikini ama-2, izitshalo zondliwa nge-superphosphate nosawoti we-potassium (4 g no-2 g nge-litre eyodwa yamanzi, ngokulandelana). Futhi, lapho ukhula engadini, kufanele ukhulule njalo indawo yendawo futhi ususe notshani bokhula, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kulezi zinqubo engxenyeni yokuqala yesikhathi sokukhula. Lapho kukhula i-freesia emhlabathini ovulekile, idinga umbuso othile wokunisela. Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, futhi lapho kuzoqhakaza, kubalulekile ukuthi ukuthambisa kube kuningi futhi kuhleleke, ngenkathi inhlabathi kufanele ibe nomswakama ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izimbali zihlala amasonto angama-3-6, emva kwalokho izimbali ziqala ukunisela isikhathi ngasinye kanye nokuncane kuze kube sekupheleni ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kokunisela, izitshalo ezinjalo zidinga ukufafazwa okuhleliwe kwamaqabunga amaqabunga kanye namahlumela. Ukuphuza nokufafaza kunconywa kusihlwa, kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amanzi kumele abe nesikhathi sokucwilisa ngaphambi kokuhlwa. Engadini, i-freesia ikhula ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Izinambuzane nezifo zalesi sitshalo ziyefana nalezo ze-gladioli, okuyilezi: ama-aphid, ama-thrips, izibungu zesicabucabu kanye ne-fusarium, ithumba nokubola okuhlukahlukene. Amabhasi athelelekile kufanele abiwe futhi ashiswe. Futhi ukuze ubavikele kulesi sifo, kubalulekile ukuthi ukhipha amagciwane kulezi zixazululo ezibuthakathaka ze-potanganum permanganate ngaphambi kokuzibeka kwisitoreji. Inqubo efanayo kufanele yenziwe ngaphambi kokwehla. Futhi, i-freesia izophinde ivikeleke ezifweni ngokunisela okuyikho, khumbula ukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhula kwayo nokugeleza komhlaba akufanele kube owomile, kepha ngasikhathi sinye amanzi akumele avunyelwe.

UFreesia usekhaya

Ukufakelwa

Ngaphakathi, i-freesia itshalwa, njengomthetho, kuphela kokuqhakaza kwayo ebusika nasentwasahlobo. Izimbali zakhe zibukeka zinhle kakhulu kule nkathi ebandayo ebandayo. Ukuze isitshalo siqale ukuqhakaza ngoJanuwari, kufanele sitshalwe ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi sekwindla. Okokuqala, u-anyanisi kufanele ucwiliswe kwisisombululo se-azotobacterin imizuzu engama-30 (i-0.5 g yento ithathwa ngebhakede elilodwa lamanzi). Uma kufiswa, ama-corms angalashwa ngomuthi okhulisa ukukhula (impande noma i-epin). Kufanele uthathe imbiza okuyiwo ububanzi kufanele bube ngamasentimitha ayi-15. Ngaphansi kwethangi, udinga ukwenza amanzi amancanyana, lapho kubekwa khona amalahle, bese kuba nengxube yenhlabathi, enomhlabathi we-turf kanye ne-humus, kanye nesihlabathi (2: 1: 1). Ungakhohlwa ukuxuba ingxube yomhlaba ngenani elincane lomanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium. Ama-anyanisi ayi-5 noma ayi-6 atshalwe ebhodweni elilodwa, kuyilapho angcwatshwa ngamasentimitha angama-5-6. Isitsha sihlanzwa egumbini elikhanyiswe kahle, lapho izinga lokushisa komoya lingaba ebangeni lama-degree ayi-10-15, kuyilapho ukuthambisa i-freesia akufanele kube njalo. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamapuleti amaqabunga, amabhodwe e-freesia ahlelwa kabusha endaweni efudumele (kusuka kuma-degrees angama-20 kuye kwangama-22) bese eqala ukunisela.

