I-Kolumneya luhlobo olunabamele abangu-200 bezitshalo zotshani nezihlahla ezinswatsheni emndenini wezimbali zeGesnerieva eziqhakazayo. Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yezimbali iyizifunda ezishisayo zaseMelika naseCaribbean, iWest Indies neMexico.
Igama elipinki leli kholamu lamukelwa nguKarl Linnaeus, ohumushele kwisiLatini igama lesazi sezimbali sase-Italy sangekhulu leshumi nane, uFabio Colonna. Ngokusho kososayensi abaningi, uhlobo oluhlukile lweBukinelin isichazamazwi seKolumna.
I-Kolumneya ingenye yezinhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu futhi ezifiselekayo zamasiko. Zinhle kakhulu, futhi zingakhula buthule, hhayi ezindaweni ezishisayo kuphela, kodwa nangaphakathi endlini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zombili endaweni evaliwe neyivulekile (lapho ikhule ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele futhi ingaphansi kwayo yonke imithetho). Uhlobo lufaka izinhlobo ezaziwa njenge-African violet, i-gloxinia nesihlahla se-fudge. Kubandakanya nezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-horticultural genera, njenge-Streptocarpus. Ungasifaka isithombo sekholomu ebhodweni noma esibhasikidi esimisiwe lapho iziqu ezingumphumela zingavunyelwa khona ukulenga ngokukhululeka emoyeni.
Incazelo yesitshalo seColumnia nesithombe sayo
Izimbali ezibunjiwe noma ezimile ngokuvamisile zivame ukuba zikhulu futhi zigcwele ngombala ophuzi, owolintshi noma obomvu. Ngesimo, kwesinye isikhathi zifana nezinhlanzi. Ngenxa yesimo saso esingajwayelekile, le mbali yathola igama layo lesibili "imbali - u -fishfish endizayo." Kuhlinzekwa incazelo yentyatyambo ye-columney nezithombe zayo, ezitholakala kaningi kuleli khasi.
Iziqu zivame ukukhuphuka, ziqhume noma zibe zodwa. Ezinye zazo zingelula ukuya kumamitha amabili noma ngaphezulu, zilenga kusuka kubhasikidi. I-halo yezindebe ezimbili ene-hood yakhiwa ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwalezi zihlahlana ezimbili ezingenhla.
Umbala obomvu okhanyayo uyinto evame kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlala kulo mndeni, kepha futhi zingaba ngphuzi noma orenji, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zipinki. Ama-stamens amane, ama-anthers avela ku-gland eyodwa yomgogodla. I-ovary ingaphezulu futhi inesimo sebhola. Izithelo nazo ziyindilinga, kahle, noma cishe ziyindilinga, imhlophe imhlophe.
Isici esihlukile sesitshalo se-colia yi-corolla (ehlukaniswa kakhulu, kepha hhayi ukuphela kwayo).
Ukunakekela Ikholomu Ekhaya
Ukunakekela i-kolumnea ekhaya akudingi ikhono elikhethekile. Bona njengezitshalo ze-epiphytic endle zidinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ukusakazwa komoya okuhle kakhulu nenhlabathi ekhanyelwe kahle ngezakhi zomzimba. Phakathi kokunisela inhlabathi kufanele kube nesikhathi sokoma kancane. Kuyiqiniso, bangabhekana nesomiso esincane, kepha kuzoba ngcono ukukhulisa futhi kuqhume lapho kugcinwa enhlabathini efanayo enomswakama nomanyolo olinganiselayo kodwa ojwayelekile.
Inani elikhulu lezitshalo zohlobo lweColumnae zishisayo futhi zikhula kalula efulethini nasegreenhouse. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zivela eziphakeme kakhulu futhi zidinga izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokukhula okusebenzayo nezimbali. Ezinye zezinhlobo zonyaka, kepha inzalo nezinhlobonhlobo ngakunye kungaqhakaza noma kunciphe njalo.
Uma ukhula imbali yekholomu kufasitela ezimweni zamakamelo, kungaba ngcono ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi nokubanda okuncane. Uma ugcina ikholomu isendaweni epholile, khona-ke ingcono kakhulu kunokuthi ubuyigcwalise.
Ekhaya, kunenzuzo enkulu futhi kukhululekile ukukhulisa imbali kubhasikidi wokukhanya okuhle kwemvelo. Izimbali zingancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (ngesikhathi sekwindla nobusika), kepha izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kulezi zinsuku lizobangela inala lezimbali entwasahlobo nasehlobo.
