UJoshta uyi-gooseberry kanye ne-blackcurrant hybrid efuthwe ngumfuyi waseJalimane wase-amateur ngeminyaka yama-80s yamuva. Uma i-yoshta ikhula engadini, ukutshala nokunakekela, ukukhiqiza kabusha nokutshala akulethi ubunzima kumnikazi walesi sitshalo esimangalisayo.
Lesi isihlahla sobucwebe obusebenza njalo sifinyelela kumitha elilodwa nesigamu ukuphakama kanye nobubanzi bomqhele obungamamitha amabili. It got igama layo kusuka amagama amabili lolimi isiJalimane: UJohannisbeere futhi Stachelbeere, okusho ngokuhunyushwa kusho currants kanye gooseberries.
Incazelo
Ukusuka ku-currant yoshta kuthola amaqabunga aluhlaza avulekile abambelela esihlahleni kuze kube yilapho kuneqhwa. Kusuka kuma-gooseberries athola ifreyimu nosayizi wamajikijolo, akhula ngesimo samaqoqo aphakathi nendawo. Kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-5 amajikijolo atholakala kubhulashi ngalinye.
Amajikijolo makhulu, onsomi omnyama, acishe abe mnyama, omuncu ngokunambitheka, abe nephunga lawo womabili ama-currants nama-gooseberries. Ukusuka esihlahleni esisodwa ungafinyelela kuma-5 kg amajikijolo. Amajikijolo avuthwa ngokungalingani, ngakho-ke isivuno singavunwa kusuka kuJulayi kuze kube yiqhwa.
Ekuqaleni kokuvuthwa, amajikijolo alukhuni futhi aqwebile, lapho esevuthiwe ngokuphelele, aba namanzi ane-ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu nephunga le-nutmeg. Kumbozwe isikhumba esiminyene kakhulu. Amajikijolo awakhuli, anamathele ngokuqinile emithini.
Isihlahla siqukethe amahlumela amakhulu amakhulu ayi-15- 20 weminyaka ehlukene. Ukujula kwezimpande kuze kufike ku-40 cm. Entwasahlobo, lesi sitshalo simbozwe ngezimbali ezinhle ezikhanyayo. Iqhakaza ngoMeyi, kwesinye isikhathi futhi ngoSepthemba.
Ngokungafani nama-gooseberries, ayinameva; asikho iphunga elinamandla lesici se-currants. Ukukhula nokunakekela i-yoshta akunzima ngenxa yokungazethembi kwesitshalo. Ukumelana namazinga okushisa abandayo nezinambuzane. Izithelo ziqala ngonyaka wesibili ngemuva kokutshala. Isivuno esiphezulu sitholakala iminyaka emi-3-4.
Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu ze-yoshta: iTriton, i-Ojebin, iRudkis, iTitania, iBlackgiters emnyama, ezinhlobonhlobo zaseRussia - i-Zvyagintseva hybrid.
Inezinto zokwelapha. Isetshenziselwa izifo zepheshana lesisu, ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwegazi, ukukhishwa kwezinto ezinemisebe nezinsimbi ezisindayo. Amajikijolo acebile ngamavithamini C, P, anthocyanins. Vitamin C uphansi kancane kunama-currants.
Ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane, kuyabekezelela ukungabikho kokukhanya kwelanga, yize ikhula futhi ithela izithelo kangcono ezindaweni ezinelanga.
Ukuzala kwe-Yoshta
Ngemuva kokutshala, ukuzalanisa nokunakekela i-yoshta kudinga ukwenziwa njalo nokunemba, yize kudingeka umzamo omningi. I-Yoshta ingasakazwa ngazo zonke izindlela ezaziwa engadini:
- Ukusikwa kwe-Autumn. Indlela ethandwa kakhulu. Amahlumela amasha akhonkothi walo nyaka kufanele asikwe ekwindla. Sika lezi amahlumela zibe ukusika okuncane ubude obungu-15-20 cm.Edubula ngalinye elinjalo, shiya ama-4-5 efihlekile. Tshala emhlabathini, ushiye amahlumela ama-2 ngaphezulu.
