Kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingama-100 zama-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izindawo zemvelo zokukhula zazo okuyiYurophu, i-Asia, i-Afrika kanye neNyakatho Melika. Ku-CIS, bazi kahle ngezakhi ezinenzuzo zamajikijolo wesitshalo se-blueberry, ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinikezwe ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobo zama-blueberries
I-Blueberry (yena - myrtle) kuvamile engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia, iSiberia, neCaucasus. Imvamisa, ikhava lezimila ihlathi elinobubanzi obujwayelekile noma elihlanganisiwe liqukethe kakhulu izihlahla zalo ukusuka ku-15 kuye ku-40 cm ubude, ngamagatsha aluhlaza, amahlamvu aluhlaza oyindilinga (imiphetho yamaqabunga i-serrate-toothed) kanye namajikijolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka omnyama onesilinganiso esingu-6-10. mm ukuvuthwa kusuka ngoJulayi kuya kuSepthemba.
Isilo amahlathi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka Kunzima kakhulu ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zensimu, okubangelwa ukuzwela okuqinile kwezimpande zayo ukuya kokufakelwa nezidingo eziphakeme zezimo zokuboshwa, ngakho-ke, ikakhulukazi, izithelo zayo zivunwa emahlathini.
Futhi lapha ingadi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuyisihlobo esiseduze sama-blueberries aqhamuka emahlathini aseYurophu futhi, ngakho-ke, kuyafana ngokunambitheka kuwo, kunalokho, kuthuthukiswa kahle esakhiweni esivandeni, akuyona into efuna kakhulu futhi ithela kakhulu.
Inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zama-blueberries engadini bayakwazi ukwanelisa noma yikuphi ukunambitheka. Enye edume kakhulu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - ukuvuthwa maphakathi noJulayi. Kuboniswa ngezithelo ezinkulu (ezifika ku-3 amagremu) izithelo ezinomnandi weviniga ngokunambitheka okumbala okuncane, uthele kuze kube yi-9 kg ngesihlahla ngasinye, ukumelana nokubanda (kuze kufike ku-34 ℃), ukubumbana nokuqina (amamitha ayi-1,2-2).
Ibanga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka herbertukhule enyakatho yeRussian Federation, uza ngezithelo maphakathi nehlobo. Inezithelo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezihlanganiswa ngokuhlanganiswa okumpunga, ezinkulu nezincane. Izithelo eziphakeme kanye nobusika obunzima bugubuzelwe iqiniso lokuthi ezinye izinhlobo kumele zitholakale ukuze zingcoliswe izinhlobonhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, Chandler noma luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bese ubalahla ngamamitha amathathu esihlahleni.
Blueberry Spartan
Kunqunywa ukukhula okukhulu (okufika ku-5 amagremu) amajikijolo ngokuvuthwa ngo-Agasti, futhi kuvelise okufana nalokho kwe-bluecrop - kuze kufike ku-9 kg ngesihlahla ngasinye. Amakati ngokwawo nawo acwebile, afinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 ukuphakama, futhi ukumelana kwawo nesithwathwa kukhuphuke kakhulu - kufinyelela -40 ℃.
Okwebanga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nelson izinkathi zokuvuthwa ezifika sekwephuzile (izinsuku eziyi-8-14 emva kwe-bluecrop) zivamile, ukukhula okuqinile kwesihlahla futhi kukhulu, kucishe kufane neSpartan, amajikijolo ayindilinga anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukumelana nesithwathwa nakho kuphakeme - kufika ku -29 ℃.
Blueberry Caucasian ezintabeni zaseCaucasus ikhuphuka ifinyelele kubude obuyi-1-2 km, emboza umhlaba ongaphezulu kwamahlathi e-beech nama-oki. Lolu hlobo luphakeme kakhulu kunolokuqala - amamitha ayi-2-3, futhi lunamajikijolo amakhulu avuthwa kuze kube ngu-Agasti, kuyilapho inani lokudla okunempilo kwamajikijolo alezi zinhlobo zombili liqhathaniswa. Izithelo minyaka yonke futhi ngobuningi, kepha azifani kubusika bebusika.
