Izinhlobo ezihluke kakhulu kabhontshisi oluhlaza nobhontshisi okusanhlamvu zinde futhi ngentokozo zisetshenziswa ngabantu ekudleni, njengezilimo zokudla kanye nomquba oluhlaza. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, enye indima yesitshalo ayilibaleki. Ubhontshisi oyi-Curly uyahlobisa futhi ubelokhu ethatha indawo yawo yokuhlonipha phakathi kokuhlobisa okuluhlaza engadini, okuluhlaza okotshani kanye ne-balcony enesizotha iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu nengxenye.
Inzuzo yokuhlobisa ubhontshisi curly yile:
- izinga lokukhula okuphezulu, okuvumela ukuba kufakwe indawo enkulu emile mpo phakathi nenkathi yentwasahlobo-ihlobo;
- ukungathobeki;
- ukubukeka okuhlukahlukene nemibala yama-inflorescence avela kumahlumela;
- ukuheha okude ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-inflorescences amangalisa hhayi kuphela, kodwa namaphodwe, kwesinye isikhathi okushaya ngokubukeka okungavamile;
- amathuba okusebenzisa isitshalo esiluhlaza esiluhlaza kumanyolo aluhlaza kanye nezindlela zokubamba;
- ukucebisa kwenhlabathi nge-nitrogen yokuqongelela ezimpandeni zezitshalo zalo mndeni.
Ukuphela kwento edinga ukucatshangelwa lapho ukutshala ubhontshisi kunguhlobo lokushisa lwesitshalo kanye nesidingo sesiko elikhanyayo nasekondleni okuningi.
Ngokusebenzisa kahle ikhono lesitshalo ukukhuphukela kubude obungamamitha amabili kuya kwayi-5 futhi uhlanganise izinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhuphuka ubhontshisi, ungakwazi ukuhlomisa imigwaqo eluhlaza engafani nalutho, udale izindonga engadini futhi unikeze amakona amakhona amahle kanye nama uthango.
Kubalulekile ukuthi namuhla izinhlobo eziningana ezizimele zisetshenziselwe ukudonsa umhlaba, okungezomndeni we-legume, kepha zinezakhiwo nokubukeka okuhlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke lezi zilimo zibaluleke njengokuhlobisa nanjengezitshalo zemifino.
Ubhontshisi Ojwayelekile (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Ubhontshisi ojwayelekile wezinhlobo ezingama-curly waziwa kahle futhi uyathandwa abalimi baseRussia. Isitshalo sonyaka, esivela eLatin America, sihlanganisa ngokuphelele izakhiwo zesitshalo semifino esinikeza pods eziluhlaza kanye nembewu evuthiwe etafuleni ngokuhlobisa okuphezulu. Amabhontshisi ama-Curly ukuphakama angafinyelela kusuka kumamitha ayi-1.5 kuya kwayi-3, inyanga ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, akha ama-inflorescence okuqala, futhi ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ukufaka umanyolo nokunisela, ukugeleza kwezimbali kanye nokwakhiwa kwama-pods kuyaqhubeka kuze kube maphakathi nekwindla.
Izakhi zomphumela wokuhlobisa zincane, kepha izimbali eziningi zemibala ehlukahlukene, namahlamvu aminyene, namaqhubu alengiswe eziqwini zokuvuthwa okuhlukile. Ukuvunwa njalo kobhontshisi wensika ezinhlotsheni eziningi zikabhontshisi ama-curly kukhuthaza ukwakheka kwama-buds amasha, anwebisa ikhulu leminyaka lokubikwa bukhoma kwama-arbor kanye ezicijile.
I-Turkish Beans (Phaseolus coccineus)
Uma izimbali zikabhontshisi ojwayelekile, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo, zingaba mhlophe, zilac, zipinki noma ukhilimu, khona-ke ubhontshisi waseTurkey noma, njengoba lesi sitshalo esimnandi sibizwa nangokuthi, ubhontshisi obomvu ovuthayo ushaywa ngama-inflorescence abomvu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi le nhlobo, eyangena endaweni yaseRussia emakhulwini amabili eminyaka ngaphambi kobhontshisi wemifino ejwayelekile, ayitholanga ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi njengesitshalo sengadi, kodwa yahlala ngokuqinile ezindlini zokugcina ingadi nezingadini.
Ubhontshisi waseTurkey akathethi kakhulu futhi ngokunakekelwa okuncane akhula aze afike kumamitha ayi-3-4. Ngokutshala kuqala, izitshalo ziyaqhakaza kusuka maphakathi noJuni kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Uma muva nje, izindlu zeklabishi bezihlotshiswe ngemidwebo, kuqhakaza kuphela ama-inflorescence abomvu e-redememose, namuhla sekuvele izinhlobo ezahlukene zikabhontshisi, zinikeza ithoni ezimbili, isalmon, burgundy nezimbali ezimhlophe ngokuphelele.
