Isitshalo se-herbaceous perennial ofizim (i-Helictotrichon) singummeleli womndeni Myatlikovye noma iGrain. Ngokwemininingwane ethathwe emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-40-90. Igama lesayensi lesitshalo esinjalo lasungulwa kusuka kumbala wamagama esiGrikhi, okusho ukuthi "izinwele ezisontekile", lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amabala anemibala angezansi asontekile. Endle, izimvu zingatholakala e-Eurasia (hhayi kuphela ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo), kodwa futhi naseNingizimu Afrika naseNyakatho ne-Afrika. E-Asia kanye nasezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika, leli siko litholakala ezindaweni eziphakemeyo. Ngaphandle kokuhlukile, zonke izinhlobo zezimvu ziyizimila zamadlelo aluhlaza, kepha ngenxa yokuthi amahlamvu alo alukhuni kakhulu, akuvamile ukuthi kusetshenziswe ukondla imfuyo. Izimvu ezihlala ziluhlaza, noma i-oats emhlophe, noma i-oats enempilo (isiLatini Helictotrichon sempervirens = Avena candida = Avena sempervirens), esikhule njengosanhlamvu wokuhlobisa, sithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi. Imvelaphi yaseMedithera eseNtshonalanga kanye ne-Alps, itholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2,4 ngaphezulu kolwandle.
Izici zezimvu
Izimvu ze-evergreen yisona sitshalo esidala kakhulu se-herbaceous perennial, ukuphakama kwawo kungahluka kusuka kumasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-100. Isihlahla siyakwazi ukukhula size sifike kumasentimitha ayi-100 ububanzi. Uhlelo lwempande lwemvu enjalo luyindwangu futhi lujule ngokujulile. Amapuleti amancane aqondile omugqa wobude obuqondile afinyelela ku-50 cm, akha inhlama ebabazekayo. Umbala wazo uhluka kusuka ku-grey-blue kuya ku-green-grey. Isiqu sifinyelela ekuphakameni okungamamitha ayi-1,5, kuwo kukhona ama-inflorescence amancanyana aluhlaza okotshani, afinyelela kubude obungu-40 kuye ku-100 mm. Izimbali zivela ngoJulayi kuya ku-Agasti. Lolu hlobo lukhuni ubusika, futhi luhlobisa kakhulu, maqondana nalokhu, luvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekubunjweni komhlaba nasekwenziweni komhlaba.
Kufakwa imvu emhlabathini ovulekile
Imithetho yokufakelwa
Abalimi bathanda ukuzalanisa izimvu ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla, okuyindlela elula futhi esheshayo. Uma engadini yakho kungekho okusanhlamvu okunjalo okwamanje, ungakhula kusuka ezinhlameni ezithengiwe. Ukutshala kwabo kwenziwa ngqo enhlabathini evulekile ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo, kuyilapho bedinga ukungcwatshwa emhlabathini ngamamitha angama-20 kuphela. Ukuze izithombo zalesi sitshalo kulula ukunakekela. Uma kunesidingo, adinga ukuniselwa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi athukulula inhlabathi eduze kwezitshalo. Amahlumela asekhulile kudingeka atshalwe, ukuze acace xaxa. Lapho ukufakelwa, izitshalo zithatha inhlama enkulu yomhlaba.
Uma kufiswa, izimvu zingatshalwa ngezithombo. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwembewu kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sentwasahlobo. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa izimbiza ngazinye, ngoba lapho kufakwa kabusha noma kudonswa ihlumela ekhabetheni elivamile, uhlelo lwazo lwezimpande lungalimala kalula. Lapho izithombo ziba namandla, kufanele zidluliselwe enhlabathini evulekile, kunconywa ukuba zikwenze lokhu ngendlela yokudlulisela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izithombo zokuqala ziniselwa kakhulu, khona-ke kuthathwa ummese bese uhlangothi lwawo lwangemuva ludonswa phakathi kwesiqalo nezindonga zesitsha kulo lonke ukujula. Ngenxa yalokho, ingxube yenhlabathi izohlukanisa nezindonga zembiza. Ngemuva kwalokho, isitsha sibekwa ohlangothini lwaso futhi isihlahla sikhishwa ngokucophelela kuso kanye nengxube yenhlabathi. Ngemuva kwalokho ibekwa emgodini, okufanele ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Isikhala samahhala emgodini simbozwe inhlabathi. Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, ukudonsa noma ukudonsa isitshalo kwenqatshelwe.
