Impukane enamakhaphethi ixosha umlimi, esakhiweni sayo okumnandi futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, izaqathi ezinamakha. Ngemuva kwakho konke, yiphunga lezaqathi eliheha impukane ye-karoti. Kulesi sisetshenziswa sizozama ukuchaza ngemininingwane eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka lapho futhi ngasiphi isimo iklabishi lwendiza luvulwa futhi, futhi, ukuthi singabhekana kanjani nalo ngendlela enobungane kakhulu kwemvelo. Ukuze uqonde nje futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi, noma okungenani isikhathi eside, ukushayela isanqante kuphuma esakhiweni noma ukuvimbela ukubonakala kwawo nhlobo, kusadingeka wazi ukuthi iyini le pest, ngamanye amazwi, ukwazi i-biology yayo, indlela yokuphila, imilutha .
Izaqathi ezilinyazwe nguCarrot Fly LarvaeIncazelo ye-carrot fly kanye nezibungu zayo
Eqinisweni, ukusongela iklabishi ukundiza, singasho ukuthi sikwenza ngeze, ngoba akuyena umuntu olimazayo, kodwa izibungu zakhe eziqhamuka emaqanda abekwe ngowesifazane. Futhi uma isanqante sowesifazaneendiza indiza, yize ingaqondile, ilimaza, abesilisa bavikelekile ngokuphelele engadini yakho. Ukubekwa kwamaqanda ikherothi kundiza, okuphikisana nenkolelo evamile, kwenzeka ngokoqobo kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula kwayo, hhayi ngasiphi isikhathi esithile.
Ngaphandle, i-carrot fly ihlala isikhathi eside, imvamisa ifinyelela kuhafu wesentimitha, izinambuzane, imnyama njalo. Izimpiko zezimpukane zisobala, kepha izibungu eziqhakaza amaqanda abekwe impukane zinombala ophuzi okhanyayo futhi kwesinye isikhathi zicwebezela elangeni, njengobuhlalu. Izibungu azinawo amakhanda ahlukile, ayinayo imilenze ehlukile, ubude bomzimba bungashintshashintsha futhi bufinyelele amasentimitha noma alingane nohhafu wawo, kepha ngokwesilinganiso cishe angamasentimitha angama-0.8. Into ethokozisa kakhulu ukuthi izibungu zihlala ebusika-lukhuni; zibusika kahle ezimpandeni zika-izaqathe, sezikhuphuke ngokujulile kuzo futhi kukhona sonke isikhathi sokugcinwa kwezitshalo ezimpande zingafi.
Ngenkathi efudumele, izimpukane zekherothi zivame ukunika izizukulwane ezimbili. Isizukulwane sokuqala sezimpukane ezincane zekototi zivame ukuvela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, bese kuthi isizukulwane sesibili sezimpukane siphume ekupheleni kwehlobo, ngasekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, yize singandiza izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlelwa.
Imvamisa, impukane ye-carrot ithatha isikhathi eside ukubeka ilitshe lokubeka amaqanda, yingakho nje ungafaki i-ovipositor enhlabathini evulekile (ngakho-ke, udinga ukukhulula inhlabathi kaningi). Imvamisa ibeka amaqanda ezintanjeni zezimpande zezitshalo zekherothi. Kamuva, kuvela izibungu emaqandeni, okuthi, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umzuzu, zilume ngokushesha isivuno sezimpande bese ziqala ukuququda kuso imivimbo emide impela.
Kulula kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuthi isitshalo se-isanqante sithinteka inkathazo, okuwukuthi, izibungu zekhathuni zindiza: esimweni esinjalo sezimpande amaqabunga amaqabunga athola umbala we-aloe-violet, ophelele ngokwama-karoti, kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa aphenduke aphuzi. Uma ungathathi noma yiziphi izinyathelo bese ubheka nje izitshalo ezithintekile, kuzodlula isikhathi esincane bese isivuno sezimpande siqale ukoma, kulandelwe ukufa kwayo okuphelele. Kuyacaca ukuthi isivuno esinjalo esiyimpande asisafanele ukucubungulwa noma ukugcinwa.
I-Carrot Fly (Psila rosae).
Izibalo zempukane.
Ukuvimbela I-Carrot Fly
Abalimi baphikisana ngamabomu ukuthi ezitshalweni zekhathuni, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zasehlobo, lapho sivakashela khona ngezikhathi ezithile, izimpukane zekhathuni, noma kunalokho izibungu zalo ezinamandla, cishe ziyisitha esiyingozi kakhulu futhi kufanele silwe nazo, nakanjani, futhi kaningi ngokweqiniso wonke amaqhinga nezindlela ezisetshenziswayo zisetshenziselwa lokhu.
