Isitshalo se-perennial daisy plant (iBellis) simele umndeni we-Asteraceae (Asters). Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyi-14. Endle, isitshalo esinjalo sokuqhakaza sitholakala eMedithera. Igama lesiGrikhi lasendulo elithi "margarites" eliguqulweni lisho "iparele", lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-daisies akhula endle anezimbali ezincane ezimhlophe. UPliny wanikeza igama lesiLatin lesi sitshalo, lihumusha ngokuthi "muhle, muhle." Kwamanye amazwe, i-daisy ibizwa ngokuthi "iso losuku", ngoba ukuvulwa kwezimbali zayo kubonwa ngqo phakathi kokuphuma kwelanga. Uma uhumusha leli gama olimini lwesiNgisi, kuzokhala njengokuthi "daisy ay", kulokhu, lesiNgisi sithande lesi simila ngegama elinqabile likaDaisy. Amantombazane aseJalimane asebenzisa ama-daisies esikhundleni se-daisies ekutsheleni inhlanhla, edwengula amathole awo, mayelana nalokhu baqala ukubiza i-daisy daisy eJalimane ngokuthi "isilinganiso sothando." Isiko elinjalo lezimbali eminyakeni edlule liye lathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi, ngakho kwasungulwa izinganekwane nezinsumansumane eziningi mayelana nama-daisies. Lezi zimbali zazibhekwa njengemfashini cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba ngesikhathi sezimbali zibukeka zihle futhi zihle.
Izici zikaDaisy
I-Daisy isitshalo esincane esinamakhambi esine-Rhizome emfushane. Amapuleti amaqabunga e-basal ayacashunwa, ayekiswa futhi ahanjiswe. Isiqu asinamacembe futhi kukhiwa inhloko eyi-1 kuso. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimbali zabesifazane bomhlanga ngombala opinki noma omhlophe kwenzeka esisekelweni sokwakheka kwe-conic. Izimbali eziphakathi ziyindatshana ye-tubular, futhi zipendwe ephuzi. Kulawo ma-daisies akhulwe abalimi, ama-inflorescence awakwazi ukwahluka ngosayizi kuphela, kodwa futhi abe yi-terry, semi-double noma elula. Izithelo ziyi-achene ebunjiwe ngaphandle komhubhe.
Khula i-daisies kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Ukuhlwanyela
Izinhlobo zama-daisies zizala kahle kakhulu ngembewu. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa enhlabathini evulekile ngoJuni. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa enhlabathini enomswakama, futhi awudingi ukuyivala, vele uyimboze ngesendlalelo esincanyana se-humus noma ngesihlabathi esitshekile. Iqiniso ngukuthi imbewu enjalo idinga ukushisa (cishe ama-degree angama-20) nokukhanya kwelanga ukuze kubonakale amahlumela. Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, khona-ke imbewu yokuqala ingavela ezinsukwini eziyi-7 kuphela ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Uma imbewu ingahlwanyelwa enhlabathini, futhi izilimo ngaphezulu zimbozwe ngefilimu esobala, khona-ke ukuhluma kuzovela, futhi ukujula kokuhlwanyelwa ngeke kusenandaba (izithombo zizovela noma kunjalo). Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa, futhi izitshalo ezivelayo kufanele zifafazwe ngengqimba yomhlabathi omncane. Lezi zithombo zibonakaliswa ngentuthuko esheshayo, kulokhu, kuzodingeka ukuthi zithakwe emhlabathini ovulekile, ngenkathi kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-0xx0.2 m. Ukuqhakaza kwama-daisies akhiqizwa kusuka imbewu kungabonakala kuphela entwasahlobo elandelayo, futhi kule sizini, wonke amabutho abo azoqondiswa ekwakhiweni kokuphuma kwamaqabunga. Lezi zimbali zikhiqiza kahle ngokwanele ngokuzitshala. Entwasahlobo, lapho kuvela izithombo, uzodinga kuphela ukuzinciphisa, futhi ukhiphe nazo zonke izitshalo ezinesifo noma ezibuthakathaka. Kodwa-ke, ngale ndlela yokuzala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi unyaka nonyaka izimbali ziba zincane futhi izitshalo kancane kancane zizolahlekelwa yizimpawu zazo zokuhlukahluka.