Ukukhulisa isiko elinjalo, indawo ekhanyiswe kahle efanelekile. Kuhle kakhulu uma itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yengadi. Kumamitha ayi-1 esiza kunconywa ukuthi ungatshali izihlahla ezingaphezu kuka-4. Lapho wenza uthango lwezimvu ngesikhathi sokutshala phakathi kwezihlahla, kubonwa ibanga eli-0,4-0,5 m. Ngokutshala okukodwa kwesitshalo esinjalo, ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla ezitshaliwe kufanele libe likhudlwana. I-optimum enhle yezimvu ezikhulayo inomhlaba owomile futhi oxegayo, ngenkathi kufanele ungavuni Isiko elinjalo ngeke likhule ngokujwayelekile enhlabathini evundile nenomswakama, futhi izindawo ezinombala azilungele. Uma utshala imvu emthunzini, khona-ke amaqabunga ayo azolahlekelwa umphumela wawo wokuhlobisa, ngoba uzomane uphenduke uluhlaza.
Ukunakekela imvu engadini
Lapho sikhule ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, lesi sitshalo esinjalo asidingi kuniselwa ngisho nangezinsuku ezishisayo nezomile zasehlobo. Lolu hlobo luhambisana nezimo zezulu, ngakho-ke uma umswakama omkhulu ubonwa ngezinsuku ezishisayo, lokhu kuzoba nomthelela ongemuhle kwizimbali. Ukunisela izimvu kudingekile kuphela uma kuba nesomiso isikhathi eside, ngoba ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi esihlahleni, ukukhula kwamahlamvu amasha kuzoyeka, bese kuthi leyo elidala liqale ukoma.
Ukuze ulondoloze ukuhlobisa kwesitshalo esinjalo, akudingi ukuthi sondliwe kaningi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7 isihlahla sitshalwe enhlabathini evulekile, kufanele sinikezwe kusetshenziswa umanyolo omncane. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa isikhathi esingu-1 ngenkathi ngayinye ngomanyolo onamaminerali.
Ubusika
Lapho ukuqhakaza kwalesi sitshalo kuphela, ama-inflorescence aphelelwe ukusebenza kwawo kufanele asuswe. Izinhlamvu ezinjalo zokukhosela ebusika azidingeki. Ngesikhathi sokuqala kobusika, umbala wesihlahla awuguquki futhi uhlala uluhlaza okotshani. Entwasahlobo, izingcwecwe zamaqabunga ezinamaqabunga zitholakala ngamahlamvu aluhlaza, zibukeka njengezindwangu ezimpunga. Ukuze isitshalo siphinde sikhange futhi, la makhasi kufanele akhishwe, kuyilapho kufanele uzame ukubamba isandla sakho eduze kwesisekelo sepuleti ngangokunokwenzeka. Lapho kuphela ubusika besithathu, isitshalo sizodinga ukwenziwa kabusha.
Ukuzalusa kwezimvu
Izinhlamvu ezinjalo zisatshalaliswa ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla nembewu. Mayelana nendlela yembewu yokuzala ingafundwa ngenhla. Lapho kuphela ubusika besithathu, isihlahla sizolahlekelwa ubuhle baso bokuqala, ngakho-ke siyodinga ukususwa emhlabeni, sihlukaniswe izingxenye futhi sitshalwe. Le nqubo yenziwa entwasahlobo. Uma isihlahla sitshaliwe noma sihlukaniswe ekwindla, lapho-ke kuzoba buthakathaka kakhulu, futhi uma kuphuma ubusika obumanzi, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ukubola kuvele esihlahleni. Amabhishi weminyaka emithathu abekezelela ukwahlukana kanye nokufakelwa kahle.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Izimvu zimelana kakhulu nazo zonke izinambuzane. Uma isikhathi sasehlobo saphenduka sishisa futhi sinomswakama, nenhlabathi endaweni lapho kukhula khona la makhorali ingakhanywa kahle, khona-ke uhlelo lwempande lwesihlahla lungathinteka kakhulu yisifo sokukhunta, bese ukubola kungavela kukho ebusika.