Okokuqala, ake sixoxe ngokuvinjwa kokubonakala kokubonakala kwendiza enama-carrot esakhiweni futhi sizame ukunciphisa ukulahleka okuvela empilweni yayo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali. Ake siqale ngento esemqoka - ngokushintshana kwezilimo, kodwa futhi kufanele ungabambezeleli izaqathe ngezilimo, ulinde kuze kuqale unyaka we-carrot fly. Lapho nje iqhwa selincibilikile futhi inhlabathi isilungele ukutshala izaqathe, uyihlwanyele ngesibindi, bese kuthi lapho iklabishi ukundiza liphume, izitshalo zekhathuni seziyoqina ngokwanele. Ngokuqondene nezilimo zezimpande, okuhloselwe ukugcinwa ngakho-ke, kufanele zihlwanyelwe kamuva, kuyadingeka ukuthi uzihlwanyele endaweni ngezinsuku zokugcina zikaMeyi kuze kube maphakathi noJuni.
Mayelana nokujikeleza kwezitshalo: Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi izaqathi zibuyiselwe endaweni yazo yasekuqaleni kungakapheli iminyaka emithathu zikhule kulesi siza ngaphambili, futhi uma kunokuhlasela okukhulu kukaphethiloli izimpukane, linda omunye unyaka bese zikuhlwanyele endaweni yazo yasekuqaleni kungakapheli iminyaka emine iminyaka.
Ukuze iklabishi ukundiza "lingafiki" ezitshalweni, zama ukutshala izaqathe emagqumeni amancane, uhlobo lwezindunduma, ezindaweni lapho umoya uzovunguza kahle ezitshalweni kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha indawo efudumele kahle, evulekele ukukhanya kwelanga, izibungu ezenqenayo ziyomisa nje ilanga noma u-carrot fly, wazi ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka, kuyomane wedlule endaweni enjalo.
Khetha inhlabathi yokutshala izaqathe njengokukhanya futhi inempilo ngangokunokwenzeka. Kuvunyelwe impela ukuxuba inhlabathi nesihlabathi somfula ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo; emhlabathini onomsoco futhi oxegayo, isitshalo sezimpande se-izaqathe sizothuthuka ngenkuthalo, sikhule siwugqinsi futhi izindonga zaso ziba "nzima kakhulu" izibungu zephaphethi ukundiza. Kodwa ukwethulwa komquba omusha, lapho ulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala izaqathe, kuyinto engathandeki ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke ungasenza lesi simo sibe sibi kakhulu. Yini okufanele uyenze kulabo asebevele beletha izinto eziphilayo esizeni? Kulokhu, bangabekezelela futhi bahlwanyele izaqathe kule ndawo ngonyaka olandelayo.
By endleleni, ngokutshala: Izilimo ezigqinsiwe kakhulu nazo zisezandleni zenyathi ephethe isanqante futhi asikho isidingo sokusho ukuthi maduze uzowanciphisa wonke la makhaza. Iqiniso ngukuthi lapho kukhula isivuno sokuqala, ukulanda kakhulu izinambuzane kuzoba kukhuthele ngangokunokwenzeka. Impukane ye-carrot izobona ukutshala okukhulu okunjalo futhi ibeke inani elikhulu kakhulu lamaqanda, ithelele cishe zonke izitshalo. Uma okokuqala uhlwanyela izaqathe, imbovane ekule ndawo izoncipha (futhi kwesinye isikhathi ibaluleke kakhulu).
Ekhuluma ngokuncipha: Ungalibali nale nqubo bese ulinda kuze kudliwe imifino yezimpande, bese kuvimbela ukukhula kwabanye. Lapho unciphisa izitshalo zekherothi, ungaqhamuki, ushiye amasentimitha amabili noma amathathu wesikhala samahhala phakathi kwesitshalo ngasinye, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza lokhu lapho izitshalo zekhathuni sezivele zakha amaqabunga ambalwa noma amathathu. Lapho unciphisa, ususe wonke ukhula, ungagculiseki yilokho okusolwa ngokuthi ukudabula phezulu kokhula, futhi kulungile, zama ukukususa ngokuphelele enhlabathini, uma kungenjalo ngosuku luzobuyisa ingxenye yesithathu yemisindvo yalo, futhi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuzoba njengoba kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuyinquma.
