Isitshalo sokutshala nokunakekela endaweni evulekile nasekhaya isithombeI-Spinach yaseGadini (iSpinacia oleracea) iyisitshalo samakhambi minyaka yonke emndenini wakwa-Amaranth. Isipinashi ngumthombo omuhle wensimbi. Le nto iyadingeka ukuze kulondolozwe izinga elijwayelekile le-hemoglobin, enikeza umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke amaseli omzimba, eyingxenye yohlelo olubhekele ukukhiqizwa kwamandla nokusebenza kwe-metabolism. Isipinashi sinconyelwa kakhulu izingane, intsha kanye nabesifazane.
Izwe LaseSpinach
Isipinashi sivela eMiddle East. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukutshala kwaqala ePheresiya. ECentral Asia, kukhula njengotshani bokhula. Kuhunyushwa kusuka olimini lwasePheresiya, igama lesitshalo lisho "isandla esiluhlaza".
Njengesitshalo semifino, isipinashi sitshalwa yonke indawo. Emazweni aseNtshonalanga yayithandwa ngokungajwayelekile ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ngaleso sikhathi, isipinashi sasibhekwa njengensimbi ecebile kakhulu ekudleni: nge-100 g yesisindo, i-35 mg yesimbi. Isiphithiphithi siqhamuke ngoba umcwaningi akazange afake iphoyinti kwinombolo - empeleni, isipinashi esisha siqukethe i-iron ephindwe kayishumi. Ukuphindisela kwavela kuphela ngonyaka we-1981.
Incazelo yeBotanical
Isipinashi isitshalo esenziwa minyaka yonke. Amaqabunga awo anjengomkhonto ongunxantathu ahlangana ku-rosette obukhulu, ubude bawo bungamasentimitha angama-30-45. Iqhakaza ezinyangeni zasehlobo. Izimbali ezincane ezinamandla zombala oluhlaza ziqoqwa kuma-panicle inflorescence, izimbali ze-pistillate zitholakala kuma-axils amaqabunga, zakha i-glomeruli. Izithelo - amantongomane anjenge-oval.
Ukulungiselela Indawo Yokutshala Isipinashi
Ukukhetha kwesihlalo
Khulisa isipinashi endaweni otshaliwe enothe ngayo ngezinto eziphilayo. Isiko lifuneka ekuvundeni kwenhlabathi. Inikeza ukuvuna okucebile enhlabathini enesihlabathi ne-loamy.
Njengomthetho, izingxenye ezikhethekile azabelwe ukuhlwanyelwa isipinashi. Entwasahlobo, ikhula njengesandulelo sezilimo ezigcina sekwephuze ukushisa. Ungahlwanyelwa njenge-sealant (emaphethelweni engadini naphakathi kweminye imifino) ezindaweni ezincane.
Umanyolo womhlaba
Ukumba ekwindla, kufanele kusetshenziswe umanyolo: nge-1 m² 30 g ye-superphosphate ne-15 g ye-potassium chloride. Uma inhlabathi ine-acidic, ukumisa kuyadingeka. Entwasahlobo yokuqala, ngokushesha nje lapho ukutshala kwenhlabathi kungenzeka, engeza ama-20 g we-urea nge-1 m² ngaphansi kwekhola. Okokuhlwanyela, umquba noma umquba obolile kufanele ungezwe. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukwethulwa kwe-humus kumasimu aminyene nawokuqala. Indaba emisha ye-organic (ukuthambisa, umquba, njll.) Ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwesitshalo ayinconywa.
Ukutshala ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, izithombo zokugcina izithombo, isivuno esihle singatholakala enhlabathini ngenani elikhulu lama-humus. Lungiselela ingxube yengadi, umhlaba we-sod ne-humus ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo.
