I-orchid ye-regal idinga ukunakwa kwasebukhosini ngempela, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi ungayenzi ngokweqile ekunakekeleni isitshalo. Izinhlobo zokuqala, ezathunyelwa eYurophu zivela emakhoneni akude aseMelika nase-Asia, zafa kakhulu, futhi isizathu salokhu kwakuwumhlabathi okhethwe ngokungafanele wama-orchid. Izama ukujabulisa ubuhle bethenda, abalimi batshala izitshalo endaweni enhle kakhulu enothile ngo-humus, kodwa izimpande ezinamandla azizange zikhule, kodwa zafa.
Bakwazi ukwengeza ama-orchid kuphela ngokufunda ngemikhuba yabo kanye nezinto abazithandayo ezakhiwa izimo zokuphila zemvelo. Iningi labameleli bomndeni wama-orchid ama-epiphytes, ahlala kahle emhlabathini ovundile, kodwa ezimpandeni, iziqu kanye namagatsha ezihlahla. Konke ukudla okudingakalayo kwesitshalo kutholakala hhayi emhlabathini, kepha kusuka emkhathini, okuchaza ukuba khona kohlelo lwezimpande oluthuthukisiwe.
I-substrate yama-orchid asezindaweni ezishisayo ayadingeka ngezinga elikhulu ukuze imbali ilungiswe futhi ibanjelwe endaweni ethile. Lapho ukhetha izakhi, alinaki impahla enempilo, kepha ukuthi umhlabathi ulungiswa kanjani futhi utholakala kanjani emoyeni nasemswakama.
Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi yama-orchid ngokuvamile kubandakanya izakhi eziningana, futhi kaningi zisebenzisa izithako ezingezona zemvelo kuphela, kodwa zemvelo ezenziwe ngumuntu. Kubalulekile ukuthi i-substrate ekhethiwe yama-orchid angazenzi izimo zokuwohloka kwezimpande, inikeze ukufinyelela kubo komoya, kanye nezinhlobo ezithile nokukhanya.
Isimo sokugcina sisebenza ezitshalweni ezinezimpande zazo ezibandakanyekile kwinqubo ye-photosynthesis. Isibonelo i-phalaenopsis orchid, ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi, lapho inhlabathi ixubene khona ngamatshe egodo, amatshe amancanyana noma ubumba olwandisiwe, imilo, amacembe awile nezingcezu zamalahle e-birch.
I-Orchid Bark
Isakhi esiyinhloko sezakhi zama-orchid ezenziwe ngomumo ezenziwe ekhaya yigxolo lesihlahla. Izinto zingathengwa ezitolo zezimbali noma uziqambe amanga. Izimbali zezimbali zaseRussia zithanda ukugquma kukaphayini, kepha uma ungakwazi ukukuthola eduzane, noma yiziphi izingqimba ze-oki, i-oak, i-beech nezinye izihlahla zizokwenza.
Amagxolo e-Orchid aqoqwa kusuka izingodo ze-sawn noma izinkuni ezifile. Kulokhu, yena:
- lags kalula futhi lingaqhutshwa;
- ine-acidity engaphansi kokutsha;
- ayiqukethe izinto eziningi zestry njengezihlahla eziphilayo.
Lapho uqoqa unake ikhwalithi yokuqukethwe. Kungcono ukuthatha izingcezu eziqinile zamagxolo ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokubola noma zokulimala kwezinambuzane. Ngokwakheka kwe-substrate yama-orchid, amagxolo abhekana nengcindezi enkulu ngenxa yomswakama kanye nohlelo lwezimpande olwandayo. Ekuqaleni ebolile, izingcezu ezindala zizowa ngokushesha, futhi imbali kungekudala izodinga ukufakelwa.
Njenganoma iyiphi impahla yemvelo, amagxolo athwala ingozi yokubekeka endlini. Ungaqukatha izinambuzane eziyingozi, amagciwane kanye nesikhunta.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthumela ebhodweni lezimbali izingcezu eziqoqwe zamagxolo e-orchid:
- ihlanza izicubu ezithambile, ukhuni ne-resin;
- ngaphansi kokulashwa okushisa kuhhavini, umbhangqwana noma izindlela zokugaya;
- oma kahle.
I-Coniferous, futhi ikakhulukazi i-pine bark yama-orchid, yandisa ubuthakathaka benhlabathi, ngakho-ke ukuze kuhlukaniswe ngokwengqondo kubalulekile ukufaka ufulawa omncane we-dolomite kulengxubevange. Ubukhulu bezingcezu bukhethiwe ngokuya ngohlobo lwesitshalo esikhulayo. Ukuhlanzisisa ingxenyana,
- umhlabathi omdaka;
- umoya omncane ungena ekuqineni kwawo;
- umswakama ugcinwe kangcono.
