Umndeni omkhulu weKonstentsov ufaka izinhlobo eziningi zeferns enegama elivamile - ama-aspleniums. Ukukhula endaweni eshisayo futhi esimweni sezulu esifudumele saseYurophu naseAsia, lezi zitshalo zingaphila impilo yasemhlabeni neyamadwala. Phakathi kwama-aspleniums nama-epiphytes.
Njengezitshalo ezingamahlamvu okuhlobisa zasendlini, hhayi ezinkulu kunazo zonke, kodwa kukhula ama-aspleniums akhanga kakhulu futhi angajwayelekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukukhula okuhle kwe-fern nobuhle bayo kuncike ngqo ekunakekelweni nasezimeni lapho izitshalo zitholakala kuzo.
Ngokwemvelo, ama-ferns akhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni eziqinisekisiwe ukuvikeleka elangeni, kukhona i-substrate encane nomswakama omncane. Kungabonakala ukuthi ngezidingo ezinesizotha ezinjalo ezimeni zefulethi, lezi zitshalo kumele zikhululeke ngokuphelele. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi abatshali bezimbali babhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu eziningi.
E-aspleniums, amaqabunga aphuzi futhi afe, ama-fern ayeka ukukhula noma amabala ansundu avele kuma-franc awo. Yisiphi isizathu sokwehla kwembali, nokuthi ungayelapha kanjani i-asplenium?
Iningi lezifo ze-ferns lihambisana nokuphulwa kwezimo zabo zokuboshwa noma ukunakekelwa okungahleliwe.
I-Asplenium yayeka ukukhula: izimbangela nezixazululo
Ngakho-ke uzithokozisa kanjani izitshalo? Ngokuvamile kumawindows ungathola izinhlobo eziningana ze-asplenium. Phakathi kwamafomu amakhulu ama-rosette anamahlamvu aqinile noma ahlakazekile kancane yile:
- i-asplenium nidus, etholakala endle endaweni eshisayo yomhlaba;
- i-asplenium yasendulo, nayo ehlala ngaphansi kophahla lwehlathi eliminyene eliminyene ezindaweni ezishisayo;
- I-Asplenium skolopendrovy, okuwuhlobo lwamahlathi aseYurophu naseMelika.
Ama-Ferns avela kulo mndeni onama-cirrus kanye namahlamvu acishe abe yi-clique:
- i-assenium enesihluku;
- Asplenia viviparous.
Abathandi bezimbali zasendlini nabo bakhula ezinye izinhlobo zamafern, kepha zonke zithinta kakhulu izimo zokukhanya, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama. Lapho unakekela i-asplenium, esithombeni, naka ukuthi izitshalo zithanda umthunzi futhi azibekezeleli ukukhanya okugqamile kakhulu. Ukusabela kokuqala kwe-fern elangeni ngokweqile ukufiphaza amaqabunga, bese isitshalo sisabela emiphumeleni engathandeki yokukhanya kwelanga enamabala ansundu kuma-vayas, ukubuna kwawo kancane kancane futhi kubune.
Ukoma komoya, okuphawuleka kakhulu ebusika, lapho amakamelo efudumele, kanye nezinsuku ezishisayo zasehlobo, uzwela ngokulinganayo kuma-aspleniums. Umoya owomile ubangela ukuba i-asplenium iyeke ukukhula, amaqabunga ayo amadala aqala ukoma, futhi okusha akuveli nakancane.
Uma umtshali ebhekene nalesi simo, kubalulekile ukuthatha zonke izindlela zokuthoba umoya.
Futhi nakhu usizo oluhle ekunakekelweni kwe-asplenium kuzoba:
- ukunisela kwengxenye engenhla ye-fern ngamanzi afudumele;
- ukusetshenziswa kwesihlanzisi sendlu;
- ukufakwa ebhodweni nge-asplenium kutreyi enogqinsi oswakanyiswe noma ubumba oluncane olwandisiwe.
