Ukwazi umuntu onamakhambi amaningi anambitha izinongo kwenzeka ngezikhathi zakudala. ICoriandrum sativum ingeyalesi sibalo, kepha izakhamizi zaseYurophu yanamuhla, i-Asia neMelika, ezibandakanyekile kulimo lwe-cilantro, zingasho izitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Futhi amaRussia akahlali azi ukuthi i-cilantro ne-coriander amagama ahlukile ahlobene namasiko afanayo.
Kwethulwa esithombeni yi-cilantro - utshani obunesiqu esiqondile futhi esinamagatsha anamanzi, kanye namaqabunga aphelele amathathu okugcwala basal rosette ne-cirrus dissected on the stem, okungukuthi, i-cilantro inezinhlobo ezimbili zamaqabunga: isisekelo esingezansi esinemiphetho enziwe ngesigaxa nangaphezulu, esihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezinamacala ahlukene izingxenye.
Igama, elenzelwe esigabeni samazwe aphesheya, libuyela igama lesiGrikhi koriannon noma ngokusho kweminye imithombo koros, okusho ukuthi bug, bug.
Le nguqulo inelungelo lokuba khona, ngoba imbiza ye-cilantro, esesithombeni, idume ngephunga layo eliqhakazile, elikhumbuza iphunga lalezinambuzane ezinephunga.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-decanal ne-decyl acid, enza cishe ama-80% kawoyela obalulekile, anquma iphunga elithile, avele anyamalale lapho kufika isikhathi sokuqoqa imbewu evuthiwe. Ilahlekelwa yilezi zinto ezinephunga elimnandi kanye ne-chilantro eluhlaza eyomile.
Isitshalo esisodwa namagama amabili: imifino ye-cilantro, imbewu ye-coriander
Akumangazi ukuthi ekuphekeni amahlamvu e-coriander amahlamvu, ama-cilantro, kanye nezitshalo zezitshalo asetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihluke ngokuphelele futhi akhombisa izakhiwo ezingafani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuma-cuisines kazwelonke, amaqabunga nezinhlamvu azithandwa ngokufanayo:
- Ama-greens, anephunga elibukhali eliqabulayo kanye ne-aftertaste ebabayo, muhle kuma-saladi, ezitsheni zenyama nososo. Amaqabunga amasha we-cilantro, njengasesithombeni sesitshalo, asetshenziswa kakhulu ekudleni kwabantu baseningizimu, okungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yesikhono sesitshalo sokufihla izinto ezivimba ukubola nokukhula kwamagciwane ayingozi.
- Kulezo ezibizwa nge- "coriander" imbewu ye-cilantro, iphunga limnandi ngokwengeziwe, lithambile futhi linamafutha. Ngakho-ke, asetshenziselwa ukunambitha amasoseji nezitsha zemifino, iziphuzo, amasobho nemikhiqizo yebhikawozi.
Sebenzisa futhi ukhule i-cilantro emhlabeni
Emazweni ahlukene kanye nasemakhoneni omhlaba, lesi sitshalo sibizwa hhayi kuphela i-cantantro ne-coriander, kodwa futhi i-koshnich, i-chilantro nenkukhu, i-chatra, kushtamburu, kolyandra kanye ne-hamem. Ngaphandle, izitshalo ezivela emndenini wesambulela zinezici eziningi ezivamile. Ukuthi i-cilantro ebukeka kanjani ibonakala kahle esithombeni. Ngenxa yokufana kwayo namaqabunga e-parsley, i-cilantro ibizwa ngokuthi i-parsley yase-China, i-Arabhu, i-Chinese ne-Mexico.
Ku-cuisine yase-Indonesia, i-coriander yaziwa ngokuthi i-ketumbar, kanti amaNdiya abiza izinongo ze-dhania futhi akhule i-cilantro ukwenza ingxube yezinongo ze-curry nezama-masala. E-India, i-coriander iyingxenye yokudla kwendabuko, futhi okukhulunywa ngayo kutholakala emibhalweni emidala kakhulu yesiSanskrit.