Ngaphambi kokuxuba i-substrate, amagxolo agxiliswa emanzini afudumele amahora ambalwa ukuze agcwale umswakama, futhi isitshalo masinyane singena endaweni ekhulayo enobungani.
Sphagnum moss wama-orchid
I-Sphagnum moss ejwayelekile eRussia nakwamanye amazwe iyaziswa ngabatshali bezimbali ngekhono labo loku:
- nikeza inhlaka yenhlabathi;
- gcina amanzi ngaphandle kokuhlanganisa inhlabathi yama-orchid;
- bamba usawoti owedlulelayo oyingozi ezitshalweni kusuka emanzini okunisela;
- ube nomphumela we-bactericidal.
Izitolo ezikhethekile zinikeza i-sphagnum eyenziwe yavele eyenziwe, esetshenzisiwe futhi yomisiwe yama-orchid, kodwa uma ifiswa, i-moss ingalungiswa ngokuzimela. Futhi ngemuva kokuqoqa, qiniseka ukukhipha, ukuhlunga, ukufaka amanzi abilayo, bese ucwilisa bese womile kahle. Isikhathi esihle sokubuthelela ubusika bangaphambi kobusika.
Abanye abalimi bathanda ukusebenzisa i-sphagnum ebukhoma noma amanye ama-moss, kepha lapha kufanelekile ukukhumbula ubungozi bokuhlakazeka kwezinambuzane namagciwane, okuthi ezimeni eziningi aqhubeke ezintweni ezibonakalayo.
I-Moss ifakiwe ekwakhiweni kwenhlabathi yama-orchid, futhi iyasebenza:
- njengengqimba yokulinganisa;
- njenge-substrate ezimele yezisekelo zezindodakazi ze-rooting;
- wokuhlanganisa izitshalo emabhulokini nasemabhasikini.
I-Sphagnum ibaluleke kakhulu kuma-orchid adinga ukwenziwa kabusha ngenxa yokubola noma ukomisa kohlelo lwezimpande.
Ezinye izinto ze-substrate yama-orchid
Umsizi ongabalulekile kumhlwanyeli obandakanyeka ekutshalweni kwama-orchid e-epiphytic ubumba oluncane olwandisiwe olusetshenziselwa ukukhipha amanzi. Lokhu okubunjiwe ku-hygroscopic kakhulu futhi kwakha kahle inhlabathi.
Amalahle nawo anezici ezifanayo, nazo ezinomphumela wokubulala amagciwane, umunxa. Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi yama-orchid kufaka izingcezu zamalahle ezinobukhulu okungenani amasentimitha amabili. Uma ingxenyana incane, amalahle abhujiswa masinyane, aphenduke uthuli, axazululwe ezimpandeni, aphazamisane nomsoco we-orchid, futhi axhumanise indawo engaphansi.
I-Polyfoam ne-foam akunakubizwa ngokuthi izingxenye zomdabuko wezitshalo ezitshaliwe. Noma kunjalo, sebekwazile ukufakazela ukuthi bayasiza ekukhuleni isivuno esingenamikhawulo njengama-orchid. Izingcezu zezinto zokwenziwa ku-substrate yama-orchid zizohlala isikhathi eside, aziqongeli futhi zingakhiphi izinto eziyingozi enhlabathini, zinikeze ukukhubazeka okuphezulu nokuphefumula.
Izimbiza zamahhashi zingangezwa ezimbizeni zezitshalo ezinkulu ezindala. Izinzuzo zale ngxenye zingabhekwa njengekhono lokugcina umswakama, ukuphakama okukhulu komoya nokungaqini kwezinambuzane eziyingozi kanye ne-microflora. Ukungathandeki kwezinto ezibonakalayo munye - ukwanda kwe-acidity.
Ngomsebenzi wokuvula i-substrate ye-orchid, iphumelela kahle:
- nutshell entshontshiwe neyomile;
- ukhukhamba kakhukhunathi;
- amahlamvu awile;
- i-perlite ne-vermiculite.
Izicucwana zebhodlela ezivela kumagxolo emvelo asetshenziswa njengesihlungi esingaphandle kodwa esisebenza ngokugcwele.
Lapho ukhetha ukwakheka kwenhlabathi yama-orchid, umhlwanyeli kufanele akhumbule ukuthi ukuqina kwe-substrate kuncike ekuqineni kokuqina kwezakhi kanye nasosayizi wezingcezu ezithile zamagxolo, amalahle, amagwebu we-polystyrene noma ama-pellets obumba olwandisiwe.
Uma isitshalo esihlala emhlabathini siqhamuke eqoqweni lasekhaya, khona-ke umhlabathi we-orchid ukhethiwe onempilo futhi omningi. Ungathatha inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo yama-orchid bese uyixuba nenhlabathi engadini, inani elincane le-humus, isihlabathi ne-perlite.
