Amehlo athokozisayo efilakisi lokuhlobisa

Abalimi abaningi babheka ifilakisi njengento engaxakile futhi okunzima ukuyikhipha. Lesi sitshalo esidala asisibalulekile kangako namuhla. Futhi yize ifilakisi lisakaze ngamandla ngenkani engadini, ngisho nelula kunazo zonke, ifilakisi yefilakisi lezimboni alikwazi ukubukeka. Futhi akusizi ngalutho ukuthi kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amabili emndenini wefilakisi: kanye nefilakisi elilula, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokuhlobisa. Iziqu ezinomusa nezimbali ezihlukile ezingithinti azazi izimbangi namuhla. Ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu, lesi sitshalo sekuyisikhathi eside siluphawu lwale ndlela elula. Futhi amehlo aqhakaza anezela ukuthandwa ngokudlala, nensimu ekujabuleni kwenjabulo, amane awusizo kodwa ukuletha ukumamatheka. Ukukhula ifilakisi lokuhlobisa kulula njengokukhula ifilakisi ejwayelekile.

Ifilakisi. © Shawn Wainwight

Amatende Okuhlobisa weFilakisi Lasendulo

Lapho ifilakisi libekwa phakathi kwezitshalo ezitshaliwe ezindala, akunakuphikwa ukuthi yikuphi ukweqisa. Njengeviki le-Pancake namasiko wokuphotha, kuye kwaklanyelwe ngempela iminyaka eyinkulungwane.

Ifilakisi (Linum) ukhula ngesimo sokuncipha, hhayi ubukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele kanye nobukhulu bamabhasi. Kepha uma ifilakisi yefilakisi elitshalwe ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ngesilinganiso sezimboni ikhula isuka ku-60 cm iye ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1, ifilakisi lokuhlobisa livame ukukhawulelwa osayizi abathobekile kakhulu.

Izimpande zefilakisi ezincanyana nezinomusa zinezicembe ezinamaqabunga ahlala phansi futhi zibonakala zingajwayelekile. Kodwa ukugxila okuyinhloko izimbali. Ukusuka ngo-1.5-2 cm ubukhulu kufilakisi elijwayelekile kuya ku-5-6 cm ezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu, anqoba ngesimo esilula esime ngendlela yomumo kanye nobuhle bezindlwana ezifuywayo. Uma ifilakisi yefilakisi liqhakaza kuphela kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi, khona-ke izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ziba esiteji isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi zivame ukuhlobisa izingadi kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuya kusihlwa. Bona, njengefilakisi elijwayelekile, banesikhathi sokubeka izithelo ezingabonakala kalula zebhokisi, ngalinye lifihla imbewu eyi-10 ecwebezelayo, nsundu kanye nefulethi.

Lapho usuvele uthenge izinhlobo ezinhle zefilakisi, uzokwazi ukuzinikela ngokuzimela wena nabo bonke abangane bakho ngenzalo yesitshalo esikhanyayo esihle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azilahli ukuhluma iminyaka emithathu.

Ukuqhakaza kwefilakisi akugcini ngokubukeka, kepha futhi akujwayelekile. Izimbali zayo ziyaqhakaza usuku olulodwa. Futhi mabangabhekelwa izingcezu zezimbali futhi bazijabulise amasonto amaningi, ungakhungathekiswa: ama-inflorescence amasha avuleka emabeleni ngokungakhathali, futhi ukubopha okuhlala njalo kwama-buds kuvumela ilineni lokuhlobisa ukuhlobisa ingadi izinyanga eziningana ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Akunakwenzeka ukonakalisa ubuhle bezimbali zefilakisi nganoma yisiphi umbhede wezimbali noma umbhede wezimbali, umbhede noma umgodi. Noma ngabe lezi zitshalo zivela esivandeni sakho endaweni ebalaseleyo yoMama Wezemvelo, ngenxa yekhono nefilakisi ukusabalala ngobulukhuni obukhulu, lezi zitshalo zinamathuba amaningi okubangela ukumamatheka kunokudala inkathazo.

