zu.crushingplants.info
Amajikijolo

Ukutshala ama-raspberries entwasahlobo: izeluleko zabaqalayo

Amajikijolo anamakha atshalwe ezindaweni eziningi engadini. Uthandwa ngabaningi, abasizayo futhi ongazithobi. Kodwa, njenganoma yisiphi esinye isitshalo, kudinga ukunakekelwa okufanele. Ukutshala ama-raspberry entwasahlobo yabaqalayo kungaba nzima ngenxa yokuntuleka kolwazi mayelana nezici zokukhula kanye nokukhula kwezihlahla zama-berry. Kepha igebe kulula ukuligcwalisa.

Ungaqala nini ukutshala ama-raspberries - entwasahlobo, ekwindla, ehlobo?

Amajikijolo angatshalwa kuyo yonke inkathi efudumele. Kepha ukuzijwayeza kukhombisile ukuthi isikhathi esihle sale nqubo intwasahlobo. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu.

Ngokutshala ama-raspberries, enye yezinkomba eziphambili kuyizinga lokushisa elithandekayo

  1. Lapho kuqala ukushisa ezitshalweni kuqala ukuphuma kwe-sap. Kuqinisa amasosha omzimba futhi yenze kube lula ukubekezelela ukusebenza kobuhlungu njengokuthena, ukutshala, ukugoma.
  2. Entwasahlobo, izimo zezemvelo zithandeka kakhudlwana: akukho ukushisa okushisa okushisayo ehlobo lesimo sezulu nesekwindla.
  3. Izinambuzane eziningi namagciwane awasebenzi.

Izikhathi ezithandekayo nazo zibhekwa njengokuqala kwehlobo (ishumi lokuqala noma lesibili likaJuni) nengxenye yesibili ka-Agasti. Ngalezi zikhathi zonyaka, izitshalo ezincane azikasongeliswa ukushisa kokushisa kanye nomswakama owedlulele. Enye inkathi efanelekile kungukuqala kwekwindla. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-raspberries asevele ethatha izintambo futhi ngeke ahlupheke kabuhlungu lapho kukhethwa izinto zokutshala.

Izindlela zokufakelwa

Kunezindlela eziningana zokutshala ama-raspberries. Kukhona nohlelo lonke oluthuthukiswe umlimi waseKurgan u-A.G. I-Sobolev. Le ndlela iqinisekiswe iminyaka eminingi yokusebenza, isebenza kahle futhi iyasebenza. Icacisa zonke izigaba: kusukela kulungiswa kwenhlabathi kuya ekuvuneni kokuqala.

Noma yimuphi umlimi angazikhethela yena izindlela zokukhulisa nokutshala izithombo

Izinketho Zokufaka:

  • imbewu;
  • izithombo;
  • ukusika okuluhlaza okotshani;
  • ukuhlelwa;
  • ukusika okunamathiselwe.

Iyiphi indlela yokukhetha, izinzuzo nezinzuzo zazo

Izizathu ezahlukahlukene zithonya ukukhetha kokutshala okusajingijolo. Kungaba lula ngokwengeziwe ukuthi umlimi angathola isitshalo esisha ngosizo lwenqubo yokusika, ngoba unolwazi ekusakazeni okunjalo kwezihlahla zezihlahla nezihlahla. Kepha ngaso sonke isikhathi kudingeka unake ukusebenza kwendlela ngayinye.

Izithombo

Indlela elula ukusebenzisa izithombo. Le yinqubo evamile yawo wonke umuntu ohlala ehlobo: ukutshala isihlahla noma isihlahlana. Kunezinzuzo ezimbili:

  • ukuntuleka kwesidingo sokukhulisa izithombo nokusebenza kwezilimo;
  • akukho kwakhiwa kwegreenhouse (i-nursery) kuyadingeka.

Okubi kokusebenzisa indlela cha.

Imbewu

Ukuzala kabusha kwezimbewu kuhlotshaniswa nokunakekelwa okuningi, kepha le ndlela ine-plus yayo.

Izinzuzo:

  • ithuba lokuthola izinhlobo ezi-raspberry ezingandile.

Okubi:

  • kuzothatha isikhathi ukulungiselela nokukhulisa imbewu;
  • kumele ukwazi ukwenza izithombo zokukhotha.

Izimbumbulu

Kunzima ukukhulisa ama-raspberries nge-cutways. Ulwazi luyadingeka ekutheni ungayilungiselela futhi uyinakekele kanjani impahla. Uma unemiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ungabhekana nalo msebenzi.

