IMahonia (Mahonia) noma i- “Oregon grapes” isihlahla somthi esivuthayo esihlala njalo sivela emndenini wakwaBarberry, sibalwa ngezinhlobo ezingama-50 nezinhlobonhlobo emndenini waso. Izici zalesi siko ukuhlobisa kwako okuphezulu, ukumelana nesithwathwa nesomiso, ukubekezelela umthunzi nokuqothula ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni komhlaba, ukunambitheka komuntu ngamunye kwezithelo nezinto zalo ezizuzisayo.
Lesi sitshalo siqukethe amahlumela aqinile anendawo ebushelelezi ye-pinkish-grey noma brown grey shades ngokuya ngeminyaka, amaqabunga amnyama aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izimbali zemithunzi ehlukahlukene yamajikijolo aphuzi namabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anamabala aluhlaza. Amajikijolo asetshenziswa ku-confectionery ne-winemaking. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza sithatha izinsuku ezingama-20-30 futhi siba ngo-Ephreli - Meyi, ukuvuthwa kwezithelo nokuvunwa - ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba.
Ukutshala iMagonia emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukutshala nini iMagonia
Ungatshala i-Magonia emhlabathini ovulekile nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukusuka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile. Isikhathi esihle kunazo zonke sisukela ngoMashi 1 kuya ku-Mashi 15.
Indawo kumele ivikelwe emigqeni enamandla yomoya nokusalungiswa. IMagonia ithanda izindawo ezivulekile nezishiswa yilanga, kodwa kuhle uma izihlahla ezinde zikhula eduzane ezinganikeza umthunzi omncane wokulingana, okungenani amahora ambalwa ngosuku. Njengoba isesimweni esilinganayo sokuhlala, isivuno sizolahlekelwa kakhulu ngobuningi nekhwalithi yesitshalo. Futhi imisebe eshisayo yelanga usuku lonke ingashiya ukushiswa yilanga emaqabungeni e-mahonia.
AmaSaplings adinga inhlabathi evundile, evulekile enokuqukethwe okunothile kwe-humus. Ukuze uthole umgodi wokufika, ungasebenzisa okukodwa kokukhethwa okuningi kwenhlanganisela efanelekile yenhlabathi. Isibonelo, i-substrate enye yengxenye yomhlaba we-sod nesihlabathi kanye nezingxenye ezimbili ze-humus.
Ungatshala kanjani umlingo
Ukujula nobubanzi bomgodi wokutshala kufanele okungenani kube ngama-50 cm. Kwinhlabathi yobumba kanye nasemikhawulweni, ukujula kufanele kukhushulwe ukuze kuhlalwe ungqimba oludonsayo lwedonsa. Njengokudonswa kwamanzi, ungasebenzisa izitini noma amatshe ahlutshiwe. Emavikini amabili ngaphambi kokutshala, umgodi kumele ugcwaliswe ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi futhi ushiyelwe i-shrinkage nokuhlanganiswa.
Ibanga elifanele phakathi kwezithombo lingamamitha ayi-1.5-2. Lapho ukutshala izihlahlana uthango, imitha eyi-1 izokwanela.
Ngosuku olwandulela ukutshala, kunconywa ukuthi uhlole ngokucophelela izithombo ezithengiwe, uthele izimpande zomile noma ezilimele, unciphise amahlumela ezimpande futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ufafaza zonke izingxenye zezilayi ngokhuni oluchotshoziwe noma namalahle ocushiwe.
Izithombo ezilungiselelwe zibekwa emigodini yokutshala, kancane kancane zigcwalisa yonke indawo mahhala kuyo ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi evundile. Ingxube yomhlaba we-turf, isihlabathi kanye ne-humus akufanele imboze intambo yezimpande zesitshalo esisha. Kufanele kube malunga ne-1 centimeter ngaphezu komhlaba. Ngemuva kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ama-roller roller (ukuphakama kwawo kungamasentimitha ayi-10) ukumaka imingcele yemibuthano yesiqu. Ukunisela okuningana okuningi kwenziwa ngokushesha. Isithombo ngasinye sizodinga amabhakede amakhulu amabili amanzi. Ngemuva kokufakwa kwayo, ingaphezulu lomhlabathi emibuthanweni yesiqu limbozwe ngesendlalelo se-mulch.
Imithetho yokunakekela i-mahonia
Ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo akudingi isikhathi esiningi nomzamo. Siqukethe ukuchelela nokufafaza, ukugqoka okungaphezulu, ukugawula (ukuqala eminyakeni eyishumi), ukunakekela inhlabathi kanye nokuvikela ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni.