Ifilakisi enkulu enezimbali ezinkulu (iLinum grandiflorum). © HEN-Magonza

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zefilakisi lokuhlobisa

Izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu nobuhle bazo zonke izinhlobo zefilakisi lokuhlobisa ziqhosha ifilakisi lonyaka elikhulu elinamakhompiyutha amakhulu kanye nasemahlobonhlobo ahlukahlukene kakhulu ahlanganisiwe kusisekelo sawo. Ifilakisi lonyaka kulula ukukhula, liqhakaza kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside futhi linombala omuhle kakhulu. Nguye ofundwa yizinkampani eziyisisekelo zikafilakisi wokuhlobisa.

Ifilakisi enezimbali ezinkulu (ILinum grandiflorum) - Ihlobo elikhulukazi futhi elihlobisa kahle elinobude obungamasentimitha angama-60. Amagatsha aqine kakhulu phezulu kwesihlahla, kepha ezansi acishe angenalutho. Kushiya amaqabunga amancane, kepha akhanya kakhulu. Kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJuni kuya kuSepthemba, esihlahleni esihle futhi esihle kakhulu salesi sitshalo, kuhlala izimbali ezinkulu ezintathu noma ezinhlanu ezivulekile. Ngefomu eliyisisekelo, badwetshwa ngophimbo olubomvu olukhanyayo, elijwayekile ukwakheka futhi liqhakaze hhayi kanyekanye, kepha kuma-inflorescences-scute ahambile. Ifilakisi elikhulukazi eligeleza kahle livula imisele yalo ebukekayo kuphela lapho lina ilanga.

Ifilakisi lonyaka linenani elikhulu lezimo zokuhlobisa nezinhlobonhlobo. Phakathi kwazo, okuvame kakhulu:

"Amehlo Ahlekisayo" uyizinhlobonhlobo ezimhlophe zeqhwa ezinendawo enombala obomvu enkabeni yimbali ebunjiwe ngenkomishi, ngenxa yokuthi izimbali empeleni zibonakala njengeso (lesi ngesinye sezitshalo ezinhle kakhulu ze-monochrome zokuhlobisa ingadi kanye ne-hazel grouse);
ibanga elimhlophe elimhlophe "Ubuntwana";
obomvu obugqamile, ngeso elincane nokuthungwa kwesilika, okuhlukahlukene "i-Illusion";
carmine obengezela ngisho nokukhazimula ngamehlo agcwele iso;
"I-Azure" - inhlobonhlobo ekhazimulayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngethoni yasezulwini ebonakalayo nangeso elimhlophe;
"Amehlo aqhakazile" ahlukahlukene akhanya kakhulu kangangokuba akunakwenzeka nje ukukhipha iso lakho eziqhakaza zikanokusho;
I-Boogie Woogie ehlukahlukene enama-salmon petals kanye nesikhungo se-cherry;
izinhlobonhlobo ze-apricot i-Aurora efana nayo;
ibanga elimhlophe qhwa "iDayimane" elinombala we-satin wamaphalishi, okwenza izimbali ezingamasentimitha amabili zibukeke zingajwayelekile;
umlimi okhanyayo we-blue Seliger onezimbali ezincane kuma-inflorescence amakhulu - izihlangu;
izinhlobonhlobo "Sadko", ezinemibala ye-lilac enemithambo emnyama;
ibanga elipinki elikhanyayo "Blush" ngamehlo acishe angabonakali mnyama;
ahlukahlukene "i-Starfall" ("i-Zorepad") enesimo sezimbali esimise okwesibhakabhaka nethoni ebomvu emnyama, ye-muffled-way ithoni yeso;
zifana ngesimo ezinkanyezini i- "Albatross" enombala omhlophe.

