Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, umsedari wayejabulisa abantu ngamandla alo emvelo, ubuhle namandla okuphilisa. Wayebizwa ngokuthi okondla, imfumbe, eyisipho esivela konkulunkulu. Kusukela kudala izihlahlana zezihlahla zemisedari ziye zabhekwa njengemithombo yamandla ngokuyisimangaliso, athulisa ingqondo futhi akhanyise imicabango, avuse umphefumulo futhi aqondise imizwa kukho konke okuhle okusemhlabeni. Kuyo yonke iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa abantu bebembheka ngayo, akazange nje alahlekelwe ukubaluleka kwakhe, kodwa wayandisa, okwakuqinisekiswa ukutholwa okuningi kwesayensi.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngomsedari
IKedari ingenye yalezo zihlahla ezingavamile, zonke izingxenye zazo ezisetshenziselwa ukudla noma zokwelapha.
Amahlathi eCedari anamandla amakhulu e-phytoncid kangangokuba ihektha elilodwa laleli hlathi belinganela ukuhlanza umoya kulo lonke idolobha.
AmaSumeri asendulo ayehlonipha umsedari njengesihlahla esingcwele futhi anikeza amagama amahle kakhulu emihlobiso. Izinkuni zomsedari zazisebenza njengesilinganiso sokushintshana futhi zazivame ukwaziswa ngaphezu kwegolide. Unkulunkulu waseSumeriya u-Ea wayethathwa njengosanta womsedari, futhi akekho owayengagawula lesi sihlahla ngaphandle kwemvume ephakeme. Lawa maqiniso aqinisekisa izibhebhe zobumba ezitholwe ngenkathi yokumba, eziqala emuva ngekhulu lesi-5 nele-4. BC. Kuzo futhi kwabhalwa incazelo yokuthi umsedari ubukeka kanjani.
Umhlobiso wethuna wenkosi yaseGibhithe uTutankhamun wenziwe ngokhuni lomsedari. Iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezintathu, ayigcinanga ngokuwohloka kuphela, kodwa futhi yagcina nephunga layo elibushelelezi. Ngenxa yezimfanelo zalo, i-resin ye-umsedari ingenye yezakhi zokuxuba izidumbu, futhi uwoyela womsedari wasiza ekugcineni ama-papyrus asendulo ayigugu aseGibhithe kuze kube namuhla.
Abantu basendulo bakha imikhumbi yabo ngokhuni lomsedari, futhi umuthi omuhle we-gopher, lapho uNowa akha khona umkhumbi wakhe, ungumsedari okhula ezigodini zaseMesophothamiya.
Ukuchazwa kwesihlahla
Umsedari omangalisayo ungowomndeni womndeni wakwaPine. Lezi zihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza, ezihlala ziluhlaza kuze kufinyelele kumamitha angama-45 ukuphakama, zinomqhele osabalalisa kabanzi wepiramidi. Zinezindala ezinde futhi zikhula zize zifinyelele eminyakeni engama-400-500. Amagxolo amnyama grey ezihlahleni ezincane abushelelezi, ezindala - ngemifantu nezikali.
Izinaliti zimise okwenaliti, ziyaconsa, zilukhuni futhi zinamahlwili. Umbala wayo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene uhluka kusuka kokuluhlaza okotshani kuya kokuluhlaza okotshani nokuhlaza kwesiliva. Izinaliti zihlanganiswa. Izimbali zomsedari, uma ungazibiza ngokuthi ngama-spikelets, zide zifike ku-5 cm ubude nama-stamens amancane kanye nama-anther. Izimbali zomsedari ziqhakaza ekwindla.
Amatshe akhula emagatsheni eyodwa ngasikhathi, ahlelwe ngokuqondile, njengamakhandlela. Vula ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu bese usakaza ubusika, usakaza imbewu emoyeni. Lapho sezisesimweni esihle, ziyaqhuma emva kwezinsuku ezingama-20.
Imbewu yomsedari ayifani nakancane namantongomane. Zincane, zinamaphiko okuhlaliswa kahle komoya futhi azinakutholakala.
IKedari idinga ukukhanya okuncane, hhayi okuhlanganisiwe enhlabathini ephezulu neyiphefumulayo. Ziwazwela kakhulu amanzi amile. Uncamela umhlabathi ompofu ku-lime. Ezintabeni ezakhiwe ngama-limestone, ahlushwa yi-chlorosis futhi kwesinye isikhathi afa.