Uma isimo sezulu sishisa futhi umswakama usuphakeme, khona-ke ngenxa yalokhu kuqhakaza, izimvu ziba mbalwa kakhulu, futhi ekugcineni kwenkathi yehlobo, isihlahla singathinteka ngenxa yokugqwala. Ukuze uvikele lesi sifo ukuze kutshalwe okusanhlamvu, kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe lezo zindawo ezishaywe kahle kakhulu. Amabhishi akhubazekile kufanele afafazwe nge-fungicide, ngokwesibonelo, uketshezi lweBordeaux
Uma uhlelo lwempande lubola, khona-ke isihlahla sizodinga ukususwa emhlabathini, bese zonke izindawo ezithintekile zinqunywe ngokucophelela. Beka ukusikeka kufanele kufafazwe ngamalahle aqhekekile. Ngemuva kwalokhu, lesi sitshalo sitshalwe kwenye indawo, kuyilapho kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uzodinga ukukhishwa okuhle kakhulu.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zezimvu ezinezithombe namagama
Izinhlobo zezimvu ezilandelayo zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi:
I-Desert Sheep (Helictotrichon desertorum)
Lolu hlobo lwe-steppe yi-European-West Asia. Ezifundeni eziningana zeRussian Federation, lolu hlobo luhlelwe ku-Red Book futhi lubhekwa njengolusengozini. Imvu enjalo ingumbala obangelwa usoddy obomvana. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungahluka kusuka kumamitha ayi-0,5 kuye kwangama-0.5. Amahlamvu wesitshalo esinjalo ahlanganiswa. Ama-inflorescence ama-Narrow panicrate aqukethe ama-spikelets ama-2 noma ama-3, afinyelela cishe amasentimitha ayi-1,4 ubude. Izithelo zezimvu ziyefana nezinye zabanye abamele umndeni wakwaCereals, okungukuthi, okusanhlamvu. Le nhlobo ihlakulelwa ngokulingana futhi, njengomthetho, ikhula njengesitshalo sokuhlola.
Izimvu ezi-Fluffy (iHelictotrichon pubescens), noma i-pubescent izimvu
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, lolu hlobo lwezimvu lungatholakala eCaucasus, engxenyeni eseYurophu yaseRussia, eYurophu, eCentral nase-Asia Minor, kanye nasengxenyeni eseningizimu yeSiberia, ngenkathi ithanda ukukhula ezikhungweni zama-glade, amadamichi nezitebele. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-0.3 kuya kumamitha ayi-1,2. I-rhizome imfushane. Njengomthetho, amapuleti amaqabunga angama-pubescent anezinwele ezimfishane ezimfishane, ububanzi bamaqabunga bube ngu-0.4-1 centimeter. Ubude be-inflorescence bethukile cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-15, bafaka umbala ogqamile ophundwe kathathu-omine (otholwe ngombala wombala onsomi), ubude bawo ngamasentimitha ayi-1,2-1,7. Lesi sitshalo sokudla siyakwazi ukunikeza isivuno esicebile uma sikhule endaweni enamanzi noma yezikhukhula. Lapho ikhule enhlabathini eyomile, amahlamvu aseduze nezihlahla ayaqina futhi aqine kakhulu.
Izimvu ezihlala ziluhlaza
Ukuchazwa kwalolu hlobo kungatholakala ekuqaleni kwendatshana. Kancane kancane, ukuthandwa kwale nhlobo phakathi kwabalimi nabafuyi bezitshalo kukhula ngokuqinile. Izinhlobo zezingadi ezidumile:
- I-Pendula - izindlebe eziqhakaza zesihlahla drooping futhi ezisindayo;
- I-Robust - iyamelana kakhulu nokugqwala, ngisho nasehlobo elimanzi;
- ISapphire sprudel - lesi sitshalo siyamelana nokugqwala, amahlamvu apendwe ngombala ocebile onsomi, umbala ongasho lutho wama-spikelets amafomu wombala wesiliva eduze nesihlahla.