Ifilakisi lase-Austrian (i-linum austriacum). © naturgucker

Ifilakisi elinezinwele ezilukhuni (i-linum hirsutum). © HEN-Magonza

I-Tauride flax (i-linum tauricum). © Fritz Flohr Reynolds

Njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa, ungayitshala engadini futhi Ifilakisi ejwayelekile, noma Ukuhlwanyela ifilakisi (linum usitatissimum) Ngokwesimo somucu ophakathi nendawo ukuya enyakatho, ifilakisi elide lendwangu lisetshenziswa ngokwesiko, kepha namuhla "iseningizimu", ifilakisi eliphansi eliphansi nalo liyatshalwa ngenkuthalo. Izinzuzo eziphambili zezitshalo izimbali ezijwayelekile eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezikhanya ngokoqobo ngeziqu ezondile.

Ngaphezu kwefilakisi lonyaka, phakathi kwenqwaba yezinhlobo zalesi sitshalo kukhona nezinto zokuhlobisa zisetshenziswa:

-mangalisa kakhulu wefilakisi elingabanda ebusika phakathi komgwaqo Ilineni lase-Austrian (i-linum austriacum) Lolu hlobo luzaqhakaza ngezimbali zakudala eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezingamasentimitha angama-2-3 ububanzi, izihlahla eziminyene ezinobude obungama-30 kuya cishe ku-60 cm. Izimbali zefilakisi zase-Austrian ziyaqhuma, kusukela ngoMeyi kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti;
kufane nayo, kepha ngezimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nemithambo emnyama ifilakisi enoboya (i-linum hirsutum);
I-Tauride ifilakisi (i-linum tauricum) izimbali ezinkulu eziphuzi eziqoqwe inqwaba kuzambulela ze-inflorescence;
ifilakisi leqabunga (linum tenuifolium) ngezimbali ezimhlophe qhwa noma ze-lilac kuma-peduncle aqondile;
kukhanya ilanga ilineni eliphuzi (i-linum flavum) ifinyelela kuma-40 cm amade ngezimbali zikaJuni-Julayi, okuhle kakhulu enkampanini yamabele okuhlobisa;
onsomi, ene-lobes ekhonjisiwe yama-petals ifilakisi elingapheli (i-linum perenne) ngezimbali ezincane, kodwa ezikhanyayo kakhulu ngeso elimhlophe kanye nemithambo emnyama ethinta inhliziyo.

Ifilakisi elimnandi (leum tenuifolium). © okusha

Ifilakisi le-perennial (i-linum perenne). © Ron den Dikken

Ifilidi eliphuzi (i-linum flavum). © CameliaTWU

Ilineni lokuhlobisa ekwakhiweni kwengadi liyasetshenziswa:

ekwakhiweni kwamagquma nezintaba ze-alpine;
ukudala imingcele enemibala futhi ejabule;
izindawo ezinkulu zokubukeka noma ukusulwa;
njengesiko lokucutshungulwa kwe-mono kusuka kubashayeli bezindiza;
ukudala amabala obukekayo otshanini;
ethangeni elinamaMoorish noma ukudala umphumela wesiduli sasendle.
ukudala amabala nezinguquko zemvelo emibhedeni yezimbali nakwezaphulelo;
kwizingoma zokuhlobisa ezigxile eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
ukwethulwa kwe- "Impactvisation" nokusindisa kwemvelo ezingadini ezihlotshiswe ngesitayela sendawo eyakhiwe ngaphesheya;
ukugcwalisa ama-voids nezindawo zezimpandla emibhedeni yezimbali nakwezaphulelo.

Kukhula ifilakisi lokuhlobisa

Njengezinhlobo eziyisisekelo zohlobo, noma iyiphi ifilakisi elihlobisayo isitshalo esithanda ilanga. Ifilakisi ingahlwanyelwa futhi itshalwe kuphela ezindaweni ezinokhanyo kahle, kugwenywe ngisho ne-penumbra encane kunazo zonke. Kungcono ukugwema izindawo ezinomoya kakhulu, kepha lesi sitshalo asesabi ukusalungiswa. Ngakho-ke zizwe ukhululekile ukumnika izindawo ezivulekile. Lapho ukhetha indawo yefilakisi esivandeni sakho, kungcono ukubhekisisa ukuhlwanyelwa kwaso, nokuthi iqiniso lokuthi ikhulu iqembu lefilakisi elitshalekile, lizobukeka lilihle. Imvamisa, indawo ehlukanisiwe noma umbhede wezimbali wabelwa ifilakisi, okuhlwanyelwa minyaka yonke ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zefilakisi yokuhlobisa. Ungathatha elinye lama-curbs elilandela leli siko.