Ukunisela izaqathe, ukuze ugweme ukuheha izimpukane zekhathuni kuyo, udinga ukukwenza kuyaqabukela futhi ukhumbule: akukho kufafaza, ungaphenduli umoya ngokufafaza amakha ngephunga lezaqathi, eliqala ukundizela isanqante. Ukuchelela kuyadingeka ngokulingana, kuhlangana njalo nomswakama wemvelo, okuwukuthi, kwezulu, ukuze inhlabathi ingashisi, kepha futhi akubukeki njengexhaphozi.
Lapho ubeka imibhede ungakhohlwa ngakho ukuhambisana namasikoIsibonelo, imibhede enamakherothi inengqondo yokushintshana nemibhede ehlala abantu anyanisi ojwayelekile (ugarliki). Iqiniso ngukuthi izimpaphe zika-anyanisi oluhlaza zikukhipha ngamandla okuguquguqukayo, okuthi iklabishi ukundiza alikuthandi nakancane, nephunga lezaqathe liyawucashula u-anyanisi ukundiza. Vele, lokhu akusho neze ukuthi ngokutshala lezi izilimo ezimbili esizeni, ungakhohlwa ngokuphelele nge-anyanisi fly kanye ne-karoti, kodwa inani lalezi zinambuzane empeleni lingancishiswa kakhulu. Khumbula ukuthi umphumela omkhulu ovimbela ukunikela unika ugalikhi wentwasahlobo, kepha hhayi ubusika, kubalulekile.
Siyaqhubeka - izitshalo ze-mulching isanqanteKungasabisa futhi ukundiza i-carrot. I-Peat crumb ilungile njenge-mulch; idinga okuncane kakhulu, ngamagremu angamakhulu amathathu kuphela emitha skwele yomhlaba. Ngokwendalo, impukane ayiyithandi neze inhlabathi equkethe i-peat, ngakho-ke inani lamaqanda abekwe kulo lingancishiswa kakhulu.
By the way, sasinganakwa ngokuphelele ukunikela ngamalungiselelo wembewu yekherothiSithethelele thina bafundi. Imvamisa, cishe emavikini ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu ye-carrot emhlabathini, kuyadingeka ukuwuthambisa amahora amabili emanzini afudumele ajwayelekile (afudumele - lokhu kusho ukuthi amanzi kufanele afudunyezwe ukufudumeza kwegumbi, akucetyiswa ukufudumeza ngaphezulu), kulungile uma kuncibilikisiwe noma imvula. Lapho kudlula amahora amabili, imbewu yekherothi kufanele ibekwe endwangu eyomile nehlanzekile, okufanele ifakwe esikhwameni sepulasitiki enezimbobo ezidingekayo ukuze umoya ungene lapho. Lesi sikhwama kufanele sibekwe emnyango wesiqandisi cishe isonto. Masinyane ngaphambi kokuhlwanyelwa, kudingeka kuvulwe isikhwama sembewu, sikhiphe imbewu yethu bese somiswa amahora ambalwa epanini elomile ukuze sithole ukugeleza. Kungani senze lokhu? Ukuze unciphise ingxenye ethile yephunga le-carrot ejwayelekile futhi ekhangayo kakhulu ku-carrot fly futhi isheshise ukuhluma kwembewu. Emva kwalokho, imbewu ingahlwanyelwa ngokuphepha embhedeni wengadi.
I-Carrot yabantu abadala iyaganwa.
Izinyathelo ze-Folk zokulwa ne-fly karoti
Ngakho-ke, uma ukuvimbela kungasizanga, futhi impukane ingafuni ukuhlukana nomhlaba, khona-ke okokuqala siqala izikhali ezikhanyayo nezemvelo - amakhambi abantu.
Indlela yokuqala: udinga ukuthatha i-100 g yothuli lwegwayi (manje seluthengiswa yonke indawo) futhi ulufafaze ngama-gramu ayi-100 emvula noma ancibilikise amanzi ngamagremu angama-50 of lime elitshekile pre-ecijwe kuwo (uma kungekho luthi olusikiwe, khona-ke umlotha wokhuni ungasetshenziswa ngokulingana). Ingxube edingekayo kufanele isetshenziselwe enhlabathini, emzileni, lapho izaqathe zikhula khona. Imvamisa, i-8-9 g yale nhlanganisela iyadingeka ngesikwele semitha ngayinye yesikimu (kungcono ukungakwenyusi idosi). Ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ze-isanqante ezithintekile i-carrot fly nale nhlanganisela kungcono kwenziwe kabili noma kathathu ngokuphumula kwezinsuku eziyishumi.
