Ukukhula kwe-lyatris kusuka embewini Ukutshala nini ama-lyatris esithombeni somhlaba ovulekileU-Liatris (lat. Liatris) umuthi ongapheli we-Asteraceae womndeni. Emvelweni yemvelo kuhlala eMexico, eNyakatho Melika, eBahamas.
Uhlelo lwezimpande luyi-corm. Isiqu sinamandla, siqondile, ukuphakama kwesitshalo kungamamitha ayi-1. Amaqabunga aqondile ngokuhambisana nezeluleko ezicijile, ahlelwe ngokuhlukile noma aqoqwe ngo-whorls.
Abantu be-lyatris banezidlaliso eziyinkimbinkimbi: inkanyezi ekhazimulayo, izimpaphe ezijabule, ulimi olubi.
Lapho Izimbali Liatris
I-lyatris yezimbali ingumbala omuhle kakhulu, owangempela futhi ogqamile. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza sisezinyangeni zehlobo. I-peduncle yinde (cishe amasentimitha angama-40), embozwe ngezimbali eziningi ezincane eziqala ukuvula kusuka phezulu, ziphenduka ikhandlela eli-fluffy. Isikimu sombala siyakhanya: amhlophe qhwa, amhlophe qhwa, apinki, abomvu, amathoni onsomi.
Ngaphezu kobuningi bemibala, ukuqhakaza kwe-lyatris kunephunga elimangalisa ngokumangazayo: i-vanilla emnandi ehlanganiswe nephunga lokusha lokufana elifana nephunga lotshani obusanda kusikwa. Kutholakala iphunga elimnandi ngenxa yokuba khona kwephunga le-coumarin yemvelo (ikhishwa ukuze kwenziwe uwoyela obalulekile).
Iphunga lembali liyakwazi ukuxosha amabhu: kwanele ukubeka igatsha elilodwa eliqhakaza enkambini ngezingubo ukukhohlwa ukuthi kukhona inkathazo. Ungasebenzisa i-inflorescence kwifomu elisha noma elomile. Izinzuzo ezingabazeki ezihlanganiswa nephunga elimnandi.
Ukukhula kwe-lyatris kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Isithombe sezinhlamvu zeLyatris
Ukuhlwanyelwa enhlabathini
Enye inzuzo yesitshalo amandla okuhlwanyela imbewu ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile, akudingeki ukhathaze ngezithombo. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa entwasahlobo (ngo-Ephreli) noma ngaphambi kobusika (ngoSepthemba). Cwilisa imbewu ngobusuku ngesixazululo se-humate. Bamba kahle indawo, faka i-humus (cishe 1 kg yomanyolo uzodingeka nge-1 m²). Sakaza imbewu ebusweni benhlabathi, ufafaze ungqimba lomhlaba ongu-1-2 cm ubukhulu phezulu (ungafafaza embhedeni bese umboza nge-peat emhlabathini). Nyakazisa umhlabathi ngokufafaza kahle (sebenzisa isifafaza noma isiqubulo esikhethekile se-hose) ukuze imbewu ingashona.
Izithombo ezikhulayo
I-Lyatris kusuka amahlumela wezithombe zembewu
Okungakhathali kakhulu kungakhulisa izithombo: Ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari-maphakathi no-Mashi, Tshala imbewu engu-2-3 esitsheni esihlukile enomhlabathi ogcwele izakhi ukuya ekujuleni kuka-0,5-1 cm bese uthambisa izitshalo kusuka ku-atomizer.
Okulandelayo, nikeza ukukhanyisa okukhanyayo nokunisela okulinganiselayo okujwayelekile. Lapho izithombo ziqina, qala ukuthukuthelisa izithombo, uziyise engadini ngesikhathi sasemini. Ngokushisa okungaguquki (ngoMeyi), izitshalo zitshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo ngokudluliselwa kwengqondo, kusale ibanga eli-15-20 cm.
