Amaphutha amakhulu lapho kukhula izithombo

Ukukhulisa izithombo kwanoma isiphi isiko lemifino kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ukunakwa nokunakekelwa kwakho. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuzama ukukhulisa izithombo ngokwakho, cabanga ngakho: ingabe unaso isikhathi esanele, ingabe unakho konke okusemandleni - indawo, izibani ze-backlight, ukugqoka okuphezulu, iziqukathi zezithombo, njll. Ukuthola izitshalo ezikhule ngokugcwele ezingabe sezitshalwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma emhlabathini ovulekile. Akulula ukuthenga izithombo?

Uma uthatha isinqumo sokutshala izithombo ngokwakho, manje namuhla sizokutshela ngamaphutha amakhulu ekukhuleni kwezithombo, sigweme ongathola izitshalo ezisezingeni eliphakeme, futhi ngokuzayo, ngokunakekelwa okufanele emhlabathini ovulekile, isivuno esihle. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuhluma ngokufanele futhi okutshalwe embhedeni wengadi kuyinto, noma kube yingxenye yempumelelo kuphela, kepha ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu.

1. Amaphutha lapho kugcinwa khona imbewu

Ngakho-ke, iphutha lokuqala kuyindlela engalungile yokugcina imbewu, ngenxa yalokho alahlekelwa ukuhluma kwazo ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele. Imvamisa, abalimi, ikakhulukazi abaqalayo, abacabangi nokuthi bazoyigcina kuphi imbewu eqoqiwe kusuka ezinhlotsheni (kepha hhayi inzalo F1), bayifaka esikhwameni sepulasitiki bese beyifaka ekhabethe etafuleni lasekhishini noma eshalofini. Ngenxa yalokhu, imbewu zigcinwa egumbini elinomswakama elinothile futhi elifudumele kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi elithinta ukuhluma kwazo kabi.

Ekushiseni, imbewu ingalahlekelwa ukuhluma kwayo ngokushesha okukhulu, ingahlala izinyanga ezimbalwa nje, futhi uma isalele endaweni lapho umoya ufinyelela khona, yithi, ithululelwe ebhokisini ngaphandle kwesivalo, khona-ke cishe inyanga yanele ukuba ifike ukungasebenzi.

Khumbula: imbewu igcinwa kangcono emazingeni okushisa amahle kepha aphansi (imvamisa kufika ku-+10 degrees). Ngaso leso sikhathi, kufanele kubhekwe nenye into ebalulekile - umswakama womoya egumbini lapho kugcinwa khona imbewu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uma umswakama ephezulu (ngaphezu kwama-85%), khona-ke imbewu izovele ingajwayelekile ngokushesha njengokuthi igcinwe egumbini elomile, kepha emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-20 degrees ngaphezulu kwe-zero.

Abanye abalimi baluletha ukubeka imbewu endaweni eqandisiwe, okungukuthi, ukuzifaka efrijini esiqandisini sekhaya esivamile. Lapho, imbewu igcinwa isikhathi eside impela, ayilahlekelwa ukuqhuma noma ilahlekile, kepha kancane kancane. Lokhu kuhle, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, imbewu iyabonakala ngokusobala futhi ingaqhumi ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela, ngaphandle kwalapho isanda kukhula. Ungavusa imbewu ngokushisa nge-banal - ngokubeka emanzini ngeqondo lokushisa elingama-degrees angama-40 amahora ambalwa.

Izimo ezifanele kakhulu zokugcina imbewu yilezo lapho izinga lokushisa likububanzi ukusuka ku-+7 kuya ku-+ degrees degrees ngaphezu kwe-zero futhi lingagxili likhuphuke noma laphansi ngokuya ngesimo sezulu, futhi umswakama awudluli ngaphezulu kwama-60%.

2. Amaphutha lapho kulungiswa imbewu yezithombo

Abalimi abathenga imbewu ezitolo noma kubangani, bazama ukuvikela izitshalo zesikhathi esizayo ngangokunokwenzeka emthelela ongaba khona wezinto ezingezinhle kubo ngesimo, ngokwesibonelo, izifo fungal. Ukuze benze lokhu, bacosha imbewu enazo zonke izinhlobo zezibi, imvamisa ngaphandle kokucabanga ngokugxila kwalezi zinto ezinobuthi.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuqoqwa kwezinto ezinobuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuqinile nemiyalo ekhonjisiwe ekufakweni kwale mishanguzo (futhi, ungabe usaphakama noma ube ophansi kunalokhu kukhonjisiwe, ngoba esimweni sesibili ngeke kube nomphumela). Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo avunyelwe kuphela futhi avumelaniswe nezindlela zokwelapha imbewu yezilimo ezithile. Okufanayo kusebenza ekukhuliseni ukukhula, ngaphandle kwalokho umane ubulala imbewu.