Izinzuzo:

  • ukuphindaphindeka kwezindlela zokuthola ukusikwa.

Okubi:

  • ukwelashwa kwembewu kuyadingeka ngezinkuthazo zokukhula;
  • izithombo zinconywa ukuthi zitshaleke endaweni ebamba ukushisa, kuthi ngemuva kokuba iqine - endaweni evulekile.

Iphuzu elibalulekile ukutholakala kwamathuluzi adingekayo ukuqedela umsebenzi. Ukunqunywa ukusika kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe kusetshenziswa ama-secateurs. Ikuvumela ukuba uthole ukusikeka ngisho nokulimaza okuncane isitshalo kunommese obukhali.

Yimuphi umhlabathi okufanele ube kuma-raspberries

Ukuze izihlahlana zikhule kahle futhi zithele izithelo kakhulu, zidinga ukwakheka kwenhlabathi efanelekile ngalolu hlobo lwesitshalo. Izimo ezithandekayo zokukhula kwezihlahla ezi-raspberry zenziwa ngokufaka umanyolo enhlabathini. Udinga ukuyilungisa kanjena:

  • Entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, umquba ufakwa enhlabathini ngesilinganiso esingu-7 kg / m2. Ngaso leso sikhathi, faka umquba emhlabeni ngomquba - 10 kg / m2.
  • Ekwindla yenza amaconsi enkukhu - 8 kg / m2.

Imithetho yokulungiswa kwenhlabathi kuma-raspberries:

  • Akunconyelwe ukufaka umanyolo we-nitrogen ngemuva kokuvunwa;
  • akunakwenzeka ukwenza umsebenzi wokucebisa inhlabathi ngezikhathi ezomile, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekushisweni kwezimpande zezitshalo;
  • Izihlahla akufanele zondliwe ngomanyolo aqukethe i-chlorine, ngoba lokhu kuzoholela ekwakhiweni kwe-chlorosis.

Yini umanyolo adingekayo raspberries

Ukunakekelwa kahle kwama-raspberry kudinga ulwazi lwezimpawu zezikhathi zalesi sitshalo. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukulandela uhlelo olondlayo lokulandelayo:

  1. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kwesizini yokukhula, ama-raspberries iningi adinga i-phosphorus ne-calcium.
  2. Esigabeni sokukhula okusebenzayo - i-nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, iron.
  3. Esikhathini sokuhlelwa kwezithelo nokukhula - i-calcium ne-potassium.

I-asidi enkulu yenhlabathi ngu-5.5-6.5 pH.

Imithetho yokuhlela ama-raspberries emhlabathini ovulekile

Isibambiso esihlelelwe kahle se-raspberry bush sesivuno esiphumelelayo

Ukuthuthukiswa, ukukhula nokukhula kwezithelo kuncike ekutheni ikhethwe kanjani indawo efanelekile. Izimo ezithandekayo zama-raspberries:

  • ukuvezwa kwelanga okuhle;
  • inhlabathi lapho izinhlaka, i-alkaloid lupine, dill, iparsley, u-anyanisi ngaphambili zikhula khona;
  • ukuntuleka kokusondela emanzini aphansi komhlaba.

Naka! Akunconyelwe ukuhlela i-raspberry entsha esikhundleni saleyo yakudala.

Izinsuku ezifakiwe ngokuya ngendlela, isifunda nekhalenda lenyanga

Izinsuku zokutshala ama-raspberry entwasahlobo endaweni ngayinye yesimo sezulu ahlukile. Ngokwesilinganiso, atshintsha amasonto angama-2-3 ukusuka enyakatho aye ezifundeni eziseningizimu. Ukuze ungaphuthelwa umzuzu, umlimi udinga ukugxila kuzinkomba ezilandelayo:

  • izinga lokushisa lomoya elifanele kufanele libe ngu-18-26 ° С;
  • izinga lomswakama lingaphansi kwama-40% (akufanele kube nemvula izinsuku eziningana ngaphambi kokutshala ama-raspberries);
  • amahora emini okungenani amahora ayi-12.

Izimo zokutshala okusajingijolo zinikezwa zonke izindlela zokusakazwa kwalesi sihlahla somdwebo.

Kwabalimi abaqondiswa ikhalenda yenyanga, udinga ukwazi isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokutshala - kusuka enyangeni entsha kuya enyangeni egcwele.

Ukunaka! Ngo-2018, isikhathi esifanele sokutshala i-raspberry sitholakala kuze kube uMeyi 5. Akusizo zonke izifunda ezizofudumala ngokwanele ngalesi sikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi unake izigaba nomhlaba enyangeni ekhulayo.

