UViolet uthathwa njengesitshalo esidala esingaphakathi esisengozini yezifo ezahlukahlukene. Le mbali enhle idinga ukunakekelwa njalo nokunakwa. I-Saintpaulia inesiqu esibuthaka kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ngaso sonke isikhathi iba yinto yokuhlaselwa yizilokazane, okufanele ichithwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isengozini yezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Ukunakekelwa Kwe-Violet Okufanele
Abatshali bezimbali bayazama namathela eminye imithetho. Isibonelo, ukuze imbali izizwe isekhaya futhi ikhule kahle, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimo zisondele kakhulu endaweni yezimila. ISenpolia iyikhaya leziqhingi zaseMpumalanga Afrika ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo nesifudumele. Ngokuphula amanzi, izinga lokushisa, ukukhanya noma umoya, imbali iyaqina, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, ukumelana kwayo namagciwane ahlukahlukene kuyawohloka.
Ama-Violets ayakuthanda ukushisa, ngakho-ke kudingeka uwagcine egumbini lokushisa lama-20-25 degrees ngaphandle kokusalungiswa nokudlidliza. Uma izimbali zifakwa egumbini elibandayo, khona-ke zimane ziyeke ukukhula. Ukugcinwa kwalesi sitshalo emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu ngokunisela kaningi kungaholela ekuboleni hhayi kuphela kusiqu, kepha nezimpande. Ukushisa okungaphezulu kwama-degree angama-30 kuthinta kabi i-violet, kubangele ukubonakala kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nesikhunta.
I-Saintpaulia ithanda ukukhanya kwemini, ngamanye amagama, ukukhanya okuthambile nokuhlanekezelwekodwa hhayi kukhanya kakhulu. Ngokushoda kokukhanya, imbali iyayeka ukuqhakaza, futhi ngokweqisa kwayo - amaqabunga alahlekelwa ukuqhakaza kwawo, abe ngamabala futhi aphuzi aphuzi.
Impilo yale mbali ekhangayo nayo incike emhlabathini, ngoba ngayo kwenzeka kakhulu ukutheleleka ngezifo kanye nezinambuzane. Umhlaba ebhodweni kufanele ube nokudla okunempilo, okuxegayo, okukhanyayo, okunikeze ukuphuma kwamanzi amaningi futhi kuvunyelwe umoya omuhle. UViolet unesistimu yezimpande ezintekenteke kakhulu, ethi lapho inhlabathi esindayo esekelwe emhlabathini wegadi ingaphansi kokubola nokugcwala kwamanzi. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi kumiswe umhlabathi isonto lonke ngaphambi kokutshala imbali.
USenpolis uyayithanda kakhulu uma inhlabathi ayimanzi kepha imanzingoba isitshalo simele izindawo ezishisayo. UViolet akufanele aniselwe noma afafazwe ngamanzi eqhwa. Ukuthola umswakama ofunekayo womoya, amabhodwe ezimbali abekwa emathinini atholiswe ngojikijolo, ngobumba obunwetshiwe kanye ne-sphagnum, noma enza ukufafaza okuncane.
Lapho inhlabathi esembizeni yezimbali ine-acidic, okungukuthi, ine-pH ngaphansi kwesi-5, amaqabunga aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi emaphethelweni, ama-phosphates ayeka ukuncibilika, bese irosette ikhule. Esimweni esinjalo, kungcono ukusebenzisa isixazululo se-dolomite esiqukethe isipuni esisodwa sikafulawa namalitha amahlanu amanzi wokunisela ama-violets. Emhlabathini we-alkaline, isitshalo somuthi siyayeka ukukhula bese siguqekile. Kungcono ukuthi uyinkcenkceshele kuleli cala ngengxube etholakala kumalitha ayi-2,5 amanzi nesipuni seviniga.
