Lesi sitshalo esihlukile, izwe lakubo yiNdiya naseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia, sathandwa abalimi baseRussia ngenxa yezimpawu zalo eziphezulu zokuhlobisa nezisebenzayo. Ukukhula kwe-momordic akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ngakho-ke kuvame ukutholakala hhayi engadini noma ku-greenhouse kuphela, kodwa nasezindlini zasemadolobheni.
Isiko lingelomndeni wethanga futhi likhula ngohlobo lomvini onqobayo waminyaka yonke obude obufika kumamitha ayi-2. Ngokuxhumana nesitshalo, ukuvutha kungavela, okuvumela ukuthi izivikele ezinambuzaneni ezahlukahlukene. Le mpahla inyamalala lapho kuqala izithelo.
Ukukhula kwe-momordica kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Ekusakazweni kwesitshalo, zombili izindlela zokusika nenguqulo yembewu zingasetshenziswa. Indlela yesibili ikhiqiza kakhulu futhi iyadingeka. Ukukhula kwe-momordica kusuka ezinhlanyelweni kungenziwa ngokuqondile emhlabathini ovulekile, kepha njengoba isitshalo sithanda ukushisa, kungcono ukulinda izithombo ekhaya.
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ekuqaleni noma maphakathi nentwasahlobo ngezigaba eziningana:
- Qoqa imbewu enombala ovuthiwe obumnyama;
- Sika ikhala lembewu ngefayela lesipikili noma nge-sandpaper enhle, ususe izingqimba zegobolondo elimnyama;
- Ukhipha izinambuzane zembewu, uphonsa isikhambi esincane kubuthakathaka be-potanganum permanganate;
- Songa ngendwangu ethambile, enomswakama bese ushiya endaweni efudumele (okungenani + 23 ° C) kuze kuvele izimpande ezimhlophe.
Ungagcini imbewu ku-potassium permanganate isikhathi eside kakhulu, lokhu kungaholela ekubolweni.
Amaphesenti amakhulu wokuhluma angatholakala ngokutshala imbewu emibili ethangini elikhethekile le-peat enomhlabathi wezakhi ukufinyelela ku-1.5 cm futhi ngokunisela ngokuphelele. Ngokuzayo, mboza iziqukathi ngefilimu, udale izimo zokugcina ukushisa bese ushiya. Ngokuya ngaphansi kombuso wokushisa odingekayo, izithombo kufanele zivele emavikini amabili.
Ukunakekela izithombo
Ukuze ukhule i-momordica ngokwakho, ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela wokuqala, udinga ukususa ifilimu bese ubeka izithombo endaweni enelanga. Kuyadingeka ukuqapha umswakama wenhlabathi, ukuvimba ukoma ukuphuma nosuku nosuku ukufafaza izitshalo. Ngemuva kokulinda ukuvela kwamaqabunga amabili kwesinye sezihlumela, kubalulekile ukukhetha, ushiye i-bole eqinile ebhodweni. Emva kwalokhu, ungaqala ukulungiselela ama-momordic ukuthuthwa komhlaba ovulekile. Lokhu, izitshalo lukhuni ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Kwansuku zonke thatha amabhodwe emgwaqweni, kancane kancane ukhulisa isikhathi kusuka emahoreni amabili ngosuku, unezela amahora 1.5 ngosuku.
- Beka izithombo endaweni eluhlaza bese uyifaka ngaphakathi ngohlelo olufanayo, kuyilapho amahlumela kufanele avikeleke elangeni eliqondile.
Lapho nje isikhathi esikhulu esichithwa emoyeni omusha sifinyelela ngosuku, ungaqala ukufakelwa endaweni evulekile.
Ubuchwepheshe bokufakelwa
Isikhathi esifanele lapho utshala i-momordica enhlabathini evulekile singabhekwa ezinsukwini ezingama-45 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Ukuze isitshalo singafi ngobusuku obubandayo, izinga lokushisa komoya akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka + 15 ° C. Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukulinda ukuthi izihlahla zama-apula ziqhume, noma ukutshala isivuno endaweni ebamba ukushisa.
Izinga lokushisa lomoya eliphansi lingaholela ekwethuseni nasekufeni kwe-momordiki ethanda ukushisa.
Izigaba Zokudluliselwa:
- Bumba izimbobo ezijulile ngo-35 cm, ezikhuphukeni ezingama-55 cm phakathi kwazo;
- Beka isitshalo emgodini ngokudlulisela ngaphandle kokuphazamisa isigaxa sobumba, noma ndawonye nethangi le-peat;
- Thela phezulu ngenhlabathi bese uthele ngesilinganiso samalitha ama-3 amanzi ngaphansi kwempande eyodwa.
Zonke izenzo kumele zenziwe ngokunakekela okwedlulele, uqaphele ukuthi zingalimazi izimpande ezintekenteke.
Ukwakheka Okumaphakathi Nezidingo Zendawo
Ukufakwa emhlabathini ovulekile we-momordica kudinga izimo ezithile, ngoba uhlelo oluncane lwezimpande alubekezeleli ukufakelwa. Inhlabathi ye-Clay enhlanganisela yesihlabathi ne-humus enezinga eliphansi noma elingathathi hlangothi le-acidity kubhekwa njengelingene kahle. Lapho kukhona inhlabathi ene-acidic, kuyadingeka ukuyixuba ne-lime ngesilinganiso sama-200 g nge-1 m ukusuka ekwindla2.