Inhlabathi yefilakisi futhi kulula kakhulu ukuyicosha. Into esemqoka ukuthi kube nomoya- namanzi-kuvunyelwe, kukhishwe kahle futhi kube ne-calcareous (okungenani kancane). Wonke amanye amapharamitha, kufaka phakathi umsoco, awubalulekile ngisho kwifilakisi yokuhlobisa. Ifilakisi ye-perennial ikhula kangcono kunhlabathi, inhlabathi enesihlabathi, iphendula kakhulu ekuvundeni kunefilakisi yonyaka.

Ifilakisi elijwayelekile, noma ifilakisi yokutshala (i-linum usitatissimum). © USusanne Wiik

Ukutshala ifilakisi lokuhlobisa

Ifilakisi yokuhlobisa, njenganoma yisiphi isihlobo sezimboni, ivumela kuphela inqubo eyodwa yokutshala izinhlobo zonyaka - ukuhlwanyela enhlabathini evulekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, ifilakisi ihlala ibekwa emaqenjini noma amabala, ibeka yonke indawo noma izingxenye ezihlukile zemibhede yezimbali kanye nama-rabotas wayo. Akunakutshalwa ngokusebenzisa izithombo, ngoba izitshalo zinezimpande ezintekenteke kakhulu. Yebo, nobulula bokukhula, inkathi efushane yokukhula yefilakisi ayikwazi ukwenza inqubo ibe nzima.

Ukuhlwanyela ifilakisi lokuhlobisa kwenziwa ngasikhathi sinye njengefilakisi yefilakisi - ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli. Imbewu ebandayo ayesabi, ngakho-ke alikho iphuzu lokulinda uMeyi nokushisa okuzinzile. Lapho uqala ukutshala ifilakisi, kungekudala liqhuma. Ukuze welule ukugeleza kwefilakisi engadini futhi ujabulele izimbali zayo ezithandekayo ngokoqobo kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi kuya maphakathi ekwindla noma isimo sezulu esibandayo, ungaguqula isikhathi sokuhlwanyela futhi uhlwanyele ifilakisi kwizingcingo ezingama-2-4 ngokuphazamiseka kwamasonto ambalwa. Izilimo zokugcina zingenziwa kuze kube ishumi lesithathu likaMeyi.

Ifilakisi ihlwanyelwa emigqeni ngebanga elingaba ngu-20 cm phakathi kwemigqa. Ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela, imbewu ayihlakazeki kakhulu, ebangeni elingaba ngu-5 cm phakathi kwezitshalo noma kaningi, kodwa ngokuncipha okulandelayo. Enye indlela enhle yokuhlwanyela okuhle - ukutshala izitshalo ngezikhathi ezithile, ezikuvumela ukuthi udale ukutshala okuminyene nokungena denser. Njengoba ifilakisi livame ukukhula kakhulu ngokuthula, asikho isidingo sokuqina kakhulu izilimo. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi idinga ukwenziwa ngcono ngomanyolo noma ngomunye umanyolo we-organic. Ifilakisi ye-perennial ingahlwanyelwa kumgomo ofanayo ekwindla sekwephuzile, ngaphambi kobusika.

Izithombo ezincane zefilakisi ziyazwela futhi zintekenteke. Zingahlaselwa umkhuhlane noma umoya, ngakho-ke lungiselela indawo yokukhosela futhi uvikele ukufika lapho kungenzeka kube khona isimo sezulu. Lapho nje izithombo ziba namandla, izitshalo zingavikeleka ezimweni ezingezinhle.

