Ungasindisa kanjani ama-roses ebusika?

Ekuphepheni kwama roses ebusika, udinga ukucabanga lapho esethengile. Ungathengi ama-rosehouse abamba ukushisa; avame ukuthengiswa entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo ngemuva kokuqunjelwa ubusika. Ama-roses anjalo ngokwawo kungenzeka angabi nobusika-ama-hardy, futhi amasheya awo ngokuvamile awahlukile ekumeni kwesithwathwa, ikakhulukazi kumaroses angenisiwe. Akunakwenzeka ukubahlukanisa kusukela engadini (hhayi abamba ukushisa) roses ngokubukeka. Ukuphela kwendlela yokuthenga izithombo kusuka kubahlinzeki abathembekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-roses engadini wona abe nezinhlobonhlobo eziqinile noma ezingatheni. Abakhiqizi abaningi bama roses ezinkulwini zabo baqokomisa ama-rose angenakubekezela kakhulu emaqenjini ahlukahlukene epaki noma ahlaba. Ama-roses anjalo, ngokuvamile, abekezelela ubusika kangcono kunama roses ngamanye amaqembu ahlukahlukene, isibonelo itiye-hybrid. Kodwa-ke, kunokuhluka okuningi.

I-rose ebusika

Udinga ukunakekela ubusika bama roses noma ngabe utshale nini

Kuyadingeka futhi ukucabanga ngobukhulu bama-roses: kulula ukumboza isendlalelo (isicashunjana nesembozo somhlaba), nokuphakama okude (okungewona) ukusakazeka) okungaphezulu kwe-1,1-1,5 m (ukukhuphuka kwe-semi and high-flowed) kunzima kakhulu.

Ukucabanga ngokulondoloza ama-roses ebusika, kufanele futhi utshale ama-roses:

• ama-roses akhula eqenjini kulula ukuwavikela kwisithwathwa kunokuhlakazeka ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zensimu;
• Umanyolo awukwazi ukwethulwa emigodini yokutshala, engadala ukukhula okusebenzayo kwehlumela ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla. I-nitrogen (ngesimo samanyolo wamaminerali nokwakheka kwe-humus) kungcono ukwenza okungaphansi kokuningi.

Ekugcineni, ukulungiselela ubusika obuphumelelayo bama-roses, ukubalungiselela ubusika obulandelayo kubaluleke kakhulu:

• akudingekile ukusika izimbali ekugcineni kwehlobo nokwindla, lokhu kuholela ekukhuleni kwamahlumela amasha, ongeke asaba nesikhathi sokuvuthwa ebusika futhi afe (kwesinye isikhathi namagatsha we-oda langaphambili);
• kusukela phakathi nehlobo, kungcono ukuyeka ukondla ama-roses (ama-roses awadingi izakhi zomzimba eziningi, ngakho-ke intwasahlobo nokuqala kwasekuqaleni kokudla ngomanyolo okunamaminerali noma oku-organic kwanele isizini yonke);
• kuyadingeka ngo-Okthoba (ngeRussia ephakathi nendawo) ukusula kancane ama-rose kusuka emaqabungeni (kusukela phansi) (ahlukaniswa namagatsha ngokuhamba kusuka phezulu kuya phansi futhi kanye namahlamvu asele ewile asuswa kude nama-roses; kungcono ukuwashisa ukuvimba ukusakazeka kwesikhunta se-pathogenic fungi spores) .

Ukuvikela ama-roses nge-hilling.

Empeleni, azikho izindlela ezifanele zokuvikela ama-roses kuzo zonke izikhathi. Okuningi kuncike emandleni omgcini wegadi nokutholakala kwezinto zokumboza, ezimweni ezithile zesimo sezulu, ekumeni kwesithwathwa kwama roses, ubukhulu bawo kanye nekhono lokugoba phansi.

Iyiphi indlela yokubeka ama-roses okufanele ukhethe?