Ukunisela
Ukuthoba nokunisela kubaluleke kakhulu kumahonia eminyakeni yokuqala emva kokutshala. Lezi zinqubo zamanzi kufanele zenziwe kakhulu futhi njalo. Amanzi angeniswa ngaphansi kwempande emjikelezweni we-trunk aze afaka umqhele ngqo kwi-hose enomsele wokunisela ohlakazayo. Isikhathi esihle sokunisela kusihlwa ngemuva kokushona kwelanga.
Ama-shrub amadala anconyelwa ukuniselwa kuphela esikhathini eside esomile. Imvamisa yokunisela izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto. Umthamo ofanele wamanzi kwisitshalo ngasinye okungenani amalitha ayi-10. Ngokuna kwezulu njalo, ukuchelela akwenziwa. Ngosuku olulodwa emva kokuthambisa kwenhlabathi noma kokufakelwa, kunconywa ukukhululeka okuningana ngemithi.
Umanyolo kanye nomanyolo
Ama-Berry bush adinga ukugqokwa kwezimbiwa ezimbili ezengeziwe ngesizini, ezisetshenziselwa inhlabathi ekuqaleni kukaMashi naphakathi no-Meyi (ngaphambi kokuqhakaza). Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-Nitroammofosku noma i-Kemira Wagon eyinkimbinkimbi. Kumitha ngayinye yesikwele yomhlaba kuzodinga cishe amagremu ayi-100 omanyolo. Njengomanyolo we-organic, i-humus noma umquba ungasetshenziswa. Ekwindla, kufakwa ungqimba olungamasentimitha amahlanu embuthanweni osondelene wesihlahla ngasinye, futhi entwasahlobo bayigaya ngomhlabathi.
Ukufakelwa
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo nokutshala izithombo kwenziwa ngokwesikimu esifanayo. Magonia ingatshalwa kabusha entwasahlobo kanye ehlobo. Ekwindla, le nqubo ayinconywa, ngoba isiko alinaso isikhathi sokujwayela endaweni entsha futhi lingashona lapho kubanda amakhaza ebusika.
Izihlahla
UMahony ungaphansi kokuthenwa kokuhlanzeka, ukubumba kanye nokugomela ukulwa nokuguga. Ngayinye yazo inezimpawu zayo. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, yisikhathi esifanele sokuthenwa kwenhlanzeko, lapho kulinyazwa, amagatsha aqandisiwe futhi omisiwe asuswe. Kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu Ukuthena okwakhayo kuyadingeka kumasiko asemasha ukudala izitshalo ezinqabileyo nezisezingeni eliphansi. Okwakhe, isikhathi esifanele ukwindla noma ukuphela kwezimbali. Yebo, izihlahla ezindala zidambisa amagatsha angadingeki, ngaleyo ndlela zinikeze isiko amandla avuselelekile ukuze liqhubeke nokuthuthuka kwalo.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ubusika bamahlahla amancanyana kufanele kwenzeke ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela ethembekile ngesimo samagatsha e-spruce. Izitshalo zabantu abadala zidinga indawo yokukhosela enjalo kuphela uma ubusika bunzima kakhulu, kodwa ngaphandle kweqhwa. Ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa, izilimo azesabi ngisho namaqhwa anamandla kakhulu.
Ukusakazeka kwe-mahonia
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Kungenzeka ukutshala imbewu ye-mahonia emhlabathini ovulekile ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Imbewu esisanda kukhiwa itshalwe cishe ngoSepthemba ifinyelele ekujuleni kuka-1-2 cm. Ngaphambi kokutshala kwentwasahlobo, izinto zokutshala kumele zilungiselelwe. Imbewu ihlukaniswe izinyanga ezine emazingeni okushisa aphansi (ukusuka ku-0 kuya ku-5 degrees Celsius). Izithombo ezinobumnene nezentekenteke kudingeka zenziwe zivele elangeni eliqondile. Ngo-Agasti - Septhemba, izitshalo ezisencane zidotshwe kabusha bese zidluliselwa kumabhodwe ngamunye noma ezitsheni ezincane. Izithombo zifika endaweni engapheli yokulinyelwa ngonyaka. Izimbali zizofika kuphela emva kweminyaka emi-3.
Ukusakazwa ngokusika
Izimbambo kufanele zilungiselelwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokudumba kwezinso. Isibambo ngasinye kufanele sibe nezinso okungenani ezingama-5-6. I-Rooting yenzeka esitsheni samanzi emoyeni ovulekile. Isikhathi sokwakheka kohlelo lwezimpande kuma-cuttings cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Izimbambo ezinezimpande ezingaba ngu-7-8 cm ubude zingatshalwa emhlabathini, zimboze ngayinye yazo ngebhodlela lepulasitiki elisikiwe. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-10-15, izithombo kumele zijwayele kancane kancane emoyeni ovulekile, zisuse ikhava yepulasitiki amahora amaningi.