Imiyalo yokusabalalisa kanye nokutshala izithombo zomdwebo ezihlanzekile

Kunezindlela eziningana zokutshala izithombo zomdwebo.

Ubuchwepheshe bokuzala kwembewu

Umgcini wensimu akahlali ekwazi ukuthenga izithombo zezinhlobonhlobo ozifunayo emakethe noma enkulisa. Kulokhu, kunendlela eyodwa kuphela yokuphuma: thenga imbewu futhi ukhule izithombo kubo. Leli akulona ibhizinisi elinenkinga, kepha kudinga ukuhambisana nazo zonke izidingo. Impumelelo yomcimbi incike kakhulu kwikhwalithi yembewu.

Ukusuka kwimbewu yekhwalithi ungakhula izinhlobo ezingafani neze amajikijolo

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuthola imbewu:

  • ukuthenga ezitolo ezikhethekile;
  • ukuthenga okuzimele.

Ukuqoqwa kwembewu kusuka esitshalweni sezinketho zakho eziningi kungokulandelayo:

  • faka i-berry ngendwangu ehlanzekile, uyichoboze bese uyisakaza;
  • kukhethwe imbewu enkulu, hhayi eyefulethini;
  • wabageza;
  • omile futhi agcinwe aze atshalwe endaweni epholile, ngezikhathi ezithile enomswakama.

Inqubo yokukhula okusajikijolo izithombo kusuka imbewu iqukethe izigaba eziningana. Ukuze izithombo zikulungele ukutshala entwasahlobo, imbewu iqala ukumila kusuka eshumini lesithathu likaFebhuwari.

  1. Lungisa inhlabathi ingxube yezingxenye zesihlabathi, inhlabathi evundile ne-peat.
  2. Imbewu yosuku ibekwa ngendwangu emanzi.
  3. Imbewu ngayinye ingene enhlabathini ngo-0.5 cm.
  4. Amanzi ngokushesha emva kokutshala, bese njalo izinsuku ezingama-2-3.
  5. Ngokuvama kwesikhathi esingu-1 ezinsukwini eziyi-10-12, zondliwa ngesixazululo esibuthakathaka se-urea.
  6. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, isitsha sidluliselwa endaweni evikelwe elangeni eliqondile.
  7. Ngemuva kokuba ihlumela ngalinye libe namaqabunga amabili, kwenziwa isigaxa: izitshalo zitshalwa ezitsheni ezihlukile.
  8. Lapho amahlumela efika ku-10-12 cm, atshalwa kuma-raspberries.

Ukusakazwa ngokusika

Ukusakazwa kwama-raspberries ngokusikeka akuyona indlela elula kakhulu ngenxa yezinkinga ezithile. Kepha kunika imiphumela emihle. Into yokuqala okufanele umlimi aqale ukuyenza ukufunda ukuthi ungavuna kanjani ukusika izihlahla. Umsebenzi wenziwa ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi kanye ekuqaleni kukaJuni.

Kunezindlela eziningana zokusakaza ama-raspberries ngokusika.

Kunezindlela ezintathu zokufeza lo msebenzi.

Inombolo yendlela 1

  1. Khetha ihlumela eliphilile nelinamandla lonyaka wamanje futhi unqume phezulu kwawo ngo-15-20 cm.
  2. Onke amapheshana asuswa kwisibambo, kusale amabili kuphela aphezulu.
  3. Sika ingxenye engenhla yesibambo (iphuzu lokukhula kwayo) ngommese obukhali noma amaSecurity.
  4. Ekupheleni okuphambene, yenza ukusikeka okungu-2-2 eceleni komugqa wesiqu. Ngamunye wabo kufanele okungenani abe ngu-5 cm. Le nqubo izosheshisa ukubukeka kwezimpande.
  5. Iziqeshwayo ziphathwa nganoma yisiphi isivuseleli sokukhula noma uqhubeke ngokulandelayo: Ama-200 g we-heteroauxin ancibilikiswa 1 litre lamanzi bese kuthi okusikayo kufakwe kulesi sixazululo amahora angama-16-18. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphela emaphethelweni aphansi amagatsha afakwa kuketshezi.
  6. Otshalwe endaweni enkulisa ekhethekile ye-hotbed.
  7. Kugcotshwe nesixazululo lapho senziwe samanzi.

Iseluleko! Ngaphambi kokubeka ukusikeka esitsheni ngesikhuthazi sokukhula, aboshelwa esixukwini esinebhande noma iribhoni.