Umgcini wegadi ngokwakhe kufanele anqume ukuthi iziphi izindlela zokusebenzisa indawo yokukhosela, kodwa ngenxa yalokhu udinga ukukhumbula lokhu okulandelayo:

• ngenkathi ebandayo (futhi hhayi ebusika kuphela) ama-roses angalimala yiqhwa, athintwe isikhunta se-pathogenic, amagatsha angabhidliza zombili ngesikhathi sokukhosela nangaphansi kwesisindo seqhwa;
• i-rose enkulu elungiselelwe kahle ubusika emzileni ophakathi nendawo ngeke icishe ife, noma ingenandawo yokukhosela (okuhlukile kuba yiqhwa "elimnyama", lapho kungesiwona kuphela umhlaba ongaphezulu, kodwa futhi nengxenye yesihlahla esingaphansi komhlaba kungabanda ngenxa yokuntuleka kweqhwa);
• i-rose evele ebusika ngokulahleka okukhulu kwengxenye yomoya ibuthaka kakhulu, futhi ubusika obulandelayo bungaba obokugcina kuyo (isitshalo asinaso isikhathi sokukhulisa ingxenye yomoya ngesikhathi sasehlobo sethu esifushane enyakatho); umsebenzi womgcini wegadi awukhona nje ukugcina i-rose iphila, kodwa ukugcina, uma kungenzeka, ingxenye yayo engaphezulu;
• ekwindla, ama-roses kancane kancane azilungiselela amaqhwa (ngokusho kwami, izinga lokushisa elibucayi lama-roses e-hybrid maphakathi noSepthemba ngu -5 ° C, maphakathi no-Okthoba -7 ° C, engxenyeni yokuqala kaNovemba -10 ° C, engxenyeni yesibili kaNovemba - cishe -15 ° C ngisho -18 ° C);
• ama-runun (hhayi kuphela ngenxa yezimbali, kepha nendawo yokukhosela ebusika), ukugoqwa kusenesikhathi kwamabhasi akugcini nje ngokuvimba inqubo yemvelo yokulungiselela ama-frost, kodwa futhi kungaphuca ngokuphelele izitshalo zokuwa kwazo, ikakhulukazi uma kunezinsuku eziningi ezifudumele ekwindla; i-rose iphila ngokunganaki, ngisho neqhwa elincane lingakuchitha;
• uma ushiya izithelo ehlobo ngemuva kokuqhakaza ekugcineni kwehlobo, isitshalo "asicabangi" ngokukhula okusha kwehlumela, ama-buds awavuki, futhi i-rose enjalo iwina kangcono.

Ukuvikela ama-roses ezifweni ngesikhathi sasebusika

Izifo azisho ukuthi zingaphansi kwesithwathwa ezisongela ama-roses - ebusika nasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphansi kwezindawo zokukhosela emazingeni okushisa amancane amahle, isifo esiyingozi sokukhunta - ukushiswa kwama roses - okuthe ukukhula amagatsha. Kuvela amabala ansundu amnyama eziqwini. Ukunwebeka, kuholela ekufeni kwalo lonke igatsha ngenhla kwesibindi. Uma uvula ama-roses ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, ngaphandle kokulinda iqhwa liwele, ungaphazamisa isikhathi esivumelana nokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo. Le nto esemqoka.

Kuyasiza nokufafaza ama-roses ngaphambi kokukhosela ngama-fungicides (ngokwesibonelo, i-iron noma i-sulfate yethusi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhle ukukhipha ama-rose ngesihlabathi esihlanzekile ekwindla ukukhosela ingxenye engezansi yezitshalo efrijini nasekuvikeleni ezifweni. Akunakwenzeka ukusabalalisa ngomhlaba othathwe ngaphansi kwe-rose, ngoba ingaqukatha amagciwane amaningi "angenabungane" kanye nezikhunta ezinkunguthi.