Ikhula ngezithombo
Inani elikhulu lama-daisies engadi atshalwa ngokunembile ngezithombo. Iqiniso ngukuthi izithombo ezinjalo zingaqala ukuqhakaza kakade esikhathini samanje. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwembewu kwenziwa ngoFebhuwari noma ngoMashi, ngoba lokhu, kusetshenziswa iziqukathi ezihlukile, ezizokhipha ukulimala ohlelweni lwezimpande lapho kushona khona. Amathangi adinga ukugcwaliswa ngenhlabathi ehleliwe enomsoco, ungathengwa kunoma yisiphi isitolo esikhethekile. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nasenhlabathini evulekile, kuyilapho izitshalo ezinjalo zizodinga ukukhanyiswa okuhle nokufudumala (cishe ama-degree angama-20). Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlele kabusha iziqukathi endaweni epholile (ukusuka kuma-12 kuye kwangama-15 degrees). Kufanele futhi kubhekwe ukuthi izithombo zizodinga ukukhanyiswa okwengeziwe, ngoba amahora okukhanya kwemini adingekayo kuwo kufanele asuke emahoreni ayi-12 kuye kwayi-14, futhi ngalesi sikhathi sosuku usuku alukade lwanele.
Ukutshala ama-daisies emhlabathini ovulekile
Isikhathi sokufika emhlabeni
Ama-daisies ayizitshalo ezinemifanekiso eminingi, kulokhu, isiza sazo kufanele sikhethe isibani esikhanyayo. Leli siko alifuni ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi. Ungatshala izithombo ngokuphelele kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi engadini. Kodwa-ke, izokhula kahle kwi-loam ekhanyayo ehleliwe. Izitshalo ezisezindaweni eziphansi lapho kunokuqina kokuncibilika noma amanzi emvula, iqiniso liwukuthi izitshalo ezinjalo zisabela kabi kumswakama omningi womhlabathi wokutshala.
Ukutshala izithombo ezikhulile enhlabathini evulekile kwenziwa ngezinsuku zokugcina zikaMeyi noma ezokuqala - ngoJuni.
Izici Zokufika
Ukutshala ihlumela emhlabathini kuyadingeka kanye nenhlama yomhlaba. Ukuqala, kufanele ulungiselele izimbobo zokufika hhayi enkulu kakhulu, ibanga phakathi kwabo kufanele lilingane namasentimitha angama-20. Izithombo kufanele zitshalwe kuzo ngokudluliselwa, ngenkathi zizama ukungalimazi izimpande zezitshalo. Ingaphezulu lomhlabathi elizungeze izihlahla kufanele lakhiwe kahle, emva kwalokho ama-daisies atshaliwe athelwe kakhulu.
Nakekela ama-daisies engadini
Ukukhula ama-daisies akunzima kangako. Zidinga ukuniselwa kuphela ngesikhathi, ukhula, ukondle futhi ukhulule ingaphezulu lomhlabathi. Uhlelo lwezimpande lwalezi zitshalo alujulile, ngakho-ke kufanele luniselwe ngendlela ehlelekile. Uma ama-daisies engenawo amanzi, khona-ke ama-inflorescence azobuna, kuyilapho izinhlobo ze-terry zizolahlekelwa yileli khwalithi. Lapho izimbali ziniselwa, kubalulekile ukuthukulula ngokucophelela ingaphezulu lomhlabathi elizungeze izihlahla, ezizothuthukisa uhlelo lwempande. Ukuze wehlise kakhulu inani lokunisela, ukhula nokhula, ngemuva kokutshalwa kwezithombo, indawo yendawo kufanele imbozwe ungqimba we-mulch. Futhi, ukuba khona kwesendlalelo se-mulching kuzosiza ekugwemeni ukugcwala kohlelo lwezimpande, olwenzeka ngenxa yomiswa kwengqimba yenhlabathi ephezulu.