Izitshalo zihlukaniswa ngamahlamvu amakhulu amaningi, okufana nama-legumes amaningi, anama-lobes amathathu ahlukene. Uma kunokusekelwa okunamandla, imivimbo engu ngemishayo ikhuphuka ngokuzithandela ibe yindawo ephakeme kakhulu, imidwebo yama-latter eyakhiwe kalula, uthango kanye nomqhele wesihlahla.
Ama-pods amasha alolu hlobo lukabhontshisi wokuhlobisa ama-curly awekho ngenxa yemicu enzima nezinto ezilimazayo ukugaya komuntu. Amacembe kabhontshisi anjengama-pubescent. Ngaphakathi kwembotshana kungaba kusuka ezinhlangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha zombala onsomi-onsomi, okuyisici saso esiqhathanisa imivimbo emnyama phezu kobuso bonke.
Imbewu evuthiwe ngemuva kokufaka ukunambitha kanye nenani lokudla okunempilo ayincipha ekutshaleleni amabhele.
Ekhotini ehlobo, ubhontshisi waseTurkey angasetshenziselwa ukudala ukuthambeka okuthe mpo, kanye nokwenza izindawo zokukhosela eziluhlaza emoyeni ngenxa yezilimo ezithanda ukushisa, njenge-isitshalo seqanda, amakhabe noma amagilebhisi.
UDolichos purpurea (uLablabitsureus)
Esinye isitshalo esimangazayo sonyaka emndenini we-legume sibizwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokuthi yi-curac lilac. Ngalesi sihlahla sokuhlobisa ama-dolichos, ama-lablab noma ama-hyacinth ubhontshisi ahlobene nomthunzi wezimbali nokubukeka kokukhulu, ukuhlanganisa okungaba yimihlanu imiqumbe, ama-inflorescence.
E-Russia nakwezinye izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, lokhu kuhlobisa amanzi obhontshisi kuhlotshiswa entwasahlobo, kuthi ekwindla izitshalo ziqede uhlaza lwazo. Kepha e-Afrika nase-Asiya, lapho isimo sezulu sifudumele khona, nesikhathi samahora asemini sesiside kakhulu, ama-dolichos ahlala njalo aqhakaza izimbali njalo njalo.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezithandekayo, izinhlobonhlobo zikabhontshisi ama-curly alezi zinhlobo akhula afinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,3,3 futhi asheshe azazi kahle izisekeli ezilungiselelwe zona ngezimo ezahlukahlukene zokwakheka. Ngenxa yokuqhakaza okukhulu kwezimbali namaqabunga amakhulu amakhulu amathathu, ubhontshisi we-hyacinth udala umhlobiso omnyama wokuhlobisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, umbala onsomi awukwazi ukunweba hhayi kuma-inflorescences namaqabunga kabhontshisi kuphela, kodwa futhi nakuzo iziqu ngisho namaqabunga amaqabunga.
Namuhla, abalimi banenhlobo yazo ethokozisayo ngokwesiko ngezimbali ze-lilac neziyinsomi, futhi iveze amabala amahle amhlophe, apinki, onsomi ngisho nangama-tone amabili. Ama-inflorescences avela emacansini, izimbali ezihlala zikhanga izinsuku ezintathu, zivulwa ngokuhlukile, futhi lonke ibhulashi lihlala ezinsukwini ezingama-20 kuye kwezingama-30.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-dolichos ubhontshisi wokuhlobisa onqabile onephunga elimnandi, ngakho-ke ama-inflorescence amakhulu kwesinye isikhathi afakwa kuma-bouquets. Izimbali zikubekezelela kalula ukusika futhi zihlala emanzini izinsuku eziyi-10-14. Ngokuqedwa kwezimbali, izitshalo azilahlekelwa umphumela wazo wokuhlobisa. Ubhontshisi obomvu, onsomi noma obomvana oluhlaza okotshisiwe uhlanganiswa ngamaqoqo ezincezu ezi-5-15 futhi ekugcineni kwehlobo awumbukeli kangako ubhontshisi ogelezayo. Ubude be-pod ngokwesilinganiso buqala ku-8 kuye ku-12 cm.
Emidodweni, izinhlwathi, imbewu ecijiswe kamuva yombala omnyama noma onsundu. Kumbewu engadluli kubude be-1-1,5 cm, ibala elimhlophe libonakala kahle. Imbewu iyadliwa futhi isetshenziselwe ukudliwa abantu baseNyakatho ye-Afrika izinkulungwane eziningi zeminyaka, futhi namuhla uhlobo lobhontshisi wokuhlobisa ovuthuzayo ofanelekile ukutshala engadini kanye nokukhula emabhokisini e-balcony.