Umlando wokukhula kwe-cilantro kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo
UCilantro kukhulunywa ngaye embhalweni we-Iberian papyrus, onikezelwe encazelweni yezitshalo zemvelo zemithi kanye nobuthi futhi kusukela ngo-1550 BC. Imbewu yefosili eyenziwe nge-coriander paleobotany etholakala emathuneni asesigodini sombuso we-XXI wabaphisi baseGibhithe. Kunombono wokuthi imana elichazwe evesini 16: 31 lebhayibheli le-Ekisodo imbewu ye-coriander emhlophe.
Ngesikhathi se-Hellenic kanye nempucuko yamaRoma yasendulo, imbewu ye-cilantro ebizwa ngokuthi i-coriander, noma mhlawumbe imifino, yayisetshenziswa kabanzi njengomuthi nezinongo. UHippocrates ubhala ngesitshalo ngonyaka ka-400 BC, nangaphansi kwamanxiwa asePompeii, angcwatshwa ngaphansi komlotha ngekhulu le-1 leminyaka BC, abavubukuli bathola nembewu eyindilinga eyindilinga. Isithombe sesitshalo se-cilantro, esithombeni, encwadini ye-Dioscorides sigcinwe.
Ngamaqembu ezempi amaRoma, lesi sitshalo safika eGaul, kamuva eBrithani. Okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu kogreander kanye nabahlaseli bamakhambi abilayo kunambitheke iphalishi elisha kusuka kubhali futhi kulondolozwe nokusha kwenyama.
Eningizimu-mpumalanga yeGreat Britain usengabona i-coriander yasendle, angakuvumeli ukhohlwe ngomlando wakude wezwe.
Ungakhula kanjani i-cilantro eRussia
ECrimea, eCentral Asia kanye naseNyakatho Caucasus, ikoriyori yasendle nayo iyinkumbulo yendlela amabutho namakharavane amaSarmatians, amaGrikhi namaPheresiya, amaTurks kanye nabanye abantu esenesikhathi eside behlanganyela ekukhuleni kwe-cilantro edlula kula mazwe. Imininingwane mayelana nokutshala kwezitshalo ezitshalweni zasezingadini zaseRussia iqala emuva engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-18, futhi babiza igama elithi "Kishnets", eduze nokubizwa kwegama elithi "geshnes" kuFarsi naseTurkey "kişniş", likhuluma ngendlela yasempumalanga yesitshalo eya eRussia.
Izilimo ezinkulu zalesi siko zaqala kuphela ngekhulu le-19, lapho kubalwa uPit P.I. I-Apraxin ilethe imbewu yezinongo, kufaka phakathi i-coriander, evela eSpain.
IKinze, ngaleso sikhathi eyayibizwa ngokuthi i-kolyandra, yayithandwa kakhulu ezinhlangwini zesifundazwe saseVoronezh kangangokuba lesi sitshalo saqala ukulahla i-anise eyaziwa kakhulu.
Ungakhula kanjani i-cilantro kuma-greens kanye nembewu?
Ngempela, i-cilantro ezimweni zaseRussia yaba inkambiso enobuhlakani, engathengi futhi ebekezelela kalula iqhwa. Ukuze ukhule i-cilantro emifino kanye nasenhlanzini ephelele, kudingeka inhlabathi evundile nokukhanya okuningi, ngaphandle kwalokho iziqu zizophakanyiswa, besebenzisa amahlamvu amancane abuthakathaka kanye nama-inflorescences-baskets aqukethe izimbali ezingenalutho. Ngendlela, ukwakheka kwembewu kuthinteka kabi ekushiseni okuphezulu. Uma umoya ufudumala ngenhla kuka-35 ° C, impova ayenzeki, futhi inani lezimbali ezingenalutho lenyuka kakhulu.