Ukusakazwa kwemifino kwe-lyatris
Ukusakazeka ngezinqubo zezimpande
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-lyatris ngokuhlukanisa isithombe se-bush
Ukuzala kabusha ngezinqubo zezimpande kuyindlela elula elula. Hlukanisa ihlumela elincanyana ngokucophelela kusuka kusitshalo somama, kufanele kube nohlelo lwezimpande olwakhiwe kahle. Bumba izimbobo, ugcine ibanga elingama-30-40 cm, ukuhlinzeka indawo eyanele yokuthuthuka kwezitshalo. Umgodi ongu-1/3 kufanele ugcwaliswe ngomquba noma umquba obolile, ugcwalise isikhala sonke ngomhlaba. Isithombo sifakwa ekujuleni kuka-10-15 cm. Le nqubo yenziwa cishe isikhathi esingu-1 eminyakeni engu-3-4 ukuze kungaqedi isitshalo. Awukwazi ukwehlukanisa kungaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yesihlahla.
Ukusakazeka kweTuber
Ukukhiqizwa kwesithombe se-lyatris tubers
Ungatshala kanjani ama-lyatris kuma-tubers wasentwasahlobo
Futhi, inkanyezi ekhazimulayo isakazwa yizilimo eziyizigaxa. Hlukanisa amaqhubu angamasentimitha angaba ngu-2 cm kusuka kusitshalo esidala (okungenani iminyaka emi-3).
Ungatshala kanjani i-lyatris:
- Yenza izimbobo ezijule ngo-8-10 cm, zivundise nge-humus bese uzigcwalisa ngomhlaba.
- Kubalulekile ukutshala i-tuber ngokufanele: uyihlolisise, uthole ikhefu bese ubeka i-tuber ukuze ibheke phezulu, ngoba kusuka lapho ihlumela liqala ukukhula.
- Amahlumela azovela cishe inyanga.
Ukusakazwa kwemifino kwe-lyatris kwenziwa ngoMeyi noma Agasti.
Isiza sokufika seLiatris
Lesi sitshalo sikhula kahle endaweni yonke ekhanyiswe kahle ukukhanya kwelanga, nangombala.
Inhlabathi idinga inhlabathi evundile neyenekwe kahle. Qiniseka ukuthi ungeza i-organic top dress (humus noma umquba obolile). Emhlabathini ocebile, ukuphakama kwesitshalo kungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2. Musa ukutshala ezindaweni eziphansi nezinamanzi, lapho kuvela khona amanzi asemhlabathini (ngenhla 1 m), yenza umbhede ophakeme.
Ungatshala nini i-lyatris emhlabathini ovulekile entwasahlobo nasekwindla
Entwasahlobo batyala ekuseni ngangokunokwenzeka, lapho nje kuvela ithuba lokuya kusayithi. I-Liatris ayesabi izithwathwa zasentwasahlobo, futhi ngokushesha lapho usitshala, kungcono isihlahla sizothatha. Ungasitshala ngaphambi kokuphela kwentwasahlobo ngisho nasehlobo, kepha zama ukungabambezeli isikhathi ukuze izitshalo zingalimazi ngemuva kokufakelwa.
Ekwindla, kokwehla kukhethwa kusuka ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba. Okugxilwe yisimo sezulu: nikeza izitshalo okungenani amaviki angama-2-3 ukuthi zikhule ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izimvula ezinde noma iqhwa, ukuze izithombo zikwazi ukulungiselela ubusika obuzayo. Kwisithwathwa sokuqala, qiniseka ukuthi ufaka izikhala zesikhala, ungakhohlwa ukusika zonke amahlumela kuqala. Ubukhulu be-mulching ungqimba ngu-15-20 cm.
Ukutshala i-lyatris kuma-tubers entwasahlobo
Ngabe i-lyatris kufanele itshalwe ekujuleni kwaliphi?