Lapho uthenga imbewu yezithombo, qiniseka ukuthi ufunda incazelo nokufakwa kwayo, njengamanje, izinkampani eziningi zithengisa esele ziphathisiwe ngezinto zokuzivikela, abalawuli bokukhula noma imbewu ekhethiwe, okufanele ibhalwe emaphaketheni. Vele, lo ngumzamo wokugqama phakathi kwenqwaba yezinkampani ezikhiqiza imbewu, kodwa kulokhu, umzamo muhle futhi uyakufanela. Ungakhokhela kakhulu imbewu enjalo, kepha akudingeki ukuthi ukhathazeke ngokuzayo.

3. Ukuqina kwembewu okungalungile

Elinye iphutha mayelana nembewu lukhuni lwazo olungalunganga futhi lungalunganga. Abalimi abanolwazi ngokuvamile bavame ukutusa ukulahla ukuqina kwembewu, ngoba, ngokusho kwabo, lokhu akunangqondo, ngoba izithombo zivame ukukhula ezimweni ezintofontofo kakhulu kuyo. Ngokunikezwe lesi simo, ukuqina kwezimbewu kungenzeka kungenzeki, kepha uma uthatha isinqumo sakho, khona-ke qinisa imbewu, ngaphandle kwezithombo, ngemuva kokugcotshwa, kodwa ngaphambi kokubopha, ngaphandle kwalokho kunengozi yokubhubhisa ihlumela elibuthakathaka, futhi akukho lutho oluzokhula oluvela embewini .

4. Iphutha ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela

Isikhathi sokuhlwanyela kwembewu yezithombo kubaluleke kakhulu: uma uhlwanyela imbewu kusenesikhathi, izithombo ngeke zikulungele ukutshala emhlabathini, ngoba kuzobanda ngaphandle, lapho-ke kuzophuma, kulindwe izimo ezifanele. Uma uhlwanyela sekwephuzile, khona-ke ngeke kukhule ngokwanele ngesikhathi sokutshala enhlabathini, ngakho-ke kungahle kube nokubambezeleka kokuthola isivuno, futhi kwezinye izikhathi kungenzeka ungasitholi.

Imvamisa, imbewu yezitshalo eziningi zemifino ihlwanyelwa izithombo hhayi ngaphambi kokuphela kukaMashi kanye ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, kodwa uma sikhuluma ngezilimo ezithanda ukushisa, sithi, i-bell pepper noma isitshalo seqanda, imbewu ingahlwanyelwa ekuseni - ngokwesibonelo, eduze maphakathi no-Mashi. Ngaphezu kokunwebeka noma ukungakhuli ngosayizi ofiselekayo kanye nezinga lokukhula, izithombo ezinezinsuku ezingalungile zokutshala nazo zingathwala ubunzima ngenxa yezimo zokukhanya ezingezinhle - zizoqala ukwelula kuze kufinyelele endaweni yokuhlala, noma kuzoba nokubambezeleka ekwakhiweni kwamabhulashi (njengokuthi, isibonelo, utamatisi).

Funda izinto zethu ezinemininingwane: Izinsuku zokutshala izilimo zemifino zezithombo zezifunda ezihlukile kanye neKhalenda lokutshala izilimo zokuhlobisa zezithombo.

5. Iphutha ekukhetheni inhlabathi yezithombo

Lapho uhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo, qiniseka ukuthi unaka ngokukhethekile ukwakheka kwenhlabathi lapho uzohlwanyela khona imbewu. Ungalokothi usebenzise inhlabathi "ediniwe", ubumba obukhulu futhi uthathe ezindaweni ezine "esidlule esingaziwa." Kungcono ukungathathi inhlabathi kwenye indawo, ngoba ngemuva kwalokho ungangena ukuthethelela isiza sakho ngezinambuzane ezihlukaniswe yedwa. Awungeke uthenge inhlabathi esitolo ngenxa yezindleko ezingezekile zezezimali, kodwa zipheke ngokwakho, ikakhulukazi ngoba akunzima ngokuphelele.

Kungcono ukulungiselela umhlabathi wokutshala izithombo esikhathini sekwindla, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kwesikhathi, cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha. Kukhona ingxube yendawo yonke lapho inqwaba yembewu yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene izohluma. Ingxube enjalo iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili ze-humus noma umquba, ingxenye eyodwa yesavuni ebunjiwe (kufanele ibe mpunga) nengxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi (kungcono ukuthatha umfula wesihlabathi wengxenyeni ephakathi, kungaba kuhle ukuyigeza). Konke lokhu kuhlanganiswa kahle, futhi imbewu ihlwanyelwa inhlanganisela enjalo.