Izinsuku zokutshala isipinashi emhlabathini
Ukuhlwanyela isipinashi emhlabathini ovulekile entwasahlobo ukuthi ungayihlwanyela kanjani isipinashi
- Ngokukhula kwesipinashi ku-greenhouse noma ku-greenhouse efudumele qala ukutshala kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari.
- Isipinashi yisitshalo esivikela amakhaza impela - izithombo zaso zingabekezelela amazinga okushisa aze afike ku -8 ° C.
- Ngesibindi Hlwanyela ngaphambi kobusika(ukuphela kuka-Okthoba). Imbewu isishiswa ngempumelelo ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa.
- Entwasahlobo qala ukutshala lapho iqhwa liphelile. Ungenza izilimo ezihanjiswa kabusha ngezikhathi ezithile zezinsuku ezingama-20-30 ukuthola amakhambi amasha njalo.
- Ekuvuneni kwekwindla Hlwanyela ngoJuni-Julayi, ezindaweni eziseningizimu - Agasti.
Pre-moisten ndawo kahle. Ukuze uhlume imbewu ngokushesha futhi kahle, amboze izitshalo ngendwangu (imibhede yakudala, ishidi, njll). Ezifundeni lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lasebusika lingawi ngaphansi kuka-+12 ° C, ungavuna ngokukhululekile ebusika.
Khula isipinashi kusuka embebeni eluhlaza okotshani
Ungatshala kanjani imbewu yesipinashi esithombeni somhlabathi
Ukuthola izithombo zokuqala futhi ezinobungane, imbewu kufanele icutshungulwe ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Cwilisa kwabo usuku emanzini afudumele, bese womile esimweni sokugeleza, uqhubeke ngokuhlwanyela.
- Lapho uhlwanyela ku-greenhouse, udinga ama-20-30 g wembewu nge-1 m².
- Phakathi kwamarowu, gcina ibanga elingama-20-30 cm.
- Cishe ukujula kuka-1-2 cm.Kumila, gcina izinga lokushisa lomoya lingakapheli u-10-12 ° C esimweni sezulu esinamafu, 18 ° C - ngezinsuku ezinelanga.
- Lapho kuvela amahlumela, ukhula kanye nokuncipha kwenziwa kaningana, kusale ngenxa yalokho phakathi kwezitshalo 15 cm cm.
I-greenhouse kufanele inikezwe umoya ngezinsuku ezifudumele, ukugwema ukwanda kokushisa komoya okungaphezu kwama-24 ° C, ukuze imifino ethambile ingatholi ukushiswa okushisayo. Lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya phakathi nosuku selizodlula i-12 ° C, ifilimu lingasuswa nhlobo ngosuku.
Ukutshala imbewu yesipinashi emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukulinywa kwesipinashi esithombeni somhlaba ovulekile
- Emhlabathini ovulekile, hlwanyela isipinashi emigqeni, ubheke izikhala ezingama-30-40 cm phakathi kwemigqa.
- Hlwanyela 4-5 g yembewu nge 1 m².
- Ukujula kokuhlwanyela kungamasentimitha angama-1-2. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, vala izimbotshana nge-rake.
- Lapho isipinashi siqhuma, qiniseka ukuthi uzingcishe izithombo zifinyelele ku-5-6 cm phakathi kwezitshalo.
- Njengoba ukhula, ngaphezu kwalokho unciphise isipinashi usebenzisa izitshalo ezengeziwe ekudleni.
Ungayinakekela kanjani isipinashi emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukucwilisa
Ngokuqala kwepheshana lesibili leqiniso, izithombo kufanele zinqunywe. Ngemuva kokuncipha okuningana ngokulandelana, shiya izihlahla ngebanga okungenani le-10-15 cm. Lapho ukutshala kudlisiwe, ukungathandeki okuhle, okucasulayo ukunqotshwa kwe-powdery hlobo. Nisela isipinashi ngokukhululekile ngemuva kokuncipha.