- Ukusika kwehlobo. Sika amagatsha aluhlaza asikwe ukusika aze afike ku-15 cm ubude. Susa wonke amaqabunga ngaphandle kwalawa angenhla aphezulu. Kumahlumela, yenza ukubukeka kobude obude phezu kwengono ngayinye. Tshala ngaphansi kwefilimu ekhoneni elincane, ikhulule ngezikhathi ezithile namanzi.
Ukunakekela i-yoshta, ukutshala lapho kusatshalaliswa ukusikwa akudingi umzamo omkhulu, le ndlela ivamile ngisho naphakathi kwabalimi abangenalwazi. Ngakho-ke, ukusikwa kungabhekwa njengendlela ekhetheke kakhulu yokusakazeka kwalesi sitshalo. - Ngokuhlukanisa izihlahla. Kwenziwa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Kuyadingeka ukusika izimpande ezandisiwe, uhlukanise ihlathi libe izingxenye eziningana, uphathe izindawo zokusika ngezinhlobo zensimu futhi utshale ingxenye ngayinye yesihlahla endaweni entsha.
- Imbewu. Le ndlela ayisetshenziswa kakhulu, imvamisa uma ufuna ukuthola izinhlobo ezintsha ze-yoshta. Imbewu ixubene nesihlabathi esimanzi, esivele santsha bese sibekwa endaweni epholile. Kuyadingeka ukuthambisa isihlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile.
- Ukubekwa. Bumba inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla, amanzi kakhulu, wenze imifino emhlabathini kusuka enkabeni yesihlahla ngezindlela ezihlukile, bese ugoba amahlumela amasha angaphansi emhlabathini, ulungise namabakaki ufafaze ngomhlaba. Ukufakelwa kwezihlahla ezizimele ezicijile ngonyaka.
Uma imbewu iqhuma ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo, kufanele itshalwe emabhodweni efasiteleni noma emqubeni yeqhwa ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo. Entwasahlobo, izithombo ziqine futhi zitshale emhlabathini.
U-Yoshta: indawo yokuhlala nokunakekelwa
IYoshta itshalwa ehlathini ehlukile noma emabhuntshini. Phakathi kwabalimi, kukholelwa ukuthi i-yoshta ikhula kahle futhi ithela izithelo kuphela eduze kwama-gooseberries nama-currants amnyama, ngakho-ke kuvame ukufakelwa kwi-gooseberries noma ama-currants egolide noma asetshenziswe njenge-stock ejwayelekile yama-currants nama-gooseberries.
Kungcono ukufakelwa i-yoshta ekwindla: ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba noma ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Isihlahla kufanele sinezimpande ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa sekwindla, buthelela izakhamzimba bese sakhe uhlelo lwezimpande.
Ukutshala i-yoshta entwasahlobo kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu kubalimi. Entwasahlobo, izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphuka ngokushesha, lokhu kuholela ekutheni yomiswe ngaphandle kwenhlabathi. Futhi i-yoshta ithanda umswakama. Ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo, ukusika kutholakala kahle ekwindla futhi kukhiqize isivuno sokuqala ngonyaka olandelayo.
Endaweni eyodwa, lesi sitshalo sithela izithelo kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-18. Ngemuva kwalokho uzodinga ukudlulisela kwenye indawo.
Ungatshala kanjani
Ukukhulisa i-yoshta, udinga indawo enelanga, ebanzi: ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isihlahla sikhula kakhulu. Udinga ukutshala ngokulandelana ebangeni lamamitha ayi-1.5, phakathi kwemigqa kunconywa ukushiya amamitha ayi-2.
Ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa uthango. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amahlumela amasha kudingeka atshalwe kude kude nomunye. Akunconywa ukubeka lesi sitshalo maphakathi nendawo ukuze ungagcini okunye ukutshala.
I-Yoshta ayesabi imimoya nohlaka. Ikhula kabi enhlabathini enesihlabathi kanye namabhuthi we-peat. Ulungiselela izindawo ezihlasimulisayo.
Udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungatshala kanjani i-yoshta entwasahlobo, ngoba lokhu kuzodinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ekukhetheni kwezithombo. Izinto zokutshala kumele zibe sezingeni elifanele, ngohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande.