Amagatsha avela esihlahleni se-raspberry aqala ukudubula

Indlela yenombolo 2

  1. 1. Khetha ihlumela lonyaka wamanje bese uyinquma, usuka empandeni engu-15-20 cm.
  2. Igatsha lihlukaniswe izingxenye ezingama-10 cm ubude ukuze okungenani izinso ezi-2-3 zihlale kuleso naleso.
  3. Izingxenye ezingezansi zezihlahla ezisikiwe ziphathwa ngezinto ezikhulisayo futhi zitshalwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa.

Ukunaka! Ukuze ukhule izimpande, akwamukeleki ukubeka izingcezwana esitsheni esinamanzi.

Indlela yenombolo 3

  1. Bamba isihlahla sokusajingijolo ezimpandeni kuze kufike ku-5 cm cm.
  2. Ngommese obukhali usike ihlumela eliluhlaza lwalo nyaka ebangeni elingama-5 cm ngaphansi komhlaba. Ukusika okunjalo kubizwa ngokuthi "izimbabazane." Bahlukaniswa yizingcingo ezisheshayo.
  3. Isiphelo esingezansi sokusikwa siphathwa ngomlotha wezinkuni.
  4. Etshalwe emhlabathini futhi waniselwa nge isixazululo sokuvuselela ukukhula.

Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi yokutshala izithombo zokusika

  1. I-substrate ilungiswa kusuka ku-peat, inhlabathi evundile nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso se-1: 1:
  2. Izimbambo zitshalwe ngemigqa, zigcina ibanga elingama-70 cm phakathi kwazo, futhi imigqa kufanele
    ube kude nge-cm cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.

    Ukutshala izithombo enhlabathini kwenzeka ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo

Bese umanyanisa inhlabathi ngesixazululo se "Kornevin." I-greenhouse igcina umswakama emoyeni ku-80%. Izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi elilungile + 22 ... + 25 ° С.

Naka! Uma kungekho okuhlangenwe nakho kwama-raspberries akhulayo, ukwenza lula umsebenzi, ukusika kuqala okutshalwe hhayi endaweni ebamba ukushisa, kepha kumabhodwe we-peat. Futhi ngemuva kokuvela kwenqwaba yezimpande, zidluliselwa emhlabathini.

Ukusakazeka ngokuqunjelwa ukusika

Uma kunesidingo sokuthola inani elikhulu lokusika okusekwe kahle, sebenzisa indlela elandelayo:

  1. Ekwindla, ngemuva kokulahlwa kwamaqabunga, izithombo zezinhlobonhlobo ezikhethiwe zifafazwa nge-peat ezimpandeni.
  2. Ngenkathi yokuvuka, izitshalo zinqunywa kusuka kumagatsha okusika ngo-8-10 cm ubude.lelo nalelo lazo kufanele libe nezinhlamvu ezingama-2-3.

Izenzo ezengeziwe ziyafana nezindlela ezedlule: Amahlumela amancane atshalwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa futhi anisela njalo. Ngemuva kokuthi izithombo zisuswe futhi zibe izithombo ezigcwele ngokugcwele, zidluliselwa ku-raspberry.

Ukusakazwa kwezithombo okusajingijolo

Isithombo okusajingijolo esinempilo futhi esifanelekile kufanele sihlangabezane nezidingo eziningana:

  • abe nohlelo lwezimpande olwakhiwe kahle;
  • ububanzi be ngxenye engezansi ye-basal shoot kufanele okungenani bube ngu-50 mm;
  • izinso kumele zivuthwe.

Iseluleko! Ungahlola ukufaneleka kwesithombo njengalokhu okulandelayo: usike ihlumela elilodwa bese ubona ukuthi umbala ungaphansi kombala luni. Uma sinsundu, isitshalo sinamandla aphansi okusebenza. Isithombo esinempilo sinezinkuni ezikhanyayo futhi eziluhlaza okotshani.

Ukutshala ama-raspberries kufanele aqale ngokubheka izithombo ukuthi ziyafaneleka yini

Izinhlelo zokutshala zezithombo

Izindlela ezimbili zokutshala ama-raspberry zilungile:

  • isidleke;
  • uthayela.

Kepha i-oda lokuphikisana kungenzeka. Uma kunesifiso sokutshala ama-raspberries ngezingqimba, ungatshala izihlahla ezitsheni ezahlukahlukene: imiphongolo, amabhakede, amabhodwe amakhulu. Lokhu kuzovikela ukukhula kwezimpande nokwakheka kwamahlumela angafuneki.