Inketho yesibili: udinga ukuthatha amakhilogremu amathathu ezihloko zikatamatisi bese uwasika kahle, bese - ubeka epanini noma emgqonyeni kasayizi ofanelekile bese uthelela amanzi abilayo apholile phezulu. Umhluzi obangelwa kufanele ugcinwe ngaphandle kokuthinta cishe izinsuku ezimbili. Okulandelayo, inhlanganisela ephumayo idinga ukuhlunga, engeza u-20 g wetshezi (mhlawumbe i-antibacterial) noma ingxenye yesicucu sokuwasha kuyo bese ufafaza ingxube phezu kombhede ngotshalo lwe-carrot.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasebenzisa ama-decoctions we-yarrow (1 kg ngebhakede lamanzi, into ejwayelekile ngamamitha skwele ayi-2-3 wemibhede) i-burdock (2 kg ngebhakede lamanzi, okujwayelekile kungamamitha-skwele ayi-1.5-2 wemibhede) amadayisi (1.5 kg eziqongweni ngebhakede lamanzi, okujwayelekile ngemitha eyodwa yemibhede) kanye umhlonyane (2 kg eziqongweni ngebhakede lamanzi, umkhuba ongamamitha-skwele amathathu imibhede). Beats off the iphunga, kanye nesifiso se-carrot fly decoction ugarlic (Ama-clove angama-5-6 ilitha lamanzi ngalinye, umgomo wamamitha ayi-2 emibhede) kanye anyanisi (ikhilogremu yezimpaphe ngebhakede lamanzi, into evamile ngemitha yesikwele yombhede wensimu).
Uma ukuthambisa okulula kwe-anyanisi kanye negalikhi kungenzeka kunganikeli umphumela oyifunayo, ke anyanisi nokufakwa kwegalikhi ingaphekwa ngokuya ngeresiphi, eyayisetshenziswa ogogo nomkhulu bethu. Isibonelo, ukulungiselela igalikhi noma isixazululo se-anyanisi, kuyadingeka ukuthatha izingcezu ezingavuthiwe zalezi zitshalo bese uzinqume kahle ngokuthe ngqo no-peel, bese uthelela amalitha amabili amanzi abilayo phezu kwawo. Ngemuva kwale ngxube, udinga ukuyivumela ukuba ikhanyele usuku, uyihlunga, futhi ngaphambi kokucubungula izitshalo, izaqathi kumele zihlanjululwe kabili bese kufakwa kwisisombululo ingxenye yesicucu sokugeza. Imvamisa, lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza kakhulu lapho kuncipha izitshalo zekherothi, khona-ke iphunga lidonswa ngangokunokwenzeka, indiza ebilisiwe ayizwakali nakancane futhi indiza esizeni. Into ethokozisa kakhulu ukuthi umphumela wokwelashwa okunjalo esimweni sezulu esihle (uma kungashisi kakhulu futhi kungekho mvula) kungahlala kuze kube isonto, okuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi emakamelweni ehlobo, lapho singekho kaningi khona.
Ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kwabalimi, izisungule njengesivikelo emafutheni enkanyamba. ukukhipha i-coniferous. Isenzo sawo, ngesilinganiso esiphakeme samathuba, sisuselwa kusisekelo esifanayo - ukujikisa iklabishi ukundiza ngephunga elingathandeki. Ukwenza lokhu kukhishwe, udinga ukuthulula amagremu ama-200 ezinaliti zikaphayini ngebhakede lamanzi emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, futhi, kungcono ukunetha noma ukuncibilike. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumnika kufanele kuvunyelwe ukuma usuku, bese uxubha, gcwalisa ngebhodlela lokufafaza bese ucubungula imibhede ngezaqathi.
Khumbula, noma ngabe yiziphi i-infusions noma izixazululo ozisebenzisayo, ngaso sonke isikhathi cubungula izaqathi ekuseni (ngaphambi kwesihlanu ekuseni) noma kusihlwa (ngemuva kwesihlanu ntambama). Ukwelashwa okukodwa kuncane kakhulu, chitha amabili noma amathathu kubo. Musa ukucubungula izitshalo nsuku zonke, yenza lokhu okungenani kanye ngesonto.