Ukusakazeka ngokuhlelwa
Izimbambo zomhlaba ezisondele kakhulu emhlabeni zithwetshulwa ziphonswe ngocingo ezitolo ezikhethekile, zifafazwe ngenhlabathi. Ukunisela njalo kuyanconywa ngenkathi yonke. Ngonyaka olandelayo, ama-cutways ahlukaniswa esihlahleni esikhulu futhi atshalwe endaweni entsha.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
I-Magonia ayihlaselwa yizinambuzane, kepha izifo zesikhunta azivamile ukwenzeka. Kunconywa ukubhekana nabo ngezindlela ezifakazelwe nezisebenzayo.
- I-Powdery hlobo - ngezinsuku eziyi-10-12 udinga ukufafaza amasiko agulayo kanye ngosuku ngezixazululo ezikhethekile - iTopsin-M, Fundazol, Karatan.
- Ukugqwala - ama-fungicides anconyelwe ukwelashwa kwezihlahlana - "Oksih", "Bayleton", "Tsineb" noma "Abiga Peak".
- I-Phyllosticosis - izimpawu zesifo - amabala amakhulu ansundu emacembe, amacembe eyehla, ukuncipha kokuhlobisa, isibalo esincane sezimbali nezithelo. Amalungiselelo wokucubungula - "Oksikhom", "Kaptan", "Phthalan".
- I-Stagonosporosis - izibonakaliso zesifo - amabala a-oval amaningi emaphethelweni wamapuleti amaqabunga, ukulahleka kokukhanga, ukukhula okumangazayo nentuthuko. Amalungiselelo wokucubungula - "Oksikhom", "Kaptan", "Phthalan".
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-mahonia
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu i-Cragled, iJapan, iLomarielniferous, i-Winter Sun, iFremonti, iBracts, iNewbert nePadubolistnaya.
I-Magonia "Padubolistnaya" yizinhlobo ezijwayelekile kakhulu futhi inezinhlobo zayo nezinhlobonhlobo.
- UGolide - i-hue ehlukile ephuzi yegolide engafani yamaqabunga.
- I-Motley - lokhu okuhlukahlukene kukuhle ngesisindo seqabunga elinemibala ehlukahlukene.
- I-Walnut - yehlukile ezinhlotsheni eziphambili ekwakhekeni nasosayizi wamaqabunga. Banesakhiwo esiminyene, kepha sincane kakhulu ngosayizi. Esihlwini ngasinye somthunzi obomvu kunamaqabunga amancane ayisikhombisa.
- Inomusa - ihlukaniswe ngamacwecwe amade amaqabunga amade, amakhulu kakhulu kunalezi zinhlobo eziphambili.
- I-Apollo iyinhlobonhlobo yama-Dutch hybrid enomqhele ohlanganisiwe we-green green hue ezinyangeni zasehlobo nombala wethusi ekwindla yokuqala. Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kwesihlahla kungamasentimitha angama-60-100. ubude bamaqabunga acishe abe ngu-30 cm, izimbali eziphuzi ezinephunga elimnandi, izithelo ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eziqhakaza aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- I-Atropurpurea iyinhlobonhlobo ekhula ngamaDashi enobukhulu obungamamitha angama-40-60. Isitshalo siqukethe amaqabunga amnyama aluhlaza anendawo ecwebezelayo, izimbali ezinephunga elimnandi nezithelo ezimnandi nezimuncu ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Izici eziwusizo ze-mahonia kanye ne-contraindication
Izithelo nezimpande ze-mahogany aqukethe inani elikhulu lama-tannins, amavithamini, ama-organic acid, i-heterotypic alkaloids. Ngokusekelwe kubo, ama-tinctures, okhiphe, ukugcotshwa kwamafutha kulungiselelwe. I-Magonia isetshenziselwa ukukhulisa ukungatheleleki, ukwenza ngcono ukuhamba kwegazi, njenge-ejenti ye-choleretic, ekwelapheni izifo zesikhumba kanye nesistimu yokugaya ukudla, ukulwa namagciwane namagciwane.
Njengazo zonke izitshalo zokwelapha, uma zisetshenziswe ngendlela engafanele, i-mahonia ayikwazi ukuzuza kuphela, kodwa futhi ingalimaza kakhulu. Ungazindli. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umuthi we-Magonia, kunconywa ukuthi ubonane nochwepheshe ozobheka izimfanelo zesiguli bese unikeza izeluleko zakhe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezinkinga zokugaya ukudla, izifo ezahlukahlukene ezingalapheki, kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe nababambekile.