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, kubalulekile ukukhulula inhlabathi bese uyithululela ngomanyolo we-organic. Esikhathini esizayo, izithombo kufanele zondliwe kabili ngenyanga, kuguqulwe umanyolo we-potash ne-phosphorus.
Ukuze ukhule i-momordica, ikhukhamba laseNdiya kufanele likhethe uzungu oluvikelwe kokubhaliwe nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, kodwa ngokukhanya okwanele. Isiko lelo lizwakala lilungile kulezo zindawo lapho kwakhula khona utamatisi, umdumba, ithanga noma amazambane.
Ukunakekelwa kweMomordica
Ukutshala nokunakekela i-momordica kunama-nuances amaningana. Uma lesi sitshalo sikhule ngezimo zasemadolobheni kuvulandi, khona-ke kufanele sithuthelwe impova. Lokhu kungenziwa ngebhulashi elithambile, ngokudlulisa impova kusuka ezimbalini zowesilisa iye kowesifazane, noma ngokumane uthinte ngowesifazane.
Ukuze wandise inani lezithelo, kubalulekile ukwakha ihlathi ngesikhathi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, susa wonke amahlumela aseceleni angaphansi kwamamitha ayi-0,5 emhlabathini, lapho nje kuvela isibeletho sokuqala.
Ukunisela
Ukukhula kwe-momordica ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kusho ukuthambisa okuningi okujwayelekile. Kubalulekile ukuqapha umswakama wenhlabathi, ukuvimbela ukoma kwawo, kepha-ke, ukugcwaliswa kwesitshalo kugcwele ngokubola kwezimpande. Njalo kusihlwa, isiko kufanele lifafazwe ngamanzi afudumele.
Ukuvula amandla
Umhlabathi wesitshalo kufanele ukhululeke. Lokhu ungakuthola ngokulenza ngotshani. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izibungu zisebenza ngokuzele ukuthi zigcwalise umhlaba nge-humus. Ukuqeda ukhula olujwayelekile nokususa ukhula kuzosiza ifilimu emnyama, emboza yonke indawo ngokutshala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kazange avumele umhlaba ukuthi wome, ephethe umphunga.
Isicelo somanyolo
Ukondliwa kokuqala kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwezimbali, owesibili - ngesikhathi kusungulwa izithelo, owokugcina - amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuvunwa. Njengomanyolo, ungasebenzisa izakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi zamaminerali athengwe esitolo esikhethekile, noma amakhompiyutha e-organic (ingilazi yomquba wenkomo ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi).
Garter
Ngaphambi kokuba ukhule i-momordica ekhaya, kufanelekile ukubheka ukuthi yi-liana. Ukukhula okugcwele, udinga ukusekelwa okuqondile. Le ndima ingadlalwa ngodonga lwesakhiwo esakhiwe ngokuqondile, noma ifreyimu efakwe ngokukhethekile. Ukusekelwa okuphansi kubekwa endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-85 ukusuka ezingeni lomhlaba, futhi lapho nje isitshalo sesifinyelela kuyo, isihlahla kufanele sigxiliswe futhi siboshwe, siphinde sibuyele ku-25 cm ngaphezu koguqamlezo.
Ukuvuna
Lapho kukhula i-momordic jade, kubalulekile ukuqoqa izithelo ngesikhathi. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ezinsukwini eziyi-14 ngemuva kokuvela, uma kungenjalo bazoba nomunyu. Lapho kuvuna kakhulu kwenziwa, yilapho izithelo zithwala isihlahla ngokwengeziwe. Uma ushiya izithelo esitshalweni, ziyoncipha kakhulu.
Ngaphambi kokuba izithelo zivele, ngokuhlangana nesitshalo ungathola ukushiswa, ngakho-ke izindlela zokunakekela kufanele zenziwe ngamagilavu kanye nezingubo ezivalekile.
Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo
I-Momordica ifana namakhukhamba hhayi ngokubukeka kuphela. Izilimo zitholakala kalula ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni, okuyinto edinga ukwelashwa:
- i-bacteriosis (ingxube yeBordeaux);
- ama-aphid (amakhompiyutha akhethekile);
- i-powdery hlobo (fungicides);
- ukubola okumhlophe.
Isitshalo singaphenduka siphuzi ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Esimweni esinjalo, singaphathwa nge-anyanisi ukumnika noma umlotha. Lapho ukubola kohlelo lwezimpande kuzungeze isihlahla, udinga ukuthulula inhlabathi evundile entsha. Ukugwema izifo nokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane, udinga ukucubungula ngokucophelela imvamisa yokunisela, ngoba isitshalo siba buthaka ikakhulu ngenxa yomonakalo ohlelweni lwezimpande.
Ngemuva kokuthola isikhathi sokutshala i-momordica nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani, ungaqala ngokuphepha ukutshala isiko elingaphandle kwesahlaka engadini noma kuvulandi.