- Izilimo eziyizigaxa ngemuva kokuthengwa noma ukuhlukaniswa kutyalwe ku-5-10 cm, kubhekwa ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo 15 cm cm.
- Qiniseka ukuthi unisela futhi mulch indilinga isiqu.
- Ungafafaza i-humus encane emigodini noma emigqeni ukuze unikeze izitshalo ngezinto ezisebenzayo izinkathi ezimbalwa zonyaka futhi ungakhathazeki ngokugqoka okuphezulu.
Ungatshala kanjani nezilimo eziyizigaxa ze-lyatris, bheka ividiyo:
Ukunakekelwa Kwangaphandle kwe-Liatris
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Isitshalo sizobekezelela isomiso sesikhashana esifushane kunokugcwala kwamanzi kwenhlabathi. Umswakama owedlulele uholela ekuwohlokeni kohlelo lwezimpande, ngakho-ke kufanele unakekele ukukhishwa okuhle ukuze i-rhizome ingabi manzi ngesikhathi semvula ende. Amanzi njengoba ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlabathi womile, kungcono ukunisela kaningi, kepha wenze amanzi ngezingxenye ezincane. Inani lamanzi lincike osayizi besihlahla, ngesomiso esinzima senza cishe amalitha ayishumi amanzi esitshalo ngasinye.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, kwanele ukondla kathathu: ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Sebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali izitshalo eziqhakazayo, yenza ngokwemiyalo. Uma amapuleti amaqabunga eqala ukubuna, ngaphezu kwalokho ondle ngomanyolo we-nitrogen (cishe i-1 g yomanyolo uzodingeka nge-1 m²).
I-Hilling ne-mulching
Uhlelo lwezimpande lusondele ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi, ngakho-ke dlulisa isitshalo kwesinye isikhathi ukuze izimpande zingadalulwa. Ungagxila futhi ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi ezungeze izimpande nge-peat.
Susa ngesandla ukhula.
Garter kanye Trim
Amabhishi amade angadinga ukwesekelwa ukuze angawi ngaphansi kwesisindo sama-inflorescences amahle we-fluffy. Beka izikhonkwane eduze kwezitshalo, udonse ucingo noma intambo phakathi kwazo.
Ukuze ulondoloze ukubukeka kokuhlobisa, ama-inflorescence omisiwe kufanele asikwe.
Ividiyo elusizo mayelana nokukhula kwe-lyatris:
Ubusika be-lyatris esifundeni saseMoscow kanye nomgwaqo ophakathi nendawo
Ngabe ngidinga ukugaya i-lyatris ebusika? Cha, kepha isitshalo kufanele silungiselelwe ubusika. Sika amahlumela ngaphansi kwempande. Ubunzima be-lyatris ebusika buphakeme, ngakho-ke ukudala indawo yokuhlala eyinkimbinkimbi akudingekile. Kwanele ukufafaza ngamahlamvu owomile noma i-humus, ukushuba kongqimba lwe-10-15 cm kuzokwanela.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Lesi sitshalo simelana nezifo nezinambuzane.
Ukusuka kokubopha amanzi kwenhlabathi, ukubola kohlelo lwezimpande kungenzeka. Uzodinga ukususa izindawo ezithintekile bese wenza ukwelashwa nge-fungicide. Bese ulungisa imodi yokunisela.
Izinambuzane: Amabhere kanye neminenke, slugs. Ukulwa nabo, kusetshenziswa izicupho ezikhethekile. Indlela elandelayo yokudoba ibonakale ilungile impela: gcwalisa ibhodlela lepulasitiki ngesigamu ngobhiya, ulingcwabe enhlabathini nge-angle engu-45 °, intamo kufanele ibe ngu-2-3 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi. Iphunga lesiphuzo lizoheha izinambuzane, liguqule uketshezi nsuku zonke ngendlela, luqede izinambuzane ezifike lapho. Futhi esihlahleni ungabeka ugwadule oluvundayo lapho ama-gastropods akhasa ngokuzithandela. Ungazishiyi izinhlanga ubusuku bonke, ngoba lokhu kungadala ukubola kwezimpande.