Ukunisela
Nikeza ukuthambisa njalo. Kwanele izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngeviki ukwenza amalitha ama-3 wamanzi ngemitha ngayinye egijimayo. Esimweni sezulu esomile nesishisayo, faka amanzi amaningi ukuvikela ukungaboli ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Uma isipinashi singakhuli kahle, engeza umanyolo womanyolo we-nitrogen (10-15 g we-urea nge-1 m²) ngokunisela. Akunconywa ukufaka umanyolo we-potash ne-phosphorus: inqubo yokudubula iyasheshiswa.
Ukukhula isipinashi kusuka embewini ekhaya yezithombo
Isipinashi sitshalwa ekhaya ukuze sithole izithombo zokuqala noma imifino yevithamini unyaka wonke. Cabanga ngalezi zindlela zombili.
Ukukhula isipinashi kusuka ezinhlanyelweni zezithombo
Ukutshala izithombo zesipinashi nini?
Isipinashi yisilimo sokuqala kakhulu, imifino yaso isilungele ukuvunwa emavikini angama-3-4 ngemuva kokuhluma. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukubala ngokunembile isikhathi kuze kufike umzuzu wokukhishwa, ukuze ungaphuthelwa. Izinsuku zokutshala isipinashi futhi zincike ezinhlotsheni ezikhethiwe, njengoba izinsuku zokuvuthwa zalokhu okuhlukahlukene zihlukile.
Ngokwesilinganiso, sishiya amasonto ayi-1-1,5 ukuvela kwezithombo kanye namaviki ama-2 ekukhuleni kwesithombo. Sekukonke, ukuhlwanyela izithombo kuqala cishe amasonto angama-3-4 ngaphambi kokudlulisela endaweni yaphakade yokulima.
Ukuhlwanyela kanjani
Isipinishi esikhula kusuka imbewu yezithombo ezitshalweni zesithombe sasekhaya
Imbewu yesipinashi inkulu ngokwanele, ngakho-ke kulula kuwe ukuthi uyitshale ibe munye kumaseli wamakhasethi. Inhlabathi ingathathwa indawo yonke yezithombo.
- Ukudepha okungu-1 cm.
- Ngemuva kokutshala, umhlaba uyanyiswa kusuka ku-atomizer, embozwe ifilimu.
- Khulisa imbewu ekushiseni kwegumbi.
- Kuhluma isipinashi esingakanani? Amahlumela okuqala azovela ngosuku lwe-8-10. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ifilimu isuswa ngempela, futhi izinga lokushisa lokuqukethwe lincishiswa kancane ukuze izithombo zingatambanuli. Hhayi-ke, uma uligcina cishe ngo-18 ° C.
- Izithombo zidinga ukukhanya kosuku olude ngokukhanya okuhle.
- Lapho izitshalo zigcwala emangqamuzaneni amakhasethi, kuyadingeka ukuthi udlulise izithombo zibe ngamabhodwe we-peat.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo zithathwa izinsuku eziyisikhombisa. Isipinashi sitshalelwa kude ku-10-15 cm ngokulandelana, phakathi kwemigqa 30 cm cm.
Isipinishi esikhulayo ku-sill ngewindows
Ukulima isipinashi nokunakekelwa ekhaya esithombeni sewindows
Ukutshala isipinashi kufasitela ngembewu yokutshala kuma-greens, ungasebenzisa noma iziphi iziqukathi ezikulungele, into esemqoka ukuthi ukuphakama kwawo okungenani kube yi-15 cm: lezi zingaba ngamabhodwe noma izithombo, njalo ezinezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi ezansi. Sebenzisa inhlabathi evulekile, enempilo, ingxube yomhlaba yenhlabathi yezithombo ifanelekile.
- Tshala imbewu kaningi, kubude obuyi-5-6 cm komunye nomunye. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uzobanciphisa ibanga le-8-10 cm.
- Ukudepha okungu-1 cm.