Kunconywa ukondla ama-daisies okungenani kabili phakathi nenkathi. Kulokhu, kusetshenziselwa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi izitshalo eziqhakazayo ezine-microelements (kusuka kumagremu angama-25 kuye kwangama-30 zithathwa ngemitha eyi-1). Ukuze izimbali zibe zinde futhi zibukeke, kuyadingeka ukukhipha ama-inflorescence aseqalile ukuqhela ngesikhathi.
Ukusakazeka kweDaisies
Ama-Daisies awakhulelwanga kuphela ngendlela yokukhiqiza (imbewu), izindlela zezitshalo nazo zikulungele lokhu, okungukuthi: ukuxhunyelelwa nokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Ukusabalalisa ngezindlela zokumila, ochwepheshe batusa okokuqala kwama-daisies ahlukahlukene, ngoba njengoba bekhula, ama-inflorescence abo eba mancane, futhi ukusebenza kwawo kuyalahleka.
Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukuhlukanisa izihlahla emavikini ehlobo eledlule noma eyokuqala - ukuwa, kanye nale nqubo ingenziwa entwasahlobo. Susa isihlahla enhlabathini bese uhlukaniswa sibe izingxenye ezine-6. Cindezela zonke izimbali namahlumela ku-Delenki, futhi udinga ukususa wonke amapuleti amaqabunga, ushiye ama-petioles, nezimpande zifushaniswa zibe ngama-50-80 mm. Ngenxa yokulungiselela okunjalo, i-Delenki izokwazi kangcono ukuthatha izimpande ngemuva kokufika. U-Delenki otshalwe enhlabathini evulekile uzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezimo ezintsha bese uqhubeka nokukhula ngokukhuthele nokuqhakaza. Uma ukwahlukaniswa kungenazimpande, kusazothatha izimpande. Ngemuva kokutshala enhlabathini, izimpande ezintsha zizoqala ukukhula kusukela kusisekelo sezinhlamvu ezinamaqabunga.
Ukusakazwa kwama-daisies ngokusika kwenziwa ngasikhathi sinye kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, usebenzisa ithuluzi elibukhali kakhulu, kufanele unqume amahlumela akamuva anamaqabunga esihlahleni esidala. Zenze zigijime embhedeni, lapho inhlabathi kufanele ikhululeke khona. Ngemuva kwengxenye yenyanga, ukusika okunjalo kumile ngokuphelele. Izimbali zokuqala ezingama-daisies ezikhulwe kusuka ku-cuttings, zingabonakala kuphela kwisizini ezayo.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi leli siko lembali lilincane, alivumelani neze nezifo nezinambuzane ezithile eziyingozi. Kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi igciwane lesifo litheleleke kalula. Ngakho-ke, esihlahleni esithintekile emavikini okuqala ehlobo kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ukunwetshwa kwama-pedicels, ukuqothuka kwama-inflorescence, kuyilapho amapuleti eqabunga eba mancane futhi eba nombala omfushane kakhulu. Onke ama-bush anegciwane kufanele abiwe futhi abhujiswe ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi nendawo lapho akhulele khona kufanele abulawe amagciwane; lokhu kusetshenziswa isisombululo esinamandla se-potanganum permanganate.
Kuyaqabukela, i-daisy ithintwa yi-powdery hlobo. Isihlahla esinesifo ebusweni bezimbali namahlamvu sivela njengokudotshwa kombala okukhanyayo noma umbala omhlophe. Izitshalo ezithintwe yilesi sifo sikhunta noma izingxenye zazo zinconywa ukuthi zichithwe. Ukuze uqede isifo esinjalo sokukhunta, kuyadingeka ukufafaza zonke izitshalo ezikule ndawo ngeTopaz, isisombululo se-colloidal sulfure noma i-Bordeaux fluid.