Mayelana nokuthi ungayilungiselela kanjani inhlabathi ngokuzimela izithombo ezikhulayo, funda impahla yethu "Ilungiselela inhlabathi enhle yezithombo"

6. Ukutshala okunamathambo

Size ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu, kubonakala sengathi, hlobo luni lwamaphutha angaba khona? Kepha, ngokwesibonelo, ziqina ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela. Kuyiqiniso, inketho ekahle ukuhlwanyela imbewu eyodwa noma ezimbili ezimbizeni ze-peat-humus, kepha imvamisa imbewu ihlwanyelwa emabhokisini, amboze inhlabathi ngesigaxa sembewu cishe. Ngokwemvelo, ngokutshala okuqinile, bazokhula buthakathaka, bancintisane ngokudla nomswakama, woluleke, bazothambekela “ekuzibambeni” ukukhanya okwengeziwe, lapho izithombo zizoguqulwa futhi zingabi namandla.

Ungakhohlwa ngalezi zifo: ezitshalweni ezigqinsiwe zokuhlwanyela, umlenze omnyama uyasebenza, okwazi ukubulala ukusuka kwesigamu kuzo zonke izitshalo ezisebhokisini. Ukuqonda ukuthi yiliphi ibanga elithathwa njengelilungile lapho uhlwanyela, unaka ukufakwa kwembewu, kukhulunywa ngakho lapho. Amasiko ahlukahlukene akhetha ibanga elihlukile, okumele linakwe.

7. Ukujula kokuhlwanyelwa

Kungashiwo okufanayo ngokujula kokuhlwanyelwa, kunomthetho wokubusa wensimu "ukujula kokuhlwanyelwa imbewu eyodwa noma enye kuyahambelana namamitha ayo amabili." Eqinisweni, lokhu kunjalo ngempela, futhi uma imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngokujulile, khona-ke ngeke ihlume. Futhi lapha futhi imiyalo esephaketheni enezimbewu kufanele isisize: ukujula kokubekwa kufanele kukhonjiswe lapho, ikakhulukazi uma kuyinkampani efanele ukuhlonishwa futhi ilwela ukuvela emakethe, ngaphambi kwabaqhudelana bayo.

8. Ukukhanya okunganele kwezithombo

Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, isikhathi sokunakekela isithombo siqala futhi siqala ngokufakwa kokukhanyisa okwengeziwe. Ngenkathi izithombo zingakaqhumi, awudingi ukufihla iziqukathi noma amabhokisi ebumnyameni, vele ubeke ikhabethe ewindini eliseningizimu bese ulinda izithombo ukuba zivele. Lapho nje izithombo zibonakala ebusweni benhlabathi, udinga ukubanikeza ukukhanyisela okwengeziwe, ngokwandisa isikhathi sosuku bese usiletha ngosizo lwasemuva kuze kube amahora ayi-11-13 (kuya ngesitshalo).

Izibani zifaka, njengomthetho, amahora angu-1-2 ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga kanye namahora angama-1-2 ngemuva kokushona kwelanga. Kwesinye isikhathi ntambama. Kulula kakhulu ukubheka ukuthi isibani sasemuva siyadingeka yini phakathi nosuku, udinga nje ukukhanyisa isibani ngesikhathi sasemini, uma sikhanya ngokwanele, lapho-ke udinga ukukhanyisa, kepha uma kunosuku olunelanga ngaphandle kwewindi futhi akukho okufanele kushintshe, khona-ke asikho isidingo sasemini.

9. Ukunisela okungalungile

Amanzi impilo. Kepha amanzi angaphenduka abulawe yizithombo uma athululelwa kakhulu. Isibonelo, amanzi amaningi awadingi ukuthunyelwa ngqo ngemuva kokuhlwanyela imbewu. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwanele ukufafaza inhlabathi kusuka esibhamu sokufafaza, yithambisa kancane, futhi ukuvikela umswakama ukuthi ungashwibi, amboze isitsha ngefilimu yokunamathela phezulu. Ngokunisela okunamandla ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, ungazidonsela amanzi ngokweqiniso “imbewu” noma uzijule kancane, okuzobambezela ukubukeka kwamahlumela ebusweni bomhlaba. Kuyiqiniso, ukuhlwanyela emhlabathini owomile ngokuphelele futhi akuhambi kahle, ngakho-ke, isilinganisi esingaphansi komhlaba kufanele sikanyiswe ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu (lokhu kuzoba ngcono).