Zizizwa zingcono ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinelanga, kepha enhlabathini ezicebile zikhula kahle emthunzini owufunayo.
Habitat
Izindawo lapho umsedari ukhula kuyo yonke indawo ziyingxenye engaseningizimu nasempumalanga yogu lweMedithera. Izihlahla zithanda izindawo ezinezintaba ezinehlobo elipholile nobusika obuthambile. Ziphinde zitholakale nasezindaweni ezansi kweHimalaya, eNyakatho Ntshonalanga Afrika, eLebanon, lapho umsedari ungolunye lwezimpawu zezwe futhi uboniswa kwifulegi likazwelonke kanye nengalo yezingalo.
E-Russia, umsedari ukhula kuphela ogwini oluseningizimu yeCrimea, lapho uye waqhakambisa ngempumelelo futhi unikeza ukuzala okuhle. Kwezinye izifunda, kutholakala kuphela ezingadini ze-botanical nasezitaladini. Futhi lowo muthi, obizwa ngokuthi umsedari waseSiberia, empeleni umelela uhlobo lwePine futhi ubizwa ngokufanele ngokuthi uphayini waseSiberia, waseYurophu noma waseKorea. Ngemisedari, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zihlanganiswa umndeni owodwa. Kepha "uphaya wamantongomane" owathandekayo futhi owusizo kakhulu unika ngqo uphayini waseSiberia.
Izinhlobo zeKedari
Uhlobo lomsedari linezinhlobo ezi-4:
- I-Atlas - i-Cedrus atlantica;
- iDemo coniferi - iCedrus brevifolia. Kweminye imithombo, le nhlobo ihlotshaniswa nohlobo lweLebanon subspecies;
- IHimalayan - Cedrus deodara;
- ILebanese - Cedrus libani.
Ukwakheka kwezigaxa zemisedari namapayipi kufana kakhulu, ngakho-ke, isikhathi eside lezi zinhlobo ezazibaliwe zazibhekwa njengezifana. Kepha ucwaningo lwesayensi olusha luye lwaphikisa le mininingwane, futhi manje zombili izinhlobo zihlukaniswe ekilasini.
I-Atlas
Umsedari we-Atlas ukhula emithambekeni yezintaba ze-Atlas e-Algeria naseMorocco. Emvelweni yemvelo itholakala endaweni ephakeme efika ku-2000 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Umuthi lo muhle, uyafiphala. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zifinyelela ku-50 m ukuphakama, futhi isiqu sazo singamamitha ayi-1.5-2. Izinaliti zihlanganiswa futhi zibe nohlobo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinkuni ziyasinisa futhi zinamakha, zikhumbuza nge-sandalwood ngephunga. Uhlobo lwe-Atlas lubekezelela iqhwa lize liye ku-20 ° C futhi libhekane kahle nesomiso.
Emazweni ase-Afrika, izinkuni zomsedari zisetshenziselwa uphethiloli. Amafutha anezici ezinhle ze-antiseptic futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi ngezinjongo zokuhlobisa.
I-Atlas umsedari njengesitshalo esitshaliwe sitshalwa eningizimu yeYurophu, ezindaweni zezintaba zaseCaucasus nasemazweni ase-Asia.
Umuthi we-bonsai, okhule endaweni yonke njengengadi noma isitshalo esingaphakathi endlini, ungumsedari we-Atlas.
IHimalayan
Umsedari weHimalayan ukhula empumalanga naseningizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia, ezintabeni zezintaba zaseHimalayan, e-Afghanistan, eNdiya, eNepal nasePakistan. Itholakala ezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-3500. Uhlobo lweHimalayan alungenaphansi kwe-Atlas ukuphakama nokugqwala kwesiqu, ngokungafani nalokhu, sinomqhele obanzi. Amagatsha esihlahla somdala ahambelana nomhlabathi. Izinkuni zihlala ziqinile futhi zinephunga eliqinile; Izinaliti zithambile impela, zilula, zine-tint grey-grey.
Amathanga avuthwa isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, bese ayakhubazeka. Imbewu incane, ayinakusebenza, iyabulala izinhlungu. Uhlobo lweHimalayan lukwazi ukubekezelela shading kangcono kunezinye, yize ezimweni zemvelo kuhlala ihlosi eliphakeme lehlathi. Izinhlobo zomuntu ngamunye ziphila iminyaka engu-1000.