Ukudlulisa nokuzala ikholamu
Dlulisa imbali yegumbi ngekholamu kuphela uma kuphela isikhathi sezimbali. Ngaphambi kokutshala ezweni elisha, udinga ukukusika bese ulungisa inhlabathi kusengaphambili (cishe noma yikuphi kufanelekile, into esemqoka ukuthi ayinayo ukhonkolo) kusuka kungxube ye-turf namahlamvu ngokufakwa kwe-peat kanye ne-moss encane echekiwe. Izitsha lapho otshalwe khona ngokholomu kufanele zibe zibanzi, kepha zingabi zijulile.
Ukudluliswa kwe-Columna kufanele kube yisikhathi ukuze uhlelo lwempande lube nendawo eyanele yokuthola izakhamzimba.
Kakhulu amakholomu asakazwa ukusikwa kwesiqu entwasahlobo. Izinqubo ezinqunu ziqala ngokutshalwa kumxube wokukhula kwezimpande futhi kuphela emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngemuva kwalokho, bavala isitsha ngokugoqwa kwepulasitiki futhi banikeze abasiki isikhathi sokusika futhi batshale amahlumela wokuqala namahlamvu. 
Bheka isithombe sezimbali zeColumnae bese ukhetha izinhlobo ezifanelekile:
Ukunisela kuyadingeka njengenjwayelo: ehlobo ngaphezulu, futhi ebusika kuya kancane. Amanzi Amanzi akufanele aqukathe ulamula - kungcono ukusebenzisa elicwengekileyo.
Ngezikhathi ezithile kufanelekile ukufudumala ikholamu, ikakhulukazi ehlobo, ngaphandle kwalokho izintshisekelo zizoma futhi ziwe (futhi izimbali ngeke zize nakancane).
Azikho umanyolo okhethekile wokukhetha nit, into esemqoka ukuthi zihlanganisa i-potassium ne-phosphorus.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zekolumnaea
Izinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zekolumnae zimelwe, ezihluka ngombala wezimbali namaqabunga. Kunikezwa izincazelo zezinhlobo ezithile zamakholamu adume kakhulu ngabalimi.
I-Columnae consanguine
IColumnae Consanguine iyisitshalo sezimbali zohlobo lweColumnae. Bahlala eColombia, eCosta Rica, e-Ecuador, eNicaragua nasePanama. Bahlukaniswa ngokuba khona komaka obomvu we-translucent esimweni senhliziyo, osebenza ukuheha abapholisi bawo abaphambili - ama-hummingbirds.
I-Kolumneya Consanguine iyi-shrub, njengotshani obunesiqu esingaxhunyiwe esinsundu nesinwele, ukukhula okuphezulu okufika kumamitha ayi-1-1,5 ukuphakama. Amacembe asezinqubeni atholakala ngakolunye uhlangothi lwephethini eduze neziqu. Kodwa-ke, iqabunga elilodwa kubhangqa ngalinye lincane kakhulu kunelinye, ngaleyo ndlela kwenza umbono wokuthi amaqabunga ahlelwe ngokuhlukile.
Ama-petals aphuzi ngombala, kanti i-calyx ingahle ibe luhlaza noma ibomvu.
Kolumneya Krakatau
I-Kolumneya krakatau iyimbali yomndeni wamaGesneriaceae futhi ivela ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMelika. Lawa ama-epiphytes, okungukuthi, awanazimpande futhi akhula ngentshiseko kwamanye amasiko. Imbali ingenye enhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuhlobisa. Lesi sitshalo simbozwe ngokuphelele ngamahlamvu amancane esiqwini esiqinile noma esiqoqayo. Izimbali, njengomthetho, zinombala ogqamile kakhulu.
Imvamisa, i-kraumay krakatau isetshenziselwa ukwakheka kwezakhiwo zokuhlala namahhovisi, ngenxa yalesi sizathu kaningi singayibona kubhasikidi olengayo, kunokuba ibhebhetheke phansi. Inhlabathi yokutshala isetshenziswa ngokufanayo nangezinhlobonhlobo eziphambili - i-peat, i-turf nomhlaba wamahlamvu. Zondla isitshalo kuyaqabukela futhi kuphela ngamanzi. Izihlahla kudingeka kuphela lapho imbali iqala ukukhula ngenkuthalo.
Imbali idinga ukukhanya okuningi nokushisa, kepha hhayi imisebe eqondile, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuqhakaza. Kwezinye izikhathi, iwindows eliqhakazile ngaphandle kwemimoya lizokwenza.
Izinga lokushisa - ehlobo okungenani i-20 ° C, futhi ebusika okungenani libe ngu-16. Uma ugcina izinga lomswakama eliningi, izinga lokushisa lesitshalo lingaphezulu kakhulu.
I-Columnae Carnival
Isitshalo esidala kakhulu seColumnia carnival sinezimbali eziqhakazile eziphuzi ezinemiphetho ebomvu etholakala ngaphezu nje kwamahlamvu amancane aluhlaza amnyama anamakhona akhonjisiwe. Isitshalo esihlangene. Iqhakaza unyaka wonke.