Ngokuzayo, ngenkathi amahlumela emincane, ungasebenzisa isibhamu esifanayo sokufafaza, futhi lapho nje esekhulile, shintshela ekuniseleni okujwayelekile, ngokwesibonelo, kusuka engilazini. Kubalulekile ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthi ungafafazi inhlabathi ngamanzi, futhi uvikele ukuthi ungomi, lokhu akunangozi enkulu njengokugcwalisa ngokweqile - izimpande zezithombo zizomile (futhi zingaboli, njengasekuqaleni) futhi izitshalo zizokufa.

Musa ukusebenzisa amanzi asindayo ukunisela izithombo, ikakhulukazi empompini. Okokuqala, kubanda impela, kanti okwesibili, kungahle kube nezithasiselo ze-chlorine ezilimaza izitshalo. Amanzi angasetshenziswa imvula, ancibilikise noma axazululwe okungenani usuku. Ngaphambi kokunisela, ukufudumele ekushiseni kwegumbi ukuze kungabikho mehluko uma unisela.

Kungenzeka ukukhawulela ngokunamandla ukuchelela, kuzekuqedwa ngokuphelele uma kukhona usuku noma ezimbili ezisele kuze kufike lapho izithombo sezitshalwe esizeni. Iqiniso ngukuthi izitshalo ezigcwele umswakama ziba buthaka kakhudlwana futhi ngesikhathi sokufakelwa zingahlupheka ngaphezu kwe-turgor elahlekile kancane kancane nezinhlobo ezithile ezivilaphayo.

10. Ukudla okungalungile

Lapho kukhula izithombo, ukufakwa kumanyolo kubalulekile, ungacabangi ukuthi imbewu inazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo futhi iyakwazi ukwakha isitshalo esigcwele izitshalo ngokwayo. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyadingeka, kepha ngamanani amancane nangesikhathi.

Isibonelo, ngaphambi kokukha imbewu ezinkomishini ezihlukile, kungcono ukungazondli izithombo, ngakho-ke, emva kwezinsuku ezingama-4-5 emva kokukhethwa, ungazondla nge-nitroammophos, uqede isipuni salomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi ebhakedeni lamanzi. Cishe ilitha lesisombululo esinjalo liyadingeka ngemitha ngayinye yebhokisi lokuchelela. Ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokukhula kanye nezinga lokukhula kwezithombo, ukugqoka phezulu kungenziwa okungenani njalo emavikini amabili, kepha kaningi akukanconywa.

Uma usebenzisa kabi umanyolo futhi ugcina izithombo ekhaya isikhathi eside, khona-ke zingakhula ziye ngezinga elithile noma kwelinye, futhi lokhu kuzophazamisa nomthelela ukukhula kwawo okuthe xaxa nokukhula ngemuva kokudluliselwa endaweni ehlala phansi emhlabathini. Ekuphumeni, izithombo kufanele zibe nesitoko, ngesigaxa esikhulu, isistimu enamandla yezimpande, kepha ingaphakami, iphakeme, ifike lapho kufanele ifike khona.

11. Ukuntuleka kwezithombo ezilukhuni

Khumbula ibinzana - "uma ufuna ukuba sezingeni eliphakeme - fudumala"? Impela, ukuzenza lukhuni kusiza ukukhulisa ukungatheleleki, futhi ukungatheleleki kokuqina kuyisihluthulelo sempilo nakwezomuntu, kubandakanya izithombo. Ngokunikezwe lokhu, akufanelekile ukuthumela izithombo ngqo kusuka efasiteleni eliya engadini. Kuyadingeka ukuqhuba ukuqina, kancane kancane kube nzima "izimo zokuphila." Izinsuku zokuqala zezithombo zingathathwa ziyiswe kuvulandi noma ngethala amahora ambalwa, kuphela ngamahora angama-2-3 okwandisa isikhathi sokuhlala kwakhe nsuku zonke, kuze kube lusuku olugcwele. Uma kungekho balcony noma ithala, bese uzama ukubeka izithombo ngaphansi kwewindi noma iwindi elivulekile ngokohlelo oluchazwe ngenhla. Kungemva kokuqina, izithombo zingatshalwa emhlabathini.

Lapha, mhlawumbe, wonke amaphutha angenzeka lapho kukhula izithombo. Uma ngikhohliwe okuthile, bese ngibhala ngakho kumazwana. Kokubili kimi nakubafundi, imininingwane eyengeziwe izoba wusizo olukhulu.