Kungcono ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-cilantro, ebizwa ngokuthi i-coriander, entwasahlobo, kusukela ngoMashi kuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, lapho inhlabathi ingalahlekelwe umswakama ovela eqhweni elincibilikile. Ukuze kamuva lesi sitshalo singekho umswakama, ukutshala kuniselwa okungenani kanye ezinsukwini eziyi-8-10, lapho ngaphandle kokuthola kwezemvelo inhlabathi engaphansi kwezitshalo iba yomile. I-Coriander izwa isidingo esikhulu samanzi lapho iziqu ziqala ukukhuphuka ngaphezulu kwe-rosette yamaqabunga kanye nama-peduncle form. Ngalesi sikhathi, utshani be-cilantro buyathelwa esithombeni, futhi inhlabathi ifakwe emanzini ukuze kulondolozwe umswakama.
Uzoqoqa nini imbewu ye-cilantro ne-coriander?
Uma injongo yensimu ukuthola imifino enamakha, khona-ke udinga ukusika amahlamvu esigabeni sokukhishwa, ngaphambi kokuvela kwama-inflorescences. Okubaluleke kakhulu ngamaqabunga e-basal akhula ezihlahleni ezinde. Lapho kuvunwa i-cilantro, ukuphakama kwesiqu akudluli ku-15 - 20 cm.
Amahlamvu, akhula phezulu esiqwini, kancane kancane alahlekelwa isimo sawo esine-lobed, abe yi-cirrus, ayindilili futhi angajulile. Ngemuva kokusika imifino, i-coriander iyadliwa. Futhi-ke kusuka ngoJulayi kuya kuSepthemba, isikhathi siyeza lapho i-cilantro isivunwa kakade ngesimo sembewu.
Ukuhlwanyelwa kabusha kwe-cilantro kwenziwa kuphela ngokuncipha kokushisa kwehlobo, kusuka ngo-Agasti kuya ku-Okthoba.
Ezifundeni eziningi zomhlaba, ngokwesibonelo, eMpumalanga Ephakathi naseNyakatho ne-Afrika, emazweni ase-Asia kanye naseMedithera, eMpumalanga Yurophu, eNdiya naseRussia, ikhorori yisitshalo esihlwanyelayo, i-cilantro ikhule ngezimboni zezimboni, futhi isabelo sebhubesi lesitshalo akusona esamakhambi, kepha yimbewu ebabayo.
ICoriander nezimbangi zayo e-Asia naseMelika
Emakhulwini eminyaka we-XV-XVI, emikhunjini yabanqobi bamaPutukezi nabaseSpain, i-coriander yethulwa emazweni ezwekazini laseMelika.
Namuhla e-USA, futhi ikakhulukazi eLatin America, i-cilantro kanye nembewu yalesi sitshalo ithandwa kakhulu, njengesithako sezitsha zokudla kwasezweni lonke.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ezwekazini laseMelika, i-coriander noma i-cantantro ingabizwa ngokuthi isitshalo i-Eryngium foetidum, enambitheka ngokufana ne-cantantro futhi idabuka eMelika Ephakathi. Ungabona imbangi ye-cilantro esithombeni sesitshalo. Kusetshenziswa amaqabunga amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma i-Eryngium foetidum njengokokugcotshwa ezweni elisha kanye nasemazweni ambalwa ase-Asia. I-coriander ende noma yaseMexico, etshalwa abalimi baseCosta Rica, inezokwelapha futhi ingasetshenziswa ukuvimbela ukuvuvukala nokuphumula kobuhlungu.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo nge-cilantro afaka ukuba khona kwesitshalo eVietnam naseMalaysia, okubizwa nangokuthi i-coriander. Izinongo zasendaweni zingezomndeni we-buckwheat. Le yi-Polygonum odoratum noma i-Mountaineer enephunga elimnandi. I-Vietnamese coriander ikhula kanye nelayisi kanye nezinye izilimo zendabuko. I-Mountaineer inesifiso esiqhubekayo kubavakashi abangakaze bahlangane nesinongo esingaziwa. Lesi sitshalo sisetshenziselwa ukwenza isobho likazwelonke laseNorth Vietnamese nezitsha ze-noodle.