Umsedari weHimalayan ukhula ngokushesha futhi usetshenziswa kabanzi emapaki anendawo eningizimu mpumalanga yeYurophu naseCrimea.
ILebanoni
Umsedari waseLebhanoni awuphansi kunabanye ukuphakama namandla esiqu. Umqhele wezihlahla ezincane ubumbene, ngokuhamba kweminyaka uthatha ukwakheka okuthe xaxa. Izinaliti ziluhlaza-grey-green, ziphila iminyaka emi-2, zihlanganiswe.
Eminyakeni engu-25- 28, isihlahla siqala ukuthela izithelo. Kwenziwa amasamba njalo eminyakeni emibili.
Le nhlobonhlobo ibonakala ngokukhula kancane, ibekezelela amafrimu wesikhathi esifushane aze afike ku-30 ° C. Ikhetha izindawo ezinokhanyo kahle, isomiso esincane, ingakhula emhlabathini ompofu, kepha ayikubekezeleli umswakama ngokweqile.
Umsedari waseLebanon ubekelwa ukukhanya kwawo, kuthambile, kepha ngasikhathi sinye izinkuni ezibomvu eziqinile.
Izinhlobo zeCarl Pine
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngokwemininingwane yakamuva yesayensi, izinhlobo zaseCanada, zaseKorea nezaseSiberia ziyimisedari yangempela kuphela izihlobo eziseduze, amagama ajwayelekile kubo bonke abantu asele. Umsedari waseCanada ungowokuzalwa kukaTui womndeni wakwaCypress.
Iphayini yemisedari yaseKorea
IKedariya yaseKorea noma iManchu isihlahla sikaphayini se-coniferous esatshalaliswa empumalanga ye-Asia, China, Korea, Japan kanye neRussia Far East. Umuthi omude omude unesithsaba esiminyene sogologo kanye nezimpande ezijulile ezingamanga. Izinaliti ziluhlaza okotshani obude, obude, bukhula ngamaqhubu ezingcezu ezi-5.
Amangqamuzana avuthwa kungakapheli unyaka nesigamu bese kubhoboka ekwindla noma ekuqaleni kobusika. Isigaxa ngasinye siqukethe amantongomane amaningi. Izithelo Izinhlobo zaseKorea njalo eminyakeni embalwa.
Iphayini yemisedari yaseSiberia
Umsedari waseSiberia, noma uphayini waseSiberia uyisihlahla esihlala sikhona, ubukhulu bawo bungaphansi kancinane kunesihlobo saso esidumile. Uhlala kuze kube yiminyaka engama-500-700, uhluka ngendondo eminyene, imvamisa yama-vertex ngamagatsha awugqinsi. Izinaliti zithambile, zinde, futhi ziyaqhakaza. Lesi sihlahla sikhula ngohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande, futhi ezinhlabathini ezinesihlabathi esikhanyayo sithuthukisa izimpande ze-anchor ezingena ekujuleni okukhulu. Kuqhathaniswa nemisedari ebekezelayo, enesikhathi esifushane sokukhula.
Isitshalo sinezigaxa zowesilisa nabesifazane. Zivuthwa kungakapheli unyaka nesigamu bese ziwa ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Isigaxa ngasinye siqukethe amantongomane afinyelela ku-150. Esihlahleni esisodwa thola kuze kufike ku-12 kg wamantongomane zikaphayini. Umsedari waseSiberia uqala ukuthela izithelo sekwephuzile, ngokwesilinganiso eneminyaka yobudala engama-50-60.
Ama-squirrel kanye nama-chipmunks abamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwesihlahla, okusabalalisa imbewu ebangeni elide.
Ubuqili bokukhula kwamantongomane omsedari
Abalimi baseRussia bakhulisa uphayini womsedari waseSiberia, ngokwesiko bawubiza ngokuthi umsedari. Akekho ongenqaba ukuba nobuhle obumnandi baseSiberia ngezinaliti ezinephunga elimnandi nezinsizakalo zokupholisa esizeni sabo, futhi ezintweni ezibonakalayo kunezinhlobo ezikhula kancane ezingathathi isikhala esiningi. Sifunda ukuthi ungawulima kanjani umsedari ngokuthenga izithombo endaweni yokulela.