U-Liatris wezimbali zezimbali ezikwibala yezimbali
I-Liatris embhedeni wezimbali nezinye isithombe sezimbali nge-rudbeckia ne-echinacea
U-Liatris ubukeka ngokuvumelanayo emifashini yezitayela zemvelo, unika isiza umbala. Ngale njongo, hlanganisa nama-poppies, ama-daisies, ama-cornflowers, i-rudbeckia, i-echinacea, i-asters.
I-Lemonium, iLiatris ne-Echinacea isithombe sezimbali
Isikhumba esijabulisayo sisetshenziswa njengothango, sitshale ezicijile futhi simboze izakhiwo ezingezinhle, esakhiwe ngemibhede yezimbali.
I-Liatris nesithombe esimhlophe samakhamera
Ozakwethu bakhethwa ngokuya ngokukhula, umbala kanye nesikhathi sokuqhakaza.
Ngakho-ke, i-lyatris emhlophe nebubende ihlangana ngokuvumelanayo ne-primrose ephuzi kusihlwa noma i-terry daylilies yamathoni abomvu-orange.
Isithombe se-Liatris sezimbali eziqhakazelwe nge-bromeliad ne-daylilies
Ama-lyatris amhlophe emibhedeni yezimbali exubile ahlanganiswe ne-cherry yarrow, obomvu noma i-lilac monarda.
I-Liatris ne-echinacea ebomvu ye-Liatris aspera nesithombe se-Echinacea 'Tomato Soup'
Izinhlobo ezikhula kancane (cishe ezingamasentimitha angama-40 ukuphakama) zibukeka zizinhle ezindaweni zokulwa ezinkulu phakathi kwamatshe amakhulu. Zizoba futhi nesizinda esihle kakhulu semfashini eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okunye okusanhlamvu, ukutshala kuzohlanganiswa futhi kuhlanganiswe nezinsimbi zeCarpathian.
Liatris in yezimbali
Ama-inflorescence ama-lyatris asetshenziselwa ukudala izingcezu zezimbali ezibukhoma nezomile.
Nge-vase, zihlala zintsha cishe amaviki ama-2 ngemuva kokusikwa.
Ukugwema ukuhlwanyelwa okungafuneki, ukhipha izimbali kunganqunywa ekugcineni kwezimbali. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imbewu izonyuka ihlukane, bese kuvela izithombo ezindaweni ezingalindeleki kakhulu futhi ezingathandeki.
Udinga ukomisa ama-inflorescence kahle. Akumele zibekwe endaweni evundlile (phansi, etafuleni), kepha zihlanganiswe kube yinqwaba futhi zilengelwe phansi endaweni eyomile, ebunjiwe enomoya omuhle.
Izici eziwusizo zesitshalo
ILyatris akuyona nje kuphela yezimbali, kodwa futhi isitshalo esisebenzayo. Zonke izingxenye zesitshalo (izimpande, izimbali, amaqabunga) zingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha. Umhluzi uthathwa ukunikeza imiphumela ye-astringent, diuretic kanye ne-antibacterial. Isiraphu eyenziwe nge-lyatris iyanconywa ukuthi isetshenziswe ezifweni zezinso. Amabhati ka-Liatris anomphumela we-tonic ne-antiseptic, anciphise ukulunywa. Ama-Lotions enzelwa ukuphulukisa amanxeba. Hlanganisa ukumnika kwezifo zepheshana lokuphefumula elingaphezulu.
Futhi, i-lyatris isetshenziswa kumakha amakha.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-lyatris ezinesithombe negama
I-Liatris spikelet noma i-spikelet Liatris spicata
I-Liatris spikelet noma isithombe se-spikelet Liatris spicata
Iziqu ezinamaqabunga aminyene zifinyelela ubude obungu-0.9 cm, ubude be-peduncle buyi-20-30 cm. Izimbali zenzeka ngoJuni-Julayi. Ama-inflorescence aphathekayo angaba nemhlophe, i-violet, i-lilac, nsomi, i-pink shades.
Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zezinhlobo:
Isithombe seLiatris spikelet Floritsan Weiss Liatris spicata 'Floristan Weiß'
UFloristan Weis (weFloristan Weiß) - unama-inflorescence amhlophe qhwa, aqhakaza kusukela maphakathi noJuni futhi athokozise izinyanga eziyi-1.5. Ngokwengxenye akubekezeleli ukugcotshwa kwamanzi.
I-Liatris spiky yeFlorida uViolet Liatris spicata 'isithombe seFloristan Violett' isithombe
IFloristan Violett isitshalo ende, efinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-0.8. I-fluores eyindilinga ine-hue onsomi. Khula kuphela ezindaweni ezikhanyiswe ukukhanya kwelanga.
U-Liatris spikelet Kobold Liatris spicata Kobold isithombe
I-Kobold (Kobold) - ukuphakama kwesitshalo kukhawulelwe kumasentimitha angama-40. Kuyaphawuleka isikhathi eside sezimbali: Julayi-Septhemba. I-inflorescence eminyene enjenge-spike iqukethe izimbali eziningi ze-lilac-pink hue. Izindawo ezikhethekile ezinelanga nenhlabathi enomswakama ngokulinganayo iyathandwa.
I-Liatris spikelet Flamingo Liatris spicata Flamingo isithombe
I-Flamingo (Flamingo) - izinhlobonhlobo zezimbali ezi-pink. Izimbali ziqala maphakathi noJuni.
Isithombe seLiatris sparkler
I-Bengal Fire - izimbali ezibomvu onsomi ziqoqana kuma-inflorescence cishe angama-35 cm.
I-Liatris Blue bird Liatris spicata Blue bird isithombe
I-Blue bird (Blue bird) - inokuqhakaza okuhle ngamathoni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isikhathi sezimbali siqala ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi kuya maphakathi no-Agasti.
ISpicata isitshalo esingamamitha ayihafu ubude ngamanani ama-inflorescence e-lilac-violet, isiqu sezimbali singobude obuyi-35 cm. Siqhakaza ngoJuni, isikhathi sezimbali sihlala izinyanga ezi-1-1,5.
IPicador (Pikador) - ukuphakama kwesitshalo kungamamitha ayi-0.6. Ama-hue we-inflorescence apinki.
I-Burning Star yi-lyatris engama-65 cm ukuphakama, umbala onsomi. Amalangabi we-inflorescences aqhakaza kusuka maphakathi noJulayi kuya ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti.
I-Liatris membranous Liatris scariosa
Isithombe se-Liatris membranous Liatris scariosa isithombe
Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kungamamitha angama-0.7-0.9. Phansi kwesiqu kukhona amaqabunga abanzi. I-inflorescence iqukethe izingcezwana ngazinye, ezifanayo namakhompiyutha. Isikimu sombala ngemibala ebomvana nebhulowu.
Izinhlobo:
I-Liatris membranous Alba Liatris scariosa 'Alba' isithombe
I-Alba - ine-inflorescence emhlophe qhwa;
I-Liatris scariosis september inkazimulo I-Liatris scariosa 'Septhemba Inkazimulo'
Inkazimulo kaSeptemba - izinhlobonhlobo ezinde, izimbali ze-pink hue ekhanyayo, ama-blooms kaSeptemba.
I-Liatris grungy Liatris aspera
Izimbali zezimbali ze-Liatris grungy Liatris aspera
Uhlobo olude kunazo zonke, ubude besiqu esinamandla aqondile angama-1-2 m. I-inflorescence ivele, iqukethe izimbali ezincane ze-lavender noma i-purple hue.
Izinhlobo ze-White Spear zibonakala ngama-inflorescence amhlophe qhwa.