Lapho amathiphu amaqabunga e-asplenium eqala ukoma, ukwelashwa kuqukethe ukwandisa umswakama womoya kuye kuma-60-65% kanye nokulungisa umbuso wokunisela. Ngokushesha uzokwazi ukuthi ukukhula kwe-fern kuqale kabusha, futhi i-necrosis ayithinti izicubu ezintsha ze-waya.
Ekamelweni elinomswakama ophansi, lesi sitshalo sizoba ntofontofo kuphela uma izinga lokushisa lingakhuphuki ngaphezu kwama-22 ° C.
Ehlobo, kuma-ferns abekezelela umthunzi, udinga ukukhetha indawo lapho isilinganiso samazinga okushisa nsuku zonke sasiphakathi kuka-18-21 ° C, ebusika umoya ungabanda kakhulu ngo-3-5 degrees.
Ngasikhathi sinye, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, i-fern akufanele ivunyelwe ukuba kumakhaza. Ngamaqabunga asezindaweni ezishisayo nase-cirrus, izinga lokushisa elibucayi lingu-10-12 ° C. Ukungena opopayi abamisiwe, i-asplenium iyayeka ukukhula, isizathu lapha ukuthi emoyeni obandayo izimpande zesitshalo ziyeka ukuthola umswakama. Futhi ngokuchayeka isikhathi eside kumhlabathi obandayo, omanzi, ukubola kwesihlahla fern ngokunqobeka akunakuphela. Ukufafaza amahlamvu emazingeni okushisa aphansi nakho akusizi.
Amaphutha ekunakekelweni, ukuchelela nokunikeza i-asplenium
Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokulondolozela izinga lokushisa lomoya elinethezekile kanye nomswakama walo, i-fern idinga ukuthambisa ngokwejwayelekile, kodwa hhayi ngokweqile.
Umoya omile, ukwephulwa kombuso wokushisa nokunisela okungafundile akuzona ukuphela kwezizathu ezenza ukuba amaqabunga ku-asplenium aphenduke aphuzi noma abe nsundu.
Imvamisa amabala kuma-fern fronds awuphawu lokusetshenziswa okungafanele kokugqoka okungaphezulu, kanye nokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane ezidala ukuba buthaka, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukufa kwe-fern.
Isendlalelo esingaphansi komhlaba akufanele sivunyelwe ukuthi some, kepha umswakama omningi wenhlabathi awubi yingozi kangako. Ukunisela kuhlangene nokugqoka okuphezulu, okuthi ehlobo kwenziwe ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-14.
Ukushiya i-fern ngaphandle kokunisela, umtshalimali ubeka engcupheni yokuthi, ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama, amaqabunga e-asplenium aphenduka aphuzi futhi afe. Kulokhu, unganqikazi, ngoba ngisho nokulahleka okuphelele kwengxenye yendiza, i-rhizome esebenzayo isekhona. Uma kuthathwa izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi zokuvuselela i-asplenium, i-fern isengagcinwa.
Ukusuka endaweni yokuphuma, wonke amaqabunga aphuzi noma omisiwe ayasuswa, i-rhizome idluliselwa enhlabathini entsha bese beqala ngokungenisa amanzi ngobumnene befafaza i-fern. Iziqu zokulala ezisindayo zamaqabunga zivuka phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-10-15, njengoba kufakazelwa ukubonakala kokuqala onsundu, bese kuthi kube nokuqhakaza okuluhlaza okuphakathi nendawo ethengiswayo.
Njenge-substrate ye-asplenium, ungathatha:
- inhlabathi elungele ama-ferns, ngemuva kokungeza i-vermiculite encane namalahle omhlabathi kuyo,
- inhlabathi yama-orchid nama-epiphytes axutshwe nenhlabathi encane enempilo ne-vermiculite;
- ingxube eyenziwe ekhaya ye-peat, inhlabathi yamaqabunga kanye ne-humus ngokufakwa kwezingcezu zamalahle, i-perlite ne-sphagnum echekiwe.
Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ngokucophelela izimpande ze-asplenium, futhi uma kutholakala yomile noma ibolile, qiniseka ukuyikhipha. Ama-rhizomes enempilo angama-brownish, aminyene, ambozwe esikalini. Isibonakaliso salesi sifo singathathwa njengokwenza mnyama kwezicubu ze-rhizome nokulimala kwaso.
Ukuze amaphuzu asikiwe angaboli, aphathwa ngesinamoni emhlabathini, enezinto ezinobuthakathaka be-bactericidal noma i-charcoal powder.
Izifo ze-Asplenium nezinambuzane esithombeni nakuzo izincazelo
UFerns akuvamile ukuba ahlaselwe noma yiziphi izifo ekhaya, kodwa ukunganaki ukunakekelwa okudingekayo kwe-asplenium eboniswe esithombeni, ungahlangabezana nokutheleleka ngegciwane kanye nokukhunta.
Izifo ezivame kakhulu ze-asplenium ziyimpande kanye nokubola, okungenzeka uma kuphulwa imithetho yokunisela, kanye nama-bacteriose amaqabunga, ngenxa yalokho abakhona balahlekelwa yi-juiciness namandla abo, bese bafa ngokushesha.
Ukwephulwa kokunakekelwa kwezitshalo kuholela, njengasesithombeni, ezifweni ezi-asplenium ezihambisana nokusakazwa kwesikhunta esiyingozi zohlobo lwePhyllosticta.
Ngaphandle, lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngesimo se-oval noma engenakubukeka, okwandisa ngokushesha amabala emapulethini amaqabunga. Okokuqala, izicubu zeshidi zithola i-tint ephuzi, bese iphenduka ibe nsundu bese iyafa, ishiye izimbobo ezikhulayo kumapuleti eshidi. Ngakho-ke lesi sifo sibukeka njenge-asplenium ebunjiwe esidlekeni, emqheleni we-cirrus wezinye izinhlobo amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi futhi afe, ngokushesha okuholela ekulahlekelweni ngokuphelele kwesitshalo. Kulokhu, lesi sifo singabonakala nge-plaque emnyama ngemuva kweqabunga elithintekile kanye nokubhujiswa okusheshayo kwezicubu ezishwabene.
Ungasusa izifo zokukhunta:
- ukusika zonke izingxenye zesitshalo;
- kaningana elapha umqhele nenhlabathi nge-fungicide.
Njenge-prophylaxis yezifo ezinjalo, wonke amaqabunga omile asuswa futhi anisela futhi anakekela i-asplenium asungulwa, njengasesithombeni.
Uma amaqabunga ephenduka, aqala emthanjeni ophakathi nendawo, futhi omile ngisho nangokunakekela kahle isitshalo, umthandi wefern kufanele acabange ngokulimaza isilwane nge-nematode eneqabunga engena esithelweni kusuka emhlabathini. Ngeshwa, i-asplenium enjalo ayikwazi ukusizwa, ngakho-ke, kungcono ukwahlukana ne-fern, bese ubamba kahle inhlabathi kanye nembiza.
Izinambuzane ezisele, esithombeni, i-asplenium, njengezifo, zinganqotshwa. Phakathi kwezinambuzane ezithinta ama-ferns kungabizwa ngokuthi izinambuzane ezikhulukazi, ama-mealybugs nama-fern aphid.
Uma lesi sitshalo sihlala sitholakala emhlabathini omanzi, ukubonakala komiyane no-amakhowe ngeke kugwenywe. Ukwelashwa kwe-asplenium kulezi zinambuzane empeleni kufaka ukwelashwa ngesibulala-zinambuzane, kuqeda imbangela eyenza sikwazi ukwenza buthaka isitshalo futhi kuqalise ukunakekelwa.