- Ngemuva kokutshala, sihlala ku-atomizer, simboze ngefilimu kuze kuvele amahlumela, ngemuva kwalokho sikhipha indawo yokukhosela.
- Ukunakekelwa okuthe xaxa kulula kakhulu: ukunisela njengoba umhlabathi womile futhi kukhanyise ukukhanya okungapheli kwamahora ayi-10. Uma amahora okukhanya kwelanga efushane, udinga ukukhanyisa ngama-phytolamp.
Ukuvuna Isipinashi
Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela kwentwasahlobo, ungaqala ukuvuna isipinashi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30- 40 zokukhula, ngemuva kwehlobo - ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-40-50. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphuthelwa yisikhathi: uma ukuphuma kwesipinashi, amaqabunga eba amalahle futhi anganambitheki. Ukuvunwa kungaqala ngokuvela kwamaqabunga angama-5-6. Sika izisekelo ngaphansi kweshidi lokuqala noma udonse nezimpande. Ukuvunwa kungcono ekuseni, kepha hhayi ngokushesha ngemuva kwemvula noma ukuthambisa - amaqabunga ayabucekeka kakhulu, aphuka kalula.
Njengoba zikhula, kuvela amaqabunga amasha angavunwa kuze kube ukudubula okukhulu.
Ukusuka kumamitha ayi-1 ungaqoqa ama-1.5-2 kg wesilimo.
Kungenzeka ukuthutha, ukugcina isipinashi kuphela ngendlela eyomile. Esikhwameni sepulasitiki eshalofini elingaphansi kwesiqandisi, isipinashi sihlala sisha cishe izinsuku ezi-2. Kungaba yiqhwa - izakhiwo ezizuzisayo ngesikhathi sokuqandisa azilahleki.
Izifo zesipinashi kanye nezinambuzane
Kuyinto engathandeki ukufafaza imifino enamahlamvu ngesibulala-zinambuzane, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthatha izindlela zokuthibela. Landela ubuchwepheshe bezolimo, ukuvuna okufika ngesikhathi.
Lapho ukutshala kuxegisiwe, i-powdery isikhutha kanye nokubona okuhlukahlukene kungenzeka.
Amahlumela nezitshalo ezincane zingathinteka ngokubola kwezimpande: amagobongo entamo, isitshalo siyabuna bese sifa. Qiniseka ukuthi unciphisa izithombo, uthukulula inhlabathi.
Amaqabunga esipinashi ayimpumelelo aheha ama-aphid, ama-slugs, iminenke, izibungu zenundu lezimbiwa lapho lihlala kuzo. Ungakhuli isipinashi eduze kwama-beet. Qoqa ama-gastropods ngesandla.
Izinzuzo zesipinashi
Isipinatshi sicebile kunsimbi kuphela, kepha futhi kuluhlu lonke lwezakhamzimba, amavithamini. Amaqabunga aqukethe amafutha, amaprotheni, ushukela, i-fiber, ama-organic acid, ama-flavanoid, i-magnesium, i-potassium, amavithamini C, B, E, K, A, PP.
Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-folic acid kwenza isipinashi sibe usizo kakhulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ezinganeni ezincane kunikezwa ngendlela ye-puree yokuvimbela ama-rickets. Ukusetshenziswa kwesipinashi ekudleni kusiza ukuvikela izifo zesisu, kuvuselela amathumbu, kube nomphumela omnene we-laxative, kuvimbela ukuwohloka kwe-retinal, futhi kusebenzele isifo sikashukela, i-anemia ne-anemia.
Uprofesa waseSwitzerland uGustav von Bunge waphenya isipinashi esomile ngonyaka we-1890. Izibalo zakhe zazilungile (i-35 mg yensimbi nge-100 g yomkhiqizo owomile), kepha mhlawumbe lolu lwazi lwabonwa ngokungalungile, futhi oluye lwabangela ukudideka nokukhohlisa ekuhlolweni kokusebenziseka kwesipinashi.