Kwezinye izimo, imikhaza ihlala ezihlathini, ukuze kulawulwe ngazo zisebenzisa izidakamizwa ezilwanyayo, isibonelo, i-Actellik noma iKarbofos. Amagundane nawo ayakwazi ukulimaza izitshalo; ngokubhujiswa kwawo ebusweni besakhiwo ezindaweni eziningana kufakwa isibheyisi esinobuthi.
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho baphikisana nokuthi uma ulandela yonke imithetho ekhona yalesi siko lapho kukhula ama-daisies, azoqina kakhulu ukuthi angalimazi lutho, kanti ngasikhathi sinye ajabulisa umnikazi wawo ngezimbali ezinhle nezinhle.
I-perennial daisy ngemuva kwezimbali
Ukuqoqwa kwembewu
Ukuvuthwa kwembewu yobisi kubhekwa ngezikhathi ezihlukile, okungukuthi, aziculwa ngasikhathi sinye. Kulokhu, ukuqoqwa kwabo kufanele kwenziwe kancane kancane, noma kunalokho, izikhathi ezi-1 noma ezi-2 ezinsukwini eziyi-7. Sika inani elidingekayo lama-inflorescence awonakele, ngenkathi uzama ukwenza lokhu ngaphambi kokuba imbewu evuthiwe igezwe ngemvula noma umjelo wamanzi ngesikhathi sokunisela. Imbewu kufanele isuswe ku-inflorescence bese isatshalaliswa phezu kweshidi lephepha. Ukuze zomiswe, zibekwa endaweni enomoya ovulekile. Imbewu emisiwe ithululelwa ezikhwameni zamaphepha, ezifakwa endaweni emnyama futhi eyomile, lapho zizogcinwa khona.
Ungazilungiselela kanjani ubusika
Ukuvikela uhlelo olungaphezulu lwezimpande zama-daisies kusuka kuqhwa obusika obunzima, ikakhulukazi uma kulindeleke ukuthi kungabi inani elikhulu kakhulu leqhwa, ubuso bendawo kumele bumbozwe ungqimba obukhulu be-mulch (humus, sawdust, peat, njll). Ubukhulu besendlalelo se-mulching kumele senziwe ukuze singabi mncane kuno-80 mm. Uma izihlahla ziqala ukuphuma enhlabathini, lapho izimpande zazo zidalulwa, isidingo soku mulching endaweni siyanda. Entwasahlobo, lezi zihlahlana zizodinga ukufakelwa endaweni entsha endaweni ejulile efanele zona.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zama-daisies anezithombe namagama
Abalimi bahlakulela izinhlobo ezi-2 zama-daisies: zonyaka nezingapheli. Akukho mehluko obaluleke kakhulu ekutshaleni nasekunakekelweni kwama-daisies asebenza unyaka nonyaka.
Ama-Daisies Wonyaka (iBellis annua)
Izitshalo ezingezinhlobo zalolu hlobo zinconywa ukuthi zisetshenziswe ekhaya, futhi zingaba umhlobiso omuhle kuvulandi noma ithala. Futhi zingakhuliswa ezindaweni ezinamadwala. Ama-daises ase-perennial athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi, maqondana nalokhu, abafuyi bazinaka kakhulu, ngoba izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene zazalwa.
I-perennial Daisy (I-Bellis perennis)
Ukuphakama kwezihlahla kungamamitha ayi-0,0-0.3. I-rosette eyisisekelo iqukethe amaqabunga amaqabunga wesimo esivele ngokusobala noma sama-oblongid. Ngonyaka wesibili ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, kwakhiwa inqwaba yezinyawo ezingenamacembe emithini, endaweni lapho kune-pubescence, kuyilapho ifinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-0,15-0.3. umbala omhlophe noma obomvu. Ngaphesheya kwebhasikidi kunezimbali ezinkulu zomhlanga noma zethala, kanti phakathi kukhona izimbali ezincane eziphuzi zegolide. Imbewu iyisicaba, incane, i-oval ngesimo. Le nhlobo isabalalisa ngokuphelele ngokuzitshala, izithombo ezinobungane ezivele entwasahlobo zingasetshenziswa njengezithombo uma zifunwa.