Zonke izindawo ezomile noma ezibolile kufanele zisuswe. Ngaphambi kokutshala, beka emanzini noma isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate. Izithombo kufanele zibe zincane, zibe namagxolo abushelelezi obukhulu kanye nohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Umgodi ongama-50-60 cm kufanele ubiwe ukuze izimpande zibekwe endaweni eqondile. Ukugcwalisa umgodi, lungisa le ngxube elandelayo: ukuthola amabhakede angama-2-3 womquba obunjiwe, thatha u-350 g we lime, 80 g we-superphosphate ne-500-litre yomlotha.
Ukufika kweYoshta kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Gcwalisa ingxenye yesithathu yengxube yomquba nomanyolo emgodini.
- Thela ibhakede lamanzi.
- Faka isithombo enezimpande eziqondile emgodini.
- Thela ingxube esele.
- Tamp futhi kancane umhlabathi inhlabathi.
- Ukulala ngesendlalelo se-mulch.
Masinyane ngaphambi kokutshala, isihlahla ngasinye kufanele sicwiliswe engxenyeni yamanzi nenhlabathi, ngaphambi kokungcwatshwa, kufanele kutholakale isihlwathi esinezimpande.
Ngemuva kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukusika iziqu, ushiye ama-2-3 elesithathu ngakunye.
Lapho uthenga izithombo, kufanele unake hhayi ngamandla nokuphakama kwamahlumela, kodwa ngekhwalithi yohlelo lwezimpande. Kufanele ibe musha futhi inomswakama. Isitshalo esinezimpande ezomile nezikhungathekile sinezimpande ezimbi kakhulu.
Amagxolo kufanele abe bushelelezi futhi asha. Unganqamula ingxenye encane yegxolo. Uma izicubu eziluhlaza zesitshalo zidaluliwe, khona-ke lesi yisithombo sisha futhi siyaphila. Isitshalo esinjalo sivele ngokushesha futhi sithele izithelo kahle.
Uma kungenakwenzeka ukutshala isithombo ngokushesha, singabe sesimbiwa emthunzini. Emgodini owembiwe, lesi sitshalo sibekwa kwifomu le-oblique, izimpande kanye nengxenye yez amahlumela zimbozwe ngomhlaba. Kuleli fomu, ungagcina kuze kube inyanga.
U-Yoshta: ukunakekelwa nokulinyelwa
I-Yoshta isichibi esithanda umswakama, ngakho-ke, ukugcina umswakama nezakhi zomzimba, kunconywa ukufaka izithombo zenhlabathi eduze kwesihlahla nomquba. I-Norm - amabhakede ama-2 womquba womvunda esihlahleni esi-1 esisodwa.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo esibalulekile sokutshala. I-Yoshta ayidingi izihlahla ezikhethekile ukwenza isihlahla: kuphela amahlumela omisiwe noma aqandisiwe okufanele anqunywe. Entwasahlobo, ukuthungwa kwendle kwenziwa.
I-Yoshta idinga ukondliwa njalo: ehlobo ama-5 kg womanyolo we-organic afakiwe ngokufakwa kwe-30 g ye-superphosphate nge-1 m2. Ekwindla, engeza i-20 g ye-calcium sulphide kule ngxube.
Ehlobo lokuqala, kufanele uthele isixazululo se-mullein 1: 5, eye-bird droppings 2:20 noma usebenzise noma yimuphi umanyolo wezimbiwa, ngokwesibonelo, i-Agrolife. Kusuka onyakeni we-4, isilinganiso somanyolo kumele siphindwe kabili. Ekwindla, engeza jar-litre jar ye-solution ye-ash ash ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye.
Ukumelana nezilokazane nezifo ezithinta ama-currants nama-gooseberries: anthracnose, powdery hlobo.
Naphezu kobusha bayo obuhlobene, i-yoshta yakwazi ukuthandana nabalimi abaningi baseRussia. Ukubukeka okuhle ngokweqile, amajikijolo amnandi futhi aphilisayo, ukuzithoba nokukhuthazela kwenza le shrub yama-berry ihehe kubantu abaningi.