Kubi futhi ukuqaqa nge-peat kanye ne-sawdust - okokuqandisa, bakha isihlangu esingaphetheki ngokushisa ngentwasahlobo. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-rose ingafa ngenxa yokuthi entwasahlobo ngaphansi kwelanga ingxenye esemoyeni iphaphama ngokushesha, futhi izimpande zisesimweni esishisayo amasonto ambalwa enhlabathini ebandayo. Lapho izimpande sezifudumele ekugcineni, ingxenye esemoyeni ingafa.

Igobolondo lama roses ebusika.

Indlela eyomile yokuphehla ama-rose ebusika

Ngokwazi bonke lobu bunzima, ungaya ngobunono ekukhetheni indawo yokuhlala yama-roses. Okuthembeke kakhulu (yize kunokubaluleke kakhulu kakhulu ezintweni ezibonakalayo) kubhekwa njengendlela yokukhosela umoya omile. I-canopy yamabhodi noma izihlangu ihlelwe ngaphezulu kwama roses, ekwazi ukumelana nokucindezela kweqhwa. I-canopy iphumula ezinsikeni zezitini noma izingodo ezimbiwe emhlabathini. Phezulu imbozwe ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe, futhi okungcono kakhulu - ngokugoqwa kwepulasitiki, ungagugile (kulula ukuyivula entwasahlobo ukuze kungene umoya omncane). Imiphetho yefilimu icindezelwa phansi ngamatshe, ngezitini.

Ukuphakama kombhede kufanele kube ngendlela yokuthi ukwazi ukugoba amagatsha ama-roses, uwavimbele ekuqhekekeni, ukuthola ama-rose amakhulu akhuphukayo anamagatsha amade angama-60-80 cm, kuwo wonke amanye - 30-60 cm.Eziqandeni ezinzima kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukwengeza iqhwa endaweni yokukhosela kusuka emaphethelweni (ngaphandle kokubeka obala, umhlaba, uzungeze ezinye izitshalo ezibalulekile). Ekuqaleni nokuphakathi kukaMashi, ngihlanza iqhwa kusuka phansi, lokhu kungivumela ukuba ngiphume emazingeni okushisa afudumele ukuze kukhule i-rose burn. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifilimu ingaphakanyiswa kusuka emikhawulweni yomoya omncane.

AmaRoses ngaphansi kwendawo yokuhlala ebomile yomoya ebusika (uma konke kwenziwa ngesikhathi) kungabikho ukuhlaselwa nokulahleka kwezingxenye zasemoyeni.

Manje ngesikhathi. Kuyadingeka ukumboza ama-roses lapho kulindeleke ukupholisa (ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka ebusuku) ngezansi -10 ... -12 ° С. Njengomthetho, lena yingxenye yesibili kaNovemba. Akusizi ngalutho ukukhosela kusuka ekuqaleni (ngoSepthemba no-Okthoba) isithwathwa - ngeke zilimaze ama-roses, futhi ama-roses ngeke athole ukuqina ngenxa yokukhosela ekuqaleni.

Indlela eyomile yomoya ivikela kahle ama-rose kusuka emonakalweni - zombili ngesikhathi sokuphephela ekwindla nangaphansi kwesisindo seqhwa ebusika nasentwasahlobo. Kuvikela kakhulu nasebandeni kahle. Kepha kusuka ekushiseni okungapheli - hhayi njalo. Iqiniso ngukuthi entwasahlobo angifuni ukuvula ama-roses uma ambozwe ngokuqinile, futhi nangokwengeziwe uma iqhwa lingakancibilika. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngoFebhuwari-Mashi, ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela, kwasekuvele kukhona amazinga okushisa amancane amancane afanele ukhunta oluyingozi.

Ukuvikela ama-rose kulesi sifo uma ukuvulwa kwawo kubambezelekile, akukubi:

• amabhodi okugcina ama-roses minyaka yonke aphathwa nge-antiseptic;
• ama-secateurs blade lapho usebenza nama-roses kuvame ukubulawa amagciwane (i-potanganum permanganate, utshwala, umlilo ngomlilo, njll.);
• ekwindla, ama-spud roses ngesihlabathi esihlanzekile (avikela ingxenye engezansi yesihlahla, athambekele kalula ezifweni);
• mulch inhlabathi ekwindla ngamagatsha ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi noma nganoma yisiphi esinye semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla (ukuhlukaniswa emithonjeni kungenzeka spores fungal);
• ukuqoqa ukushisa amahlamvu rose eliwile kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula.