Ungayinakekela kanjani indlu yangaphakathi

Ukutshala isitshalo esinjalo ngaphansi kwezimo zangaphakathi kulula futhi kulula kunokutshala endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma emhlabathini ovulekile. Kodwa-ke, imithetho embalwa elula kufanele ihlolwe kuqala. Ekwindla nasebusika, amahora okukhanya kosuku afushane kakhulu, futhi imbali enjalo idinga ukukhanya okungenani amahora ayi-12 ngosuku. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukubeka amabhodwe entshonalanga noma entshonalanga ewindini, noma ungakha ukukhanyisela emuva ngamalambu we-fluorescent. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi iziqu zesitshalo zinentekenteke impela futhi zingalimala ngaphansi kwesisindo sezimbali, ngakho-ke zidinga ukuboshelwa ekusekelweni ngesikhathi esifanele. I-Freesia kufanele iniswe ngemuva kokuthi ungqimba olungaphezulu lwe-substrate selomile, kusetshenziswa amanzi emvula kulokhu. Lapho lesi sitshalo siqhakaza, kuzodingeka siniselwe ngokwejwayelekile nangobuningi. Ngenkathi ebandayo, ngenxa yokushisa kwamafulethi, umoya uyoma kakhulu, kulokhu, ungakhohlwa ukufafaza amahlumela njalo kanye namapuleti esitshalo. Ukufaka ngaphandle ukufafaza okuvamile, isitshalo singakhiwa kabusha endaweni efudumele kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, ku-loggia ekhanyisiwe. Ungakhohlwa ukufaka umanyolo wamaminerali izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga kuze kube ukuthi amapuleti amaqabunga asefile ngokuphelele.

I-Freesia ngemuva kokuqhakaza

Igumbi freesia

Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwe-freesia, kufanele anqume wonke amahlumela namapuleti eqabunga. Ama-corms adinga ukuniselwa amanye amasonto angama-4-6, lapho kuzoba khona ama-bulbs amasha. Ngemuva kwalokho kubiwa, kufakwa ngaphansi kwezibulala magciwane ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate, yomiswe izinsuku eziningana, kubeke lokhu endaweni efudumele, bese kususwa ukuze kugcinwe.

UFreesia engadini

Ngemuva kokuqhakaza (imvamisa ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaSepthemba noma ezinsukwini zokuqala ngo-Okthoba), izimbotshana kufanele zimbiwe futhi lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba amapuleti amaqabunga aphuzi aphele. Ukusuka ku-corm, kuyadingeka ukusika isiqu ngamahlamvu, ususe umhlaba, izimpande kanye nesikali esidala kuwo. Ngemuva kwalokho ubhaxiselwa isigamu sehora kusisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate noma enye i-fungicide (phytosporin, maximum noma fundazole). Ngemuva kwalokho yomiswa izinsuku eziningana egumbini elinomoya omncane lokushisa lama-25 kuya kuma-28 degrees. Ngemuva kwalokho bahlunga ama-corms, futhi udinga ukulahla lawo aqala ukubola noma anamanxeba. Ngemuva kwalokho, zigcinwa.

Isitoreji se-Freesia Bulb

Ama-corms kufanele agcinwe emanetheni futhi afakwe egumbini elinomswakama ophezulu (ukusuka kumaphesenti angama-70 kuya kwangama-80), lapho izinga lokushisa kufanele lisuke kuma-20 liye kuma-25 degrees. Esimweni lapho umswakama ongaphansi kwegumbi uphansi, khona-ke ngokushesha ngaphansi kwenetha ngezinto zokutshala, kufanele kufakwe isitsha esigcwaliswe ngamanzi. Ukuhlolwa kwama-corms kufanele kwenziwe okungenani isikhathi esingu-1 emavikini ama-4, kuyilapho kufanele kwenqatshwe, labo asebeqale ukubola noma izifo ezinesifo. Emavikini la-4 ngaphambi kosuku lokutshala, ama-bulbs kufanele asuswe ayiswe endaweni epholile (ukusuka kuma-10 kuye kwangama-15 degrees).

Kukhona abalimi abagcina ama-corms ku-peat eyomile. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi esifundeni sakho isikhathi sasebusika sincane kakhulu futhi singesithwathwa, awukwazi ukubamba ama-bulbs, kodwa uzimboze kuphela ngamagatsha we-spruce noma ngamaqabunga omisiwe.