Zonke izinhlobo eziningi zama-daisies zisetshenziswa zihlukaniswe ukwakheka kwama-inflorescences-basiketi ku-tubular nomhlanga. Kuwo womabili amaqembu kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinama-terry, semi-double and elula inflorescences:
- Ama-inflorescence alula. Ziqukethe imigqa engu-1-3 yomhlanga noma yezimbali ezinemibala ebomvu. Ephakathi kukhona idiski enezimbali ezincane eziphuzi ze-tubular.
- Half Terry Inflorescences. Ziqukethe izimbali zomhlanga ezinemibala ezihlelwe ngemigqa emi-4. Umaphakathi uphuzi futhi uqukethe izimbali ezincane ze-tubular.
- Ama-Terry inflorescence. Kubandakanya izimbali eziningi zomhlanga ezinemibala, ngenkathi zicishe zimboze ngokuphelele maphakathi, ezinezimbali eziphuzi ze-tubular.
Futhi, izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswe ngosayizi wama-inflorescences-obhasikidi: amancane - ububanzi 20-25 mm; maphakathi - 40-60 mm; enkulu - kusuka ku-60 mm nokuningi.
Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu:
- URobella. Ngobubanzi, ama-inflorescence amakhulu e-terry afinyelela ku-50 mm. Ama-inflorescence ayiminyene impela, aqukethe izimbali ezigoqwe ngembobo yombala we-salmon-pink. Emncintiswaneni "Fleroselect" lolu hlobo wanikezwa indondo yegolide.
- Rob Roy. Emabeleni amancane, ama-inflorescence amancane abomvu akhula, afike ku-10-20 mm ngaphesheya.
- UBella Daisy. Le nhlobonhlobo yokuqala yezimbali nayo yanikezwa umklomelo i- "Fleroselect". Ngobubanzi, ubhasikidi we-terry ufinyelela ku-20-25 mm, unombala ojulile wepinki.
- I-Pomponett. Esihlahleni, ama-inflorescence amancane e-pompom shape flaunt, afana nse nezinkinobho.
Kungekudala kakhulu, kwaqala ukuvela uchungechunge lwama-daisies, izinhlobo ezazinezimpawu eziningi ezejwayelekile, kodwa ezingafani ngombala obhasikidi, zifakiwe kuzo. Ethandwa kakhulu yile elandelayo:
- Uchungechunge lweTasso. Izinhlobonhlobo zinamahlumela amafushane anama-inflorescence aminyene kakhulu-obhasikidi abekwe ngendlela ye-pom-pom, aqukethe izimbali ze-tubular. Ngobubanzi, afinyelela ku-40 mm futhi angapendwa nge-pink, pink-salmon, obomvu nomhlophe. Futhi kunezinhlobonhlobo zombala opinki ohlukahlukene, ophakathi nendawo omnyama.
- I-Speedstar Series. Izimbali eziqhakazayo ziqala ngonyaka wokuhlwanyela. Ama-inflorescence amhlophe noma ama-carmine semi-double anemibala ephakathi nendawo egcwele umbala ophuzi. Ezinhlotsheni ezinama-inflorescence apinki azungeze maphakathi ophuzi, kukhona umugqa omhlophe.
- Uchungechunge lweRominette. Ngaphesheya kwesiphambano, ama-inflorescence ama-bushy afinyelela ku-20 mm; angaqokwa ngombala obomvu, opinki ophuzi, omhlophe noma opinki we-carmine. Isihlahla sifinyelela ekuphakameni kwamasentimitha ayi-15 kuphela.