Izithombo zefilakisi zisetshenziswa zingahlwanyelwa kude kufana nokuhlukaniswa komugqa wefilakisi yonyaka - 15-20 cm ezitshalweni ezingomakhelwane.

I-linbon narbonense

Ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo kwelineni yokuhlobisa

Ifilakisi yokuhlobisa ihlukile kufilakisi elijwayelekile kuphela ukuthi lezi zitshalo ziqhakaza kahle futhi zinde kakhulu kunokuba kunisele okungcono kakhulu ongazinikeza zona. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinqubo zokuncibilikisa inhlabathi kufanele zibe lula, hhayi eziningi kakhulu, kepha zivame. Uma ungakwazi ukunisela ifilakisi njalo, khona-ke amakhanda wezimbali ezimnandi azoyimboza ngokukhanyayo noma umngcele ngaphansi. Kepha ukunisela akubalulekile kwifilakisi. Uma ungakwazi ukunisela izitshalo njalo, vumela isomiso, izihlahla ngeke zife, imbewu izokwakheka, futhi ziyoqhakaza kahle. Kepha hhayi isikhathi eside nangomugqa wokuqhakaza okuthatha izinyanga izinyanga ngenkathi kuthambisa, ubuhle babo, kunjalo, abunakuqhathaniswa.

Njengoba ifilakisi lingenayo imifino eminyene futhi ebukekayo, lingakwazi ukuvala inhlabathi ngaphansi kokutshala okuqhubekayo, ukhula luzokonakalisa ukuhlobisa kokutshala futhi lunikeze ifilakisi ukubukeka okunganakwa. Ukususa inhlabathi kuyadingeka, ukususa ukhula noma ngabe lincane. Ngenkathi ukhula, ungagijimisi ukukhulula inhlabathi ngokuqinile: izimpande zefilakisi azishonile futhi kulula kakhulu ukuzonakalisa.

Ngezinhlobonhlobo zefilakisi zokuhlobisa, okunye ukunakekelwa, kufaka phakathi ukusika, akudingeki. Uma kuphela imbewu enhle ingakujabulisi futhi ufuna ukunciphisa umkhawulo wokuhlwanyela, khona-ke kulokhu kungcono ukusika isithelo sezithelo ngendlela efanelekile, ukuvikela imbewu ekuvuthweni.

Izinambuzane nezifo

Naphezu kwesimo sesitshalo esisodwa esilula ukuzikhulisa, ifilakisi alihlaselwa neze. Eduze kwezilimo ezinesifo, ukutshala ifilakisi kuba "yindawo yokuhlola" i-powdery hlobo, fusarium, kanye nokufika okuhlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ijubane lokusatshalaliswa kwawo lishesha ngokumangazayo. Ekutholweni kokuqala kwezimpawu zesifo, kungcono ukufafaza ngama-fungicides noma vele ulinde kuze kube ukuqhakaza kuqeda ukushabalalisa izitshalo.

Ukusakazwa kwefilakisi lokuhlobisa

Njenganoma iyiphi enye ifilakisi, ngaphandle kwama-perennials, ezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa indlela eyodwa yokusakazeka evunyelwe - ngembewu. Kulula ngokumangalisa ukukhula kwefilakisi kusuka ezinhlanyelweni; ihlwanyelwa ngqo endaweni engapheli yezitshalo. Ngezinhlobo zefilakisi zisetshenziswa njalo, ukuhlwanyelwa ebusika kuyamukeleka futhi: Ukuqhakaza okunjalo kwefilakisi ngonyaka wesibili, ngakho ukuhlwanyelwa ngaphambi kobusika kuyinto efanelekile.

Ifilakisi lase-Austrian kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezingapheli nazo zingasakazwa nge-Delenki, okungcono ukumba entwasahlobo, ngo-Ephreli noma maphakathi no-Agasti. Ngezikhathi ezithile, indlela yaseCherenkov nayo iyasetshenziswa.