Akunakusho ukuthi, lapho ukotela omncane unciphile, ungaziphonsi izitshalo ezidalulwe emhlabathini khona lapho embhedeni, ngalesi sikhathi bakhipha iphunga elithandeka kakhulu le-carrot fly. Shisisa izitshalo ezingadingekile noma uzisebenzisele umquba, kanti ezinye zilungiselela ngosizo lwazo lwentwasahlobo, okumnandi kakhulu futhi kunempilo, ngendlela, amasaladi.
Sengiphetha, izindlela zokulawula abantu, ongasabisa ngazo i-carrot fly, zingalulekwa emigwaqweni, lapho udonsa izitshalo, ukubeka izingxenyana ezincane zamatamatisi noma umhlonyane - izinambuzane azikuthandi lokhu kakhulu.
Kusetshenziswa chemistry ukulwa ne-carrot fly
I-Chemistry yokulwa ne-carrot fly ingasetjenziswa kuphela esimweni esedlulele kakhulu, lapho bekungatholakali ngokwesabisa inkathazo isebenzisa amakhambi abantu futhi ihlulekile ukubhekana nakho. Ukuqeda izimpukane zekhathuni ngesikhathi sasehlobo, kanye nezibungu zazo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinambuzane ezivunyelwe kuphela esikhathini samanje, ulandela ngokuqinile imithamo nemiyalo esephaketheni. Ungasebenzisa izinambuzane ezinjengeStefesin, i-Decis neVolaton.
Khumbula ukuthi amakhemikhali asebenza kakhulu kuphela emazingeni okushisa emoyeni angama-20 degrees nangaphezulu. Ukucutshungulwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqinile kwisimo sezulu esizolile kude nedamu noma i-apiary, ukuze kungalimazi izinambuzane ezizuzisayo. Izikhathi ezifanele zokwelapha ngamahora asekuseni (kusuka ezinhlanu kuya kweyisikhombisa ekuseni) kanye namahora wehora (kusihlanu kuya kwayisikhombisa kusihlwa). Zama ukukhetha isikhathi lapho okungenani izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva kokucubungula esiteshini sezulu sezulu esifundeni sakho singabikezeli imvula ngohlobo lwemvula.
Ngaphezu kwamakhemikhali ayingozi, ungasebenzisa amalungiselelo emvelo athambile ngaphezulu, ngokwesibonelo, iFitoverm, udinga ukufaka i-10 ml kuphela yalesi sidakamizwa kumalitha amanzi amahlanu, ukuze kwanele ukucubungula izitshalo, usebenzise inani elitholwe kumamitha-skwele ayi-10,5. Sebenzisa noma yiziphi izidakamizwa, ungakhohlwa ngemishini yokuvikela umuntu uqobo, kufanele kube ngamagilavu enjoloba kanye nesicubu sokuphefumula.
Izibungu zekherothi zindiza ezimpandeni.
Esikhundleni sesiphetho
Singanikeza izeluleko ezinhle esikhundleni sokuphetha ukulandisa kwethu. Ngayisebenzisa le ndlela yokuvikela izimpukane zekhathuni ezivela phesheya. Kuyabiza kancane, kepha ayikho i-chemistry edingekayo, futhi ekugcineni uzonga isikhathi esiningi.
Izazi zebhayoloji ziqaphele ukuthi isanqante endiza ngenhla komhlabathi uyandizela esikhundleni esiphansi, ngakho-ke, inethiwekhi encane enezikhala ezinhle ingadonswa ngaphezulu kwezitshalo, okungeke kuphazamise ukukhula kweziqalo zekotishi, kodwa futhi ngeke kuvume ukubekwa kwamaqanda. Ezicijile kufanele zibe ngamasentimitha amane ukuphakama, kungabe kusaba khona (futhi futhi kuhlanganiswa nenethiwekhi). Udinga ukuzifaka ezizungeze imibhede yezaqathi bese uqinisa ngenetha lomiyane elijwayelekile. Le ndlela eyisisekelo futhi efakazelwe engadingi izindleko ezikhethekile.
Ngakho-ke, sichaze imithetho yokutshala, kanye nemithetho yokulawula ukuvikela kanye nokulawula izindlela ezingekho emthethweni, kanye namakhemikhali, futhi saze sakhuluma ngokuhlelwa kwegridi, okuthi, ngeshwa, kulula ukuyisusa futhi yenze noma yimuphi umsebenzi ngomhlabathi, kubandakanya nokunisela. Vele kufanele ukubheke konke lokhu futhi ukhule isivuno se-izaqathe. Kepha uma ungaqondi okuthile, ubuze imibuzo kumazwana, sizowaphendula!