Ngokuvamile, indawo yokuhlala eyomile yomoya ilungele ukulondolozwa kwama roses ebusika. Kodwa-ke, kufaka phakathi ukuvalwa kanye nokuvulwa kwama-roses ngesikhathi esifanele, ukutshala imali isikhathi nesikhathi ngezinto eziningi. Akuwona wonke umuntu okwaziyo ukuyikhokhela futhi angathanda indlela elula yokuphephela, enikela ngokuthembela ebusika.

Shelter of roses nge ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi

Okulandelayo kungaphakanyiselwa bona. Roses yokukhosela ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, ngemuva kokuhlwitha amaqabunga aphansi. Amagatsha agobela phansi, embozwe ungqimba olulodwa lwamagatsha e-spruce spruce. Lokhu kungqimba kuvimbela ama-roses ukuthi angathinti inhlabathi, kepha udlulisa ngokukhululeka ukushisa komhlaba kuma roses. Phezu kwama roses kubekwe ungqimba lwamagatsha angama-spruce nezinto ezingasuki. Le ungqimba we-lapnik uvikela indwangu engasasebenziyo futhi ngasikhathi sinye izandla zisuka ezinalwaneni zama roses. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ufaka ama-roses.

Ukuze uvikele ama-roses kusuka ekuqhekekeni, ngaphambi kokukugoqa kubalulekile ukubeka ngaphansi kwamagatsha kasayizi ofanele we-lining (bheka. Fig.). Avikela amagatsha ekulimaleni kwesisekelo. Ukugcina amagatsha egobile, kuyaphinwa noma kusetshenziswe uhlobo oluthile lomthwalo. Ngezinye izikhathi kunesisindo esanele samagatsha e-spruce. Izinto ezingezona ezilukiwe zicindezelwa ezungeze uzungezwe ngamatshe. Njengasikhathi sonke, kuyasiza ukukhipha isisekelo sesihlahla ngesihlabathi ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ukuze kube lula, lesi sibalo sibonisa indawo yokuhlala ye-rose eyodwa, kodwa ngendlela efanayo, ungakwazi ukumboza iqembu lama roses ngokushesha. Kunzima kuphela ukugoba ama-roses aseduze ngasikhathi sinye.

Kuyadingeka ukuvula ama-roses entwasahlobo kancane kancane. Futhi khumbula ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi zingalimala:

• kusuka eziqandeni ezibucayi zokubuyisa (ngokususa kusenesikhathi kakhulu futhi kungafanele);
• kusuka ekushiseni okungatheleleki (uma, ngokungafani nalokho, ukufakwa kususwa sekwedlule isikhathi);
• kusuka ekushisweni yilanga (uma isithunzi sisuswa ngaphambi kokuba inhlabathi isishise).

Baqala ukuvula ama-roses enkabeni yeRussia, imvamisa engxenyeni yokuqala kaMashi (kuya ngesimo sezulu). Ngasikhathi sinye, basusa ingxenye yeqhwa futhi bavule ifilimu lokukhosela ukuze bakhiphe izindwani. Ngemuva kokudalulwa okugcwele, ama-roses ayathenwa. Kepha lesi esinye isigaba empilweni yama roses.

Vele, ukulondolozwa kwama roses ebusika ikakhulu kuya ngenhlanhla (noma kunalokho, esimeni sezulu). Kepha kuncike kuwe kuphela ukuthi ungazifaka engcupheni yama-roses akho noma iphesenti elilodwa noma amabili kuphela.

V. Vysheslavtsev,

"Ungawonga kanjani ama-rose ebusika",

Ingadi nengadi yemifino.