Lapho ukhetha indawo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngokweminyaka, isidingo somuthi ekukhanyeni kwelanga kuphela, ngakho-ke kufanele ukhethe indawo ngaphandle komthunzi. Uma kunokwenzeka, kuthengwa izithombo zomsedari ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvaliwe. Kungcono ukuthatha izithombo zezimpande lapho uhlelo lwazo lwezimpande lungazange lube nesikhathi sokuwomisa, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukukhetha isithombo esivele simbiwe. Isigaxa sobumba akumele sibe ngaphansi kwesigamu samamitha ububanzi futhi sifakwe emgqonyeni wamanzi nesikhwama sepulasitiki.
Ungasitshala kanjani isithombo sikaphayini womsedari
Ngaphambi kokutshala, kubalulekile ukumba yonke indawo engadini lapho kuhlelwe khona ukutshala izithombo. Imigodi yokufika ilungiselela okungaphezulu kwesigaxa sobumba. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigodi kufanele okungenani libe ngamamitha ayi-8. Imisedari emincane itshalwa ngokushesha enhlabathini elula, kuthi isihlabathi kanye nogologo kufakwe enhlabathini enzima.
Phansi komgodi, kuthululelwa inhlabathi encane bese kubekwa isithombo, sisakaza izimpande. Intamo yezimpande akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwezinga lomhlaba. Uma kwenzeka konke lokhu, lesi yisithombo siyakhishwa futhi sithulule umhlaba omncane. Ngemuva kwalokho, kubekwa isikhonkwane eduze kwesihlahla bese uthulula umhlabathi phezu komgodi, usicwebezele kancane. Umgodi wokutshala uniselwa kakhulu, umhlaba oyindilinga yesiqu ufakwe ngothuli oluhlanganayo, sawdust noma ngegxolo elichotshoziwe.
Kungakapheli amasonto amabili, ngenkathi isithombo siqala, siniselwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3, uma kungekho mvula.
Sikhula umsedari kusuka ku-nati
Uma bekungenakwenzeka ukuthola isithombo e-nursery, bese ama-pine nati avuthiwe ku-vase asikisela umbono othile, zizwe ukhululekile ukukhetha okukhulu kunakho konke ngegobolondo lonke - sizozama ukukhulisa umsedari kusuka ezinhlanyelweni ekhaya. Inqubo yokukhulisa amantongomane akulula, kepha iyajabulisa kakhulu:
- imbewu ibekwa emanzini futhi igcinwe izinsuku ezingama-3, ukuyiguqula ngezikhathi ezithile;
- amantongomane we-pop-up ayasuswa, bese okusele kugcinwa amahora amaningi kusisombululo esinsundu esimnyama se-potanganum permanganate;
- imbewu elwa namagciwane ifakwa emgodini omanzi futhi ihlelwe izinyanga okungenani ezintathu;
- khona-ke amantongomane ayaphinda afakwe ku-potassium permanganate kosuku futhi omisiwe;
- kuhlwanyelwe emhlabathini ovaliwe (abamba ukushisa noma ifilimu yokukhosela) enhlabathini elungiselelwe, equkethe izingxenye ezingama-20 zepuni, izingxenye ezi-2 zomlotha nengxenye eyi-superphosphate ekujuleni okungama-2-3 cm;
- ngaphambi kokuvela, imifula iyaniselwa.
Emhlabathini ovaliwe, izithombo zitshalwa iminyaka emi-2. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukukhosela kuyasuswa. Izihlahla ezineminyaka engu-6-8 ubudala zilungele ukuthuthelwa endaweni yaphakade.
Nakekela umsedari osemusha waseSiberia uqukethe ukuthambisa okuvamile, ukugoqa umbuthano wesiqu, ukuvuleka komzimba ngokungabikho kwe-mulch nokusebenzisa umanyolo we-potassium kathathu ngesizini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-20 g ye-potassium sulfate ifakwe emgqonyeni wamanzi futhi inisele nomuthi ngamunye.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zikaphayini womsedari zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi - "Recordist" kanye "Icarus". Zombili zihlobisa kakhulu, zihlanganisiwe ngosayizi, azithobeki futhi zithela izithelo kakhulu.
IKedari, eyayikhule kusuka kwinadi, maduze iba ngesinye sezihlahla ezithandwa kakhulu esizeni. Futhi lapho ikhula, futhi emthunzini wayo izokwazi ukuphumula, inikeze imizuzu eminingi emnandi, ilethe ukupholisa futhi ivuselele umoya ngephunga elimnandi lika-resinous.
