UMargelan radish uthole igama elingajwayelekile kangako ukuhlonipha inhloko-dolobha yakudala yomgwaqo iSilk Road, ovela eChina, unqamula emazweni aseCentral nase-Asia Minor ukuya eYurophu. Isithombo sezimpande ezafika edolobheni laseMargilan kwaba ukunambitheka kwezakhamizi zesigodi saseFerghana, zaqala ukulinywa ngabalimi bendawo futhi, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwesilika, zaba yingxenye yesiko nomlando wendawo.
Kodwa-ke, uMargelan isithombo unamanye amagama. Abantu abaningi bayazi le nkambiso njengamaShayina noma ama-radish aluhlaza, futhi izakhamizi zoMbuso WaseMiddle East zibiza lo mbumbulu ngokuthi uLebo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo olukhona lwesiShayina lwenkulumo ye-turnip isitshela ngezinkinga zomuntu ompofu ophakamise isithombo samaMargelan ngaphandle kokukhipha emhlabathini.
Isitshalo sezimpande zeLobhi equkethe inani elingelutho lamafutha emastadi lithambile kunepulpiti le-radish yaseYurophu nezinye izinhlobo zokutshala isithombo.
Ezitsheni ezivela kuMargelan isithombo kukhona cishe akukho bumnandi. Futhi maqondana nobuncane, uju nokunambitheka, isiko lithatha isikhundla esiphakathi kwesihlava esaziwayo samaJapan, i-daikon, nezinye izinhlobo zohlobo. Ukuba namagama amaningi, i-radish ibuye ihluke ngesimo nangombala wezilimo zezimpande, ezingaba nxazonke futhi zibe zinde, ziluhlaza okukhanyayo futhi zicishe zimhlophe, zipinki-nsomi futhi zicishe zibomvu, njenge-radish, kepha zihlala zinekhanda eliluhlaza eduze kwesiqongo. Ngisho nenyama ngaphakathi iluhlaza noma imhlophe, noma ipinki.
Ngendlela, izinhlobo ze-radish ezinengqimba engaphezulu eluhlaza okotshani nokuyipulasitiki ekhanyayo ebomvu noma obomvu okubizwa ngokuthi yi-watermelon. Futhi namuhla, isithombo esinjalo saseMargelan sikhula ngabalimi emhlabeni wonke futhi sisenothweni oludumile phakathi kwama-gourmets.
IsiShayina noma isiMargelan isithombo sikhulu kune-radish emnyama ne-radish. Isisindo esijwayelekile sesitshalo esiyimpande ingahluka kusuka kuma-300 kuya ku-1500 amagremu. Futhi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isivakashi saseChinese esivandeni saseRussia asilona usizo kakhulu, kufanelekile isiko elinjalo lidinga ukunakekelwa nokunakwa okwanele.
Ukutshala nokunakekela isithombo seMargelan
Njengezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ezimpande, ibunzi lihlwanyelwa ngokushesha emhlabathini. Isikhathi lapho kungenzeka khona ukutshala isithombo seMargelan sikhethwe ngokuya ngobuningi bezinhlobonhlobo ezikhethiwe kanye nezimpawu zezulu zesifunda. Imvamisa, imbewu iwela emhlabathini ngasikhathi sinye izikhathi ezimbili:
- Ukuhlwanyelwa kwentwasahlobo kwenziwa kusuka engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli kuze kube maphakathi noMeyi.
- Ehlobo, iMargelan isithombo singatshalwa kusuka eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaJulayi kuze kube uSepthemba, uma isimo sezulu sivuma.
Uma uhlwanyela ebunzini entwasahlobo, ungathola ukwakheka okukhulu kwama-peduncle ezitshalweni ezingakakwenzi isivuno sezimpande. Lokhu kungenxa yamahora okukhanya kwemini akhuphukayo ngalesi sikhathi kanye nokuqala okushisayo kwehlobo.
Izitshalo zezimbali kuzodingeka zisuswe, ngoba azikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukudla, nombhede awuhlwanyelwanga.
Ukuhlwanyela nokutshala isithombo seMargelan kwikota yesibili kuqeda lelo thuba elingajabulisi, futhi njengoba lesi sitshalo sibekezelela amaqhwa akhanyayo kalula, izitshalo zezimpande ziyakwazi ukukhulisa isisindo namandla ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.
Izinga lokushisa elingcono kakhulu lokukhulisa izitshalo ngu-18-22 ° C, ngenkathi imbewu iqala ukukhula ngo-4-5 ° C. Kepha esimweni sezulu esishisayo, lapho isilinganiso sokushisa sansuku zonke sidlula i-+25 ° C, kanye nasentwasahlobo, lapho umoya ungafudumali ngaphezu kwe-+15 ° C, ingozi yokubona izithungo zezimbali zikhula kanzima phezu kombhede.
Ukukhetha isiza sokukhula isithombo seMargelan
I-Margelan radish inikeza ukuvuna okuhle kunhlabathi engathathi hlangothi noma ene-acidic, ikakhulukazi ekhanyayo, enothile wezinto eziphilayo.
Inhlabathi yokutshala izilimo ilungiswe kusengaphambili, umquba, i-mullein noma umquba wethulwa ungekho ngaphansi kwe-radish uqobo, kodwa ngaphansi kwesitshalo esedlule.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izilimo ezimpande, lapho kukhona umquba omusha enhlabathini, zingakwazi ukuqongelela i-nitrogen, zilahlekelwe ukunambitheka kwazo kanye nokuzithengisa, ziqhekeke futhi zigcinwe kubi kakhulu.