I-Vigna caracalla
Igama lesi sitshalo esimangalisayo sokukhuphuka sanikezwa umnenke, lapho izimbali zalolu hlobo lukabhontshisi ekhuphuka zifana kakhulu. ICaracalla Vigna noma, ngokuya ngesinye isigaba, i-Cochliasanthus caracalla isitshalo saphakade esihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika. IVigna ingenye yezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zikabhontshisi otshaliwe. Amahlumela we-caracalla vigna ayakwazi ukukhuphuka aze afike kumamitha ayi-7.
Ekhaya, kuyinto ehlala njalo, kepha esimweni sezulu esifudumele itshalwa njengesitshalo sonyaka, kanti inhlobo ye-thermophilic, ngakho-ke, efisa ukulondolozela lesi sitshalo ebusika, idluliselwa egumbini noma endaweni ebamba ukushisa evuthayo. I-Wignu, njengezinye izinhlobo zikabhontshisi, ibonakala ngesilinganiso esiphakeme sokukhula nokukhula. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nehlobo elifushane eliphakathi nehlobo, ubhontshisi wokuhlobisa onama-curly ufeze ngempumelelo ama-hedge, amathala nemidwebo. I-vigna inamathele endaweni yokuma mpo ngamadevu aqinile. Isimo nokubukeka kwamaqabunga alesi sitshalo kuhlukile kancane kwezinye izinhlobo zikabhontshisi, kepha izimbali zihlukile kakhulu.
Ama-petals akha i-corolla asontekile njengomoya ominyene. Ububanzi bentyatyambo bungafinyelela ku-3-5 cm. Umbala, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo nobudala bezimbali, ungahlukahluka kusuka kokumhlophe, okuphuzi noma kokhilimu kuye onsomi kanye no-violet. I-Vigna inflorescence ibhulashi lapho kungaba khona ama-5-12 avula kancane kancane ama-buds.
Izimbali zalolu hlobo lukabhontshisi oyi-curly amnandi futhi zihlala isikhathi eside impela. Uma isitshalo esitshalwe engadini singadalulwa yiqhwa nomoya obandayo, khona-ke ukuqhakaza kwawo kuqala ngoJulayi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba.
Njengesiko le-balcony, kungcono ukucindezela isitshalo esikhulu ukulawula ubude bezithombo futhi kuvuse izimbali ngezikhathi ezithile. Kuma-cowpea bahlela ukusekela okuvela enetheni ezintanjeni, lapho iziqu ezikhulayo ziqondiswa khona lapho. Uma uhambisa isitshalo esidala, ungahlukana kalula amahlumela abuthaka.
Ubhontshisi Winged (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus)
Uhlobo olungajwayelekile kakhulu lokuhlobisa ubhontshisi oyi-curly lwafika okokuqala endaweni yaseRussia muva nje, eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Kepha ubhontshisi onamaphiko aziwa kakhulu eGoa, Thailand naseNew Guinea nakwamanye amazwe akule ndawo.
Lapha ubhontshisi onamakhanda efomu angajwayelekile kubantu baseRussia sekuyisikhathi eside asetshenziswa njengokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kulungiswa izitsha ezishubile, ayisetshenziswa kuphela amahlamvu aluhlaza aluhlaza okotshani anamahlamvu amane aqhakazayo kanye nembewu evuthiwe, kodwa futhi nama-inflorescence kanye namahlamvu anamandla amathathu anegama. Emithini yabomdabu bendawo, lesi sitshalo samukelwa njengokwelapha, namuhla okuqinisekiswa ngochwepheshe baseYurophu.
Njengobhontshisi ohlohlisayo oxubekile, kutshalwa ubhontshisi onamaphiko, njenge-wignu, ukuzama ukuvikela emoyeni nasekubandeni. Ezimweni zaseRussia, lokhu kungonyaka, okufinyelela kumamitha ayi-5 ngesizini yasentwasahlobo-ehlobo.
Ama-inflorescence kabhontshisi anamaphiko yi-racemose, enkulu, aze afike ku-15 cm ubude. Ebhashini ngalinye elinjalo ungabala kusuka kuma-5 kuye kwayi-15 aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukhilimu noma imibala enemibala emibili enobubanzi obude bufika ku-3 cm. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali, lolu hlobo lwamabhontjisi agobekile enza amabanga amangalisayo we-tetrahedral, okuthi, ngokuya ngezimo ezikhulayo nezinhlobonhlobo, akhule aze afike ku-10-25 cm ubude. Ubhontshisi omkhulu ngempela ongafika ku-40 cm ubude utholakala ezitshalweni ngazinye.
Ngaphakathi kwembotshana, imbewu engu-5 kuya kwengama-20 ecishe ibe yizingqimba ibhula kuze kufike ku-10 mm ubukhulu. Umbala wokudla okusanhlamvu ungahluka. Izinhlobo ezihlukene zokukhuphuka ubhontshisi walesi zinhlobo zinembewu emdaka, nsundu, ephuzi nemnyama.
