I-lupine isitshalo somndeni womndeni we-legume, kepha ngokungafani nobhontshisi embewu ye-lupins kunezinto ezinobuthi, ngakho-ke akunangqondo ukuthi igama elithi "lupine" livela kwelesiLatin elithi "lupus" - wolf, i.e. ubhontshisi wezimpisi. Ekuqaleni, i-lupine yayisetshenziswa njengokudla nokudla kwezilwane, umuthi. ILupine isasetshenziswa njengokudla kusukela lapho I-Lupine ihlinzeka ngamanani amakhulu wokuphakelwa kwamaprotheni amaningi.
Ukuphela kokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo njengokuphakelayo kungukuqukethwe kwezihlungu, okuyi-alkaloids. Le nkinga yaxazululwa ngokwakhiwa kwezinhlobo ezintsha zama-lupins aqukethe ubuncane bezinto ezinobuthi. Amafutha weLupine akhishwa ku-lupine, osetshenziswa embonini yezimonyo. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-lupine ilusizo kubantu abahlushwa izifo zezifo zenhliziyo.
Uhlobo lwe-lupins lunezinhlobo ezingama-200 futhi lukhula ikakhulukazi eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu. Yaziswa eYurophu ngekhulu lama-20. Kwezolimo, kuye kwenziwa izinhlobo ezi-3 zaminyaka yonke: ezimhlophe eziluhlaza okotshani kanye nophuzi kanye nonyaka. Enye yama-lupins okuqala umuntu aqala ukuyisebenzisa kwakuyi-lupine emhlophe, eyayisetshenziswa eGrisi yasendulo.
Abaningi bahlukanisa ama-lupins njengokhula, kepha ngenxa yemibala ehlukahlukene, lesi sitshalo singancintisana ngempumelelo nezimbali. Izimbali zingukuxubha okumi mpo nokuphakama okungaba yingxenye yemitha, kuyilapho ukuphakama okuphelele kwesitshalo kungafinyelela amamitha owodwa nesigamu. Uhlelo lwezimpande lubaluleke kakhulu, izimpande ziya ekujuleni kwemitha eyodwa. Kungakho kungathandeki ukuthutha ama-lupins, ngoba impande yonakele. Uma ukufakelwa kudingeka, khona-ke kungcono ukukwenza lokhu usemncane.
Kuyisiko ukwahlukanisa izitshalo emaqenjini alandelayo: minyaka yonke, ngonyaka, kanye nangokuphilayo. Ishicilelwe yimbewu ye-lupine futhi ngokuchazayo. Ukuze udle ifa lombala wezimbali, kungcono ukusebenzisa ukusakazwa kokutshala imifino. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-lupins ngokuvamile atshalwa ngembewu. Isitshalo siyasinda ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu.
Inhlabathi enhle kakhulu yama-lupins inobuthi obunamandla obunama-acid futhi kancane i-alkaline, kanti izitshalo azithobeki kangako enhlabathini ukuze zikhule ngisho nasesihlabathini, futhi zimelana nesomiso. Lokhu kutholakala ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-tubers ezimpandeni eziqukethe i-nitrogen.
I-Lupine iyakwazi ukuqoqa kuze kufike ku-200 kg we-nitrogen ngehektha elilodwa. Inani le-nitrogen lincike ezicini eziningi: isimo sezulu, uhlobo lomhlabathi, izindlela zokunakekelwa, uhlobo lwe-lupine uqobo. Izilima zitshalwa ikakhulu entwasahlobo. Izitshalo ezisencane zidinga ukususwa ukhula, inhlabathi kumele ikhululwe ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuze ikhulise impilo yezitshalo kubalulekile ukuyilima, ingeze inhlabathi, njengoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ingaphezulu lesihlahla seliveziwe.
Ukuze ulondoloze ukubukeka kokuhlobisa, udinga ukunquma izimbali eziphelele. Akukalulekanga ukuthi udlulise ama-inflorescence amadala, kungcono ukwenza lokhu kuphela ngabasha. Entwasahlobo, unyaka ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, ama-lupins avundiswa ngamaminerali.
Ama-lupin angakwazi ukubekezelela amaqhwa aze afike kuma-degree angama--8, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ushintsho olubi kumazinga okushisa awalulungele neze, okuvame ukwenzeka entwasahlobo nasekwindla. I-Lupine ithanda ilanga eliningi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyitshala endaweni evulekile, kepha isezindaweni. Iziqu kufanele ziboshwe ngokusekelwa uma kuvunguza imimoya enamandla ezindaweni ezingena kuyo.
I-Lupine isengozini yezifo zokukhunta: ukubola okumhlophe, ukubola okungwevu, i-powdery hlobo, i-fusarium. Isikhunta sisetshenziselwa ukulwa nezifo. Kuyadingeka ukufafaza izitshalo ngamalungiselelo ahlukahlukene okuzivikela ezinambuzaneni: ama-alfalfa aphid, izimpukane ezihluma, ama-weevils, njll. Uma kulimala isitshalo, izindawo ezithintekile zingasuswa. Njengesilinganiso esengeziwe sokuvikela isitshalo, kusetshenziswa iming.