Ithiphu

Lapho utshala ngemigqa, ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ligcinwa phakathi kobubanzi be-50-80 cm.Imigqa ibekwa ebangeni eli-1-1,5 m ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ukuze uvimbele ukukhula kokhula, isikhala somugqa sihlanganiswa nge-mulch. Indlela elula kunazo zonke - ukubeka ama-linensum amancane.

Lapho utshala izihlahla ezinendlela yetiyipu, kuyadingeka ukunamathela kwezinye izincomo

Izithombo zidinga ukusekelwa kanye ne-garter. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ezinhlangothini zombili zomugqa ngamunye usetha amakholomu bese udonsa phakathi kwawo ama-2-4 tiers of line yokudoba noma uthayela omncane.

Imithetho yokufika kweta:

  1. Imisele yezithombo kufanele ibe ngu-60 cm ububanzi nama-40-50 cm ajule.
  2. Izitshalo zitshalwa ngebanga elingama-30-50 cm.
  3. Ngezansi komsele, 1/3 wokuphakama kwayo, kwakubeka i-humus.
  4. Setha izithombo ebangeni elifanele kusuka komunye nomunye bese ubopha.
  5. Gcwalisa umsele ngomhlabathi owembiwe.
  6. Yenza kancane umhlabathi ubumbane.
  7. Kugcwele.

I-Nest

Izidingo zendlela yokwakha isidleke ziyafana, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokumba umsele. Indlela yokwakha isidleke ifaka ukwakheka komgodi ohlukile kwisitshalo ngasinye, esimisiwe.

Ungatshala ama-raspberry ngaphandle kokwenza imibhede

Ividiyo: Ungatshala kanjani futhi ukhule ama-raspberries ngaphandle kwamaphutha

Ungatshala kanjani ukulungisa ama-raspberries entwasahlobo

Isici esibonakalayo sezinhlobo zokulungisa ukwakheka kwenombolo encane yamahlumela eminyakeni yokuqala yokukhula kwesihlahla. Lokhu kungabhekwa njenge- "plus" ne "minus" yalezi zitshalo. Iphuzu elihle ukunakekelwa okulula. I-Negative - ekubhekeni okufushane kwezithombo.

Imithetho yokufakelwa

  1. Emavikini lamabili kuya kwangaphambi kosuku lokutshala obekuhleliwe, indawo ebekelwe ama-raspberry iyambiwa bese kuthi humus ifakwe ngesilinganiso se-10 kg nge-1 m2kanye ne-250 g ye-superphosphate ne-potassium.
  2. Bumba imisele noma imigodi (50x50 cm), yakha ungqimba lwamanzi ngezansi. Ukujula kwemigodi kufanele kube kukhulu kangangokuba intamo yezimpande zezihlahla isezingeni eliphansi.
  3. Izitshalo zitshalwa bese izihluzo zigcwele inhlabathi.
  4. Isithombo ngasinye sitheliswa ngamalitha amanzi ayi-8-10.
  5. Inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla imbozwe nge-mulch.

Ukunakekela izithombo

Unyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokutshala izithombo unzima kakhulu. Kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula, udinga ukubheka isimo sezitshalo nangesikhathi sokwenza uhlu olunconyiwe lwezenzo.

  • Ukwakheka kwesihlahla kuqala lapho izitshalo zifinyelela ukuphakama okungu-15 cm.
  • Lapho kufinyelela u-80-100 cm, ukugawulwa kokuqala kwenziwa: ingxenye engenhla yamahlumela inqunywa ngo-15-20 cm.
  • Kwanele ukunisela ama-raspberries 1 isikhathi ngeviki. Kepha ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukubeka kanye nokukhula kwezithelo kaningi - amahlandla ama-2-3 ezinsukwini eziyi-10.
  • Ubuningi bokunisela kufanele kube ukuthi inhlabathi iswakanyiswa afinyelela ku-30-40 cm.
  • Kuma-raspberries, ukhula kufanele lususwe njalo.

    Umbuso wokunisela izithombo unendima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kwezihlahla ezinempilo

Ividiyo: Ukutshala ama-raspberries we-remont

Ngemuva kokufunda konke ubunzima bokutshala ama-raspberries, umlimi we-novice uzokwazi ukukhulisa ngempumelelo izihlahla ezinhlobonhlobo zamajikijolo esakhiweni sakhe. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, i-raspberry ingaletha isivuno esihle njalo ngonyaka.

Izihloko Interesting