Kuyini ukulima ngomanyolo?

Kuze kube manje, ibinzana elithi "ukulima i-organic" aligcini nje ngokuzwa, kepha liyimbangela yezingxoxo eziningi. Omunye uthi le ndlela yiyona kuphela eyiqiniso yokulima, umuntu uthathwa njengeyilungile kuphela. Ake sibheke ukuthi iyiphi ipulazi e-organic, noma yemvelo, noma enobungani bemvelo (la magama angamagama afanayo) nokuthi yiziphi izimiso zawo ezisekelwe kuzo.

Igama elithi "ukulima i-Organic" linezimpawu ezifanayo: ukulima kwemvelo, ukulima kwezinto eziphilayo. Ukulima okuphathelene nezinto eziphilayo, noma okwezemvelo, kwenzelwe ikakhulu ukugcina impilo yezemvelo, inhlabathi, izitshalo, izilwane nabantu.

Kancanyana kusuka emlandweni wekulima okwenziwa ngemvelo

Umbono wokulima wemvelo awumusha njengoba ubukeka. Owokuqala waphakanyiswa futhi wavivinywa usosayensi wezolimo ososayensi u-I. E. Ovsinsky. Njengomphumela weminyaka eyi-10 yokusebenza, ngonyaka we-1899, wabhala incwadi enesihloko esithi "The New System of Agriculture", lapho embule khona imigomo nobufakazi bokuthi indlela emnene emhlabathini ayinasisekelo sokwenza izinto zemvelo, ayisebenzi kakhulu futhi ekugcineni ikhiqiza kakhulu kunohlelo olukhulu lokulima.

Ukufundwa kwezolimo kwemvelo akuphelanga lapho. Ukungasho ukuthi bekuthandwa kuyo yonke le minyaka, wayehlala enabaxhasi kanye nezitha, kepha ucwaningo lwaluqhubeka, waphinda futhi waveza ukuthi isimo sengqondo sokucophelela enhlabathini sinikeza imiphumela ebaluleke ngempela. Ngenxa yalokhu, namuhla incazelo yokulima i-organic ingavezwa kulokhu okulandelayo:

• ukongiwa nokusekelwa kokuzala kwenhlabathi yemvelo,
• ukulondolozwa kwemvelo
• Ukuthola imikhiqizo enobungani bemvelo,
• Ukutshala izindleko eziphansi kakhulu kwezitshalo.

Izindlela eziphambili zokulima i-organic

Ngokusekelwe kokungenhla, imigomo yokulima yemvelo icacile:

• ukwenqatshwa kokulimaza okujulile,
• ukwenqatshwa komanyolo wamaminerali,
• ukwenqaba ukusebenzisa i-pesticides,
• ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwama-microorganisms kanye nezibungu.

Ukwenqatshwa ekuhlolweni okujulile

Ukwenqaba kusuka ekulimeni ngokujulile kusekelwe olwazini lokuthi inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo lihlala engqimbeni yalo ephezulu, omsebenzi wayo obalulekile ungagcini ekwakhiweni kwe-humus, kodwa futhi nasekuthuthukisweni kwesakhiwo saso. Ukumba nokumba okujulile kwephula izimo zabo zokuphila, ngenxa yalokho ukwakheka kwezinto eziphilayo zesakhiwo esiguqukayo kuguquka, futhi ngalo amandla okugcina imvelo yomhlabathi, ingozi yokushiswa yisimo sezulu kanye nokuvuvukala kwezinto ezibalulekile zezitshalo kuyanda. Umthelela omubi wale ndlela yezolimo awubonakali masinyane, kepha ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana, ngenxa yalokho kunesidingo sokusetshenziswa kukamanyolo wamaminerali namanye amakhemikhali ukugcina isivuno ngezinga elifanele.

Ngokuhambisana nokulima kwemvelo, inhlabathi ayidingi ukuthi ibunjiwe, kepha uma kunesidingo, idedelwa ekujuleni okungabi ngaphezu kuka-5 - 7 cm (ngokuqondile 2,5 cm).

Ukwenqaba kukamanyolo wezimbiwa

Ukwenqatshwa kukamanyolo wezimbiwa kususelwa olwazini lokuthi cishe yonke i-tuki (izinto ezixutshwe enhlabathini ukuze kubuyiswe izakhamzimba ezingekho kuwo) zibe nomphumela ofihliwe. Ngaphansi kwethonya lazo, i-acidity iyaguquka kancane enhlabathini, umjikelezo wezinto uyaphazamiseka, inhlanganisela yezinhlobo zezinto zomhlaba iyashintsha, nesakhiwo senhlabathi siyachithwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umanyolo othile wamaminerali unomthelela ongemuhle endaweni ezungezile (umoya, amanzi), ezitshalweni uqobo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo nempilo yabantu.

Ekulima i-organic, esikhundleni se-tuks, kusetshenziswa ukusetshenziswa kwe-siderates, mulching, compomp nezinye izinto eziphilayo.

Ukwehluleka ukusebenzisa isibulala-zinambuzane

Ukwenqaba ukusebenzisa isibulala-zinambuzane kulula ukuchaza: azikho i-herbicides, insecticides, fungicides ezingekho ubuthi. Zonke ziyingxenye yeqembu lezinto ezinobuthi kumuntu (ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kunemithetho eqinile yokusebenza ngokubulala izinambuzane) futhi zivame ukuqwabelana enhlabathini ngesimo semikhiqizo esele. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi iphesenti lokulahleka kwezitshalo okuvela ekusetshenzisweni kwenombolo yokubulala ukhula kwesitshalo esiyinhloko ezitshalweni ezilandelayo ekushintsheni kwezilimo kungaba phezulu kuma-25%.

Ukulima okuhambisana nemvelo ekulweni nezifo kanye nezinambuzane kuncoma ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuthibela, kepha uma leyo nkinga ingavikeleki - amakhambi abantu noma imikhiqizo yegciwane.

Iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni ama-microorganisms kanye nezibungu

Ukubamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwama-microorganisms kanye nezibungu ekulimeni kwezinto eziphilayo kusekelwe ekutheni abahlali bomhlabathi abahlanganyeli abaqondile ekwakhiweni kwabo. Ngenxa yezinhlayiya ezinkulu zenhlabathi kanye nezakhamizi ezikhudlwana (izibungu, amabhungane, izicabucabu), ukumiswa kwezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo, ukuguqulwa kwezakhi ezibalulekile, ukulwa namagciwane we-pathogenic, izinambuzane zezinambuzane, ukuphuculwa kwesakhiwo somhlabathi nokunye okuningi, okwenzeka ngenxa yalokho kube yimpilo, okwenzekayo. Inhlabathi enempilo iyisisekelo sokukhula kwezitshalo ezinempilo, ezikwazi ukubekezelela ukubonakaliswa kwesimo sezulu esibi, nezifo, nezinambuzane.

Ukuze usebenzise lo mgomo, ezolimo zemvelo zincoma ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphilayo, amalungiselelo e-EM kanye nokwenqatshwa kokumba okujulile ukukhulisa ukuzala komhlaba.