Uma umanyolo we-organic ungafakwanga ngesikhathi, kungcono ukwenza kuphela ngezithasiselo zamaminerali. Lapho kugaywa, kuyo yonke imitha yesikwele yenhlabathi, kufakwa amagremu angama-20-30 wamafutha omquba, i-superphosphate ne-ammonium sulfate. Ukumba uzungu ngaphansi kwesihlahla samaShayina kufanele kube kujule, kungabi ngaphansi kwama-25-30 cm. Uma ukuhlwanyelwa kufanele kwenziwe ezweni eliphansi, kungcono ukukhulisa imibhede ngo-10-15 cm.
Isilimo esizayo sihambisana nekhwalithi yembewu. Uma kufika isikhathi sokutshala isithombo seMargelan, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu iyahlelwa, ihlukanise imbewu engenalutho, eyonakele noma engavuthiwe. Njengoba isithombo saseChinese sihlukaniswa izitshalo ezinkulu zezimpande, ama-grooves enziwa kude okungenani ngamasentimitha angama-30. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa izingcezu ezimbili noma ezintathu ibanga le-15-18 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
- Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imibhede iyaniselwa, futhi ngemuva kokutshala inhlabathi, uma kunesidingo, ukuthambisa isithombo seMargelan kuyaphindwa ngokucophelela.
- Amahlumela azovela ngokushesha uma usakaza into esembozweni esizeni, engasuswa lapho kuqhuma amahlumela.
- Uma kusetshenziswe imbewu emanzi, ukuhluma kufanele kulindelwe ngemuva kwesonto, imbewu eyomile iqhuma izinsuku eziningana isikhathi eside.
Esigabeni samaqabunga amabili noma amathathu, ukuthamba kwezitshalo kuyenziwa.
Ukudlulisa izithombo akunconyelwanga, kepha uma lokhu kudingekile, kubalulekile ukuthi ungalimazi impande futhi udlulise isitshalo kuphela ngenhlama yomhlaba.
UMargelan ukunakekelwa kwezinso kanye nezinkinga ezikhulayo
Njengoba isithombo seMargelan sikhula, sidinga ukuthambisa kaningi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezimpande. Isiko elishiywe ngaphandle komswakama lapho kushisa landa kakhulu, lilahlekelwe ubukhazikhazi, futhi ukunambitheka kwalo kubi kakhulu.
- Lapho izilimo zezimpande zikhula ziye kufinyelele kuhlobo lwemali engama-ruble ayi-10, zondliwa okokuqala, zisebenzisa amagremu angama-25-30 womanyolo onzima ngemitha eyodwa.
- Esihlabathini noma kwesinye, hhayi ngenhlabathi enempilo kakhulu, ukugqoka okungaphezulu kuphindaphindwa kabili, nenhlabathi ecebile kube kanye kuphela.
- Kumaviki amathathu ngaphambi komzuzu lapho kufanele ukuvuna, ukusetshenziswa komanyolo ikakhulukazi we-nitrogen kumisiwe.
Ngaphezu kokunisela nokugqoka okungaphezulu, ukunakekela isithombo esitshaliwe saseMargelan akwenzi ngaphandle kwezinye izindlela. Ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, amahlamvu empeleni asusa wonke ukhula, kanye nawo wonke amaqabunga aphuzi awele phansi, okuzovumela ukukhanya ukungena ngokujulile emasimini nokuvimbela ukubonakala kwezinambuzane namagciwane esihlahleni. Ngenhloso efanayo, kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi bokuqhakaza, amaqabunga anempilo ayanqunywa, ukuvimba ukufinyelela komoya nokukhanya ezitshalweni engadini.
Izimpande zezilimo zezimpande ezivela ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi zihlanganiswa kahle, zivimbela isithombo ukuba singangeni emoyeni futhi sihlaselwe yizilokazane nezinye izilokazane.
Phakathi kwezitha ze-Chinese radish kukhona izinambuzane ezihlukumeza izitshalo zomndeni weklabishi. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukungakhuli isithombo seMargelan ngemuva kwesithombo, zonke izinhlobo zeklabishi, isinaphi noma itheniphu, futhi ngokuzithandela imibhede iphathwa ngothuli lukabhemi noma ukumiliselwa umhlonyane.
Ukumba nini isithombo?
Yize iMargelan isithombo ibekezelela isithwathwa esincane, kungcono ukuvuna izilimo zezimpande ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo. Nini ukugaya isigaxa isithombo? Kulokhu, ungagxila ekuvuthweni kwesiko:
- Izinhlobo zokuqala zikulungele ukumba ezinsukwini ezingama-57-70 ngemuva kokuhluma.
- I-Mid-isizini kanye ne-Chinese radish esephuzile ivunwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-70-110.
Ukuhlanza kwenziwa ngesimo sezulu esomile. Uma kufanele uvune isivuno sasehlobo, kungcono ukukhipha isithombo ekuseni noma kusihlwa, lapho kungekho ilanga elikhanyayo.
I-Margelan radish ingadonswa emhlabathini ovulekile, okhanyayo ngokubamba iziqongo, hhayi kude nesisekelo sokuphuma. Futhi ukuze kungalimali isithombo esikhulu kumakhilogremu noma enhlabathini yobumba, izitshalo ezimpande kuzofanela zimbiwe ngokucophelela.
Izimpande ezinempilo, ngaphandle kokusikeka nokuklanywa, zisuswa ukuze zigcinwe, lapho iziqongo zisuswa khona, kushiya izindebe zingasenamaphesenti angama-2-3. Esipondweni sangaphansi noma ngaphansi, isithombo seMargelan singaphila kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izilimo zezimpande zibekwa emabhokisini bese zifafazwa ngesihlabathi, emva kwalokho iziqukathi zifakwa egumbini elinokushisa okungu-0-1 ° C kanye nomswakama womoya ongaba ngu-85-90%.