Izinambuzane eziyingozi ze-senpolia
Izikelemu ziyingozi ngoba zilimaza amaqabunga e-violet. Ezindaweni zokulunywa kwazo zihlala amabala ansundu noma abomvu. Owesifazane walesi sinambuzane angabonakala emgodini wobumba, sengathi ugcwele nge-fluff emhlophe ebonakalayo. Izinambuzane zihlala emphethweni kanye nama-axils amaqabunga, kuma-peduncle. Uma uthola i-louse enoboya ku-violet, lapho-ke udinga ukuphatha imbali ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- I-Fitoferm;
- I-Actara;
- I-Actellic.
Ngokuvimbela, lapho utshala isitshalo kufanele faka i-bazudin ezimbizeni.
Ama-thrips amancane ayakwazi ukonakalisa i-violet. Lezi zinambuzane ezimhlophe ziwela ezimbalini ezilethwe izitshalo noma i-poplar fluff. Zithinta ama-stamens nama-anthers, zisebenza ngokuzungeza isitshalo. Ukulwa nabo, ungasebenzisa i-Akarin, iVertimek, i-Agravertin ne-Dantop.
Kaningi, i-senpolia ithintwa ama-aphid, okuyisinambuzane esidlulelayo sombala omnyama, oluhlaza okotshani obomvu noma obomvu. Ama-aphid angabonakala kumaphuzu kanye namaqabunga okukhula kwe-viola Ngenxa yalezi zinambuzane, amahlumela amancane bese efa. Ukuze ubasuse, i-violet kufanele ifafazwe ngesisombululo esitholakala endlini noma insipho ebulala izinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungayiphatha nge-infusion kagwayi noma ubeke i-lacewing noma i-ladybugs ezimbalini. Uma isitshalo sinamakholoni amaningi we-aphid, khona-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa izinambuzane.
Ama-violets amaningi ayahlaselwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zomkhaza:
- Iwebhu yesicabucabu ebomvu. Kushiya amabala abomvu ngemuva kwaso, kuzungezwe ama-cobwebs, ngenxa yalokho, amaqabunga aguqula ukwakheka bese omile ngaphandle.
- I-Cyclamen. Lesi sinambuzane singabonakala emaqabunga amancane akhiwe phakathi nendawo yokuphuma, eshiya amachashazi aphuzi kuwo.
- Iwebhu yesigcawu. Ukukhombisa okunjalo kuthinteka amaqabunga angaphandle e-violet, ngenxa yokuthi kuvela amabala ansundu ansundu kuwo.
Uma lezi zinambuzane zitholakala, imbali kufanele iphathwe nge-phytoderm, i-acarin noma i-actellik.
Izifo ezivamile ze-senpolia ngesithombe
I-Powdery hlobo
Lesi sifo fungal sithinta izitshalo eziningi zasendlini. Iyaziveza ngokubonakala koqweqwe olumhlophe emaqabunga. Kodwa-ke, ukuyikhipha imbali kunzima impela. Ikhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwe-powdery hlobo umswakama kanye nokushisa okuphansi egumbini. Izidakamizwa ezilandelayo zizosiza ukubhekana nalesi sifo: i-saprol, i-baytleton ne-topazi. Futhi kunconyelwa ukuthi uzishintshe. Isibabule sibuye sithathwe njengekhambi elihle kakhulu le-powdery hlobo. Okokuqala, udinga ukufaka i-violet, bese emboza imbali nge-polyethylene.
Ukulimala sekwephuzile okukhohlisayo
Lapho i-Saintpaulia itheleleke ngalesi sifo, into esemqoka ukuqala ukwelashwa ngesikhathi, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo sizofa ngokushesha. I-Blight ithinta iziqu, ekugcineni zithola i-tint brown. Ngalesi sifo, amaqabunga awawa kakhulu, aveza isiqu. Ukuvela kwayo kuthukuthelisa isikhunta esingena ezindaweni ezithintekile zezimbali noma uhlelo lwezimpande.
Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-blight sekwephuzile, i-violet kuzodingeka ikhishwe ebhodweni futhi kahle hlola uhlelo lwezimpande. Zonke izimpande ezonakele kufanele zisuswe. Ukuchazwa kulula kakhulu - kunokubukeka oku-brownish. Lapho izimpande zithintekile ngokuphelele, kungcono ukusika isiqu ngehlanga. Isiqu esiphumela singagxila emanzini ngaphansi kokugoqwa kwepulasitiki. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kungakuhle ukutshala i-violet enhlabathini entsha nasembizeni.
UFusarium oyingozi
Lesi sifo senzeka kaningi uma umlimi wephula imibandela yokukhula kwe-violets:
- Sebenzisa imbiza ebanzi kakhulu;
- Akuvikeleni lesi sitshalo ekushintsheni okushisa okubukhali;
- Kuyathela amanzi abandayo kakhulu;
- Watshala imbali emhlabeni osindayo kakhulu.
Konke lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izinqubo imbali UFusarium uthelela isikhunta. Kuholela ekuboshweni kwe-petioles yamaqabunga nezimpande. Lesi sifo singabonakala kalula, ngoba lapho singenwe yilesi sifo, ama-petioles angamaqabunga ajika abe nsundu bese ewa, futhi izimpande ziba mnyama futhi zihlukane nomhlabathi. Ukuvimbela ukuvela kwesifo esinjalo, kuyadingeka ukunisela i-violet nge-fundozole ngezikhathi ezithile. Izitshalo ezithintekile zasendlini kufanele ziphathwe ngama-fungicides, zisuse zonke izimbali ezomile nezindawo ezibolile.
Ukubola okumpunga
Uma kunguhlaka lwe-violet inhlanganisela efiphele ye-brownish-grey hue isisungule izinqubo, izimbali namaqabunga, khona-ke lokhu kubonisa ukuvela kwesikhunta se-botritis. Isifo esinjalo ngesikhathi esifushane siyakwazi ukumboza yonke imbali, kuholele ekufeni kwayo. Ukubola okumpunga kuvame ukungena ngaphakathi kanye nemfucumfucu yezitshalo enhlabathini. Uyashesha ukuthelela ezinye izitshalokanye nezinhlamvu zesikhunta se-botritis zingatholakala kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi umhlaba kufanele ube yiqhwa kufriji bese uchithwa ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate.
Ukuvimbela lezo zinkinga, kuyadingeka ukuthi ususe ngokushesha izingxenye ezinsundu ze-Saintpaulia, bese ufaka isikhunta ezimbalini ezithintekile. Ungagcini izitshalo ezibolile, kufanele ziphonswe masinyane kanye nenhlabathi. Njengesinyathelo sokuvimbela, ungazigcwalisi i-Uzumbar violet ngamanzi, ngaphandle kwalokho ungavumeli ukweqa okushisa okubukhali.
Ukugqwala
Lesi sifo sama-violets sibangelwa isikhunta sokugqwala. Uma isitshalo sithintekile nokugqwala, khona-ke kuzinhlangothi zombili zeqabunga kuvela izigaxa ezinombala ophuzi. Ukuvuthisa izinsalela zalesi isikhunta, amanzi amancane emaqabungeni akwanele, kanye ne-microclimate efudumele futhi efudumele egumbini.
Kepha khumbula ukuthi amabala asemashidini ama-violets awona njalo uphawu lwesifo. Amachashazi aphuzi angavela kulesi simila uma emi endaweni engakhululekile. Ukukhanya okungakwanele, okubhalwe phansi nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kuvame ukuholela kwizimbobo nokuphuzi kwamaqabunga.
Ngokweqile komanyolo kuphuzi kwamaqabunga kuyabonakala, ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi ubheka ukulingana ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kokugqoka okuphezulu kwama-violets, futhi unamathele eselulekweni sochwepheshe bezolimo ekusebenziseni kwabo.