Blueberry sunberry efulelwe eCanada futhi, njengezinhlobo ezichazwe ngaphambilini zama-blueberries, yisiko elineminyaka engu-1. Ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-1.5 futhi inamajikijolo amakhulu kunalawo amajikijolo ajwayelekile (aqhathaniswa ngosayizi nama-cherries amancane).
Ukusuka esihlahleni esisodwa se-blueberries enjalo, ungaqoqa kuze kufike ku-12 kg wesilimo ngonyaka! Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le nhlobonhlobo isaziwa kancane eRussia, isinda ngokuphelele esimweni sezulu sethu, ngaphandle kokubangela izinkinga zokulima endaweni ephakathi yeRussian Federation. Ibhekana neqhwa lasebusika futhi inika isivuno esiningi, noma ngabe isimo sezulu sinzima.
Blueberry okusaqanda iqabunga sikhula ePrimorye, esiqhingini saseSakhalin, iziqhingi zaseKuril, sikhetha amahlathi anobuhlakani futhi axutshwe, kwesinye isikhathi, sakhe izihlahla ezinkulu zamamitha ayi-3-4 ukuphakama. Le-Blueberry ikhula kancane, ngonyaka inezela kuphela u-1.5-3 cm futhi ayikwazi ukuqhakaza, iba nobunzima obujwayelekile bebusika.
Ukutshala nokunakekela ingadi ye-Blueberry
Izindatshana ezichazwe ekuqaleni yizinhlobonhlobo zasengadini zama-blueberries (i-blucrop, UHerbert nokunye) kudingeka sikhule, silandela imithetho ekhethekile yokunakekelwa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokufika. Noma yikuphi kwalokhu okucatshangwe ngonyaka kufanele kutshalwe ekwindla (ngokuphelele ngo-Okthoba), bese ehlobo elilandelayo banikeze isivuno.
Lapho ukutshala, cabanga indawo - kufanele kube yilanga, ngoba ngokuntuleka kokushisa amajikijolo aba yi-acidic, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, uma kunesidingo, anombala.
Kufanele kufakwe emigodini enobubanzi obungu-150 cm nobubanzi obungama-60 cm. I-peat ekwabelaniswa ngayo kuxutshaniswa nenqwaba yokuphumela kwenhlabathi ebunjiwe ku-2: 1. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxube inganikezwa ngesibabule sempuphu sokwenza i-acidization.
Endabeni yenhlabathi esindayo, kunconywa futhi ukufaka amaqabunga e-oki abolile nesihlabathi somfula ngamanani amancane.
Ibanga lokushintshanisa phakathi kwezithombo kufanele libe ngamamitha ayi-1.5 (kulungisiwe ngezici zokutshala kuka-Herbert cultivars kukhonjiswe ngenhla). Ukutshala izitshalo, gxilisa umhlabathi, umboza ngesendlalelo se-mulch namanzi kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba amahlumela okuqala avele, linda isikhathi esifushane - amasonto angama-2-3.
I-Chokeberry nayo iyisithelo esisebenza kakhulu nesithelo se-berry, esitshalwa kalula lapho sitshala futhi sinakekela emhlabathini ovulekile, sibheka ama-nuances amaningana. Ungathola zonke izincomo ezidingekayo kule ndatshana.
Ukunisela aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Ukuswakama kwenhlabathi okuhlala njalo kuyiphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu! Kanye ngenyanga ngemuva kokutshala, ama-blueberries ayaniselwa kusetshenziswa isisombululo se-acidified citric acid. Ukwakheka kwalesixazululo kufaka amalitha ayi-10 amanzi ne-1 ithisipuni “lemons”.
Ukunisela ngamanzi ajwayelekile kufanele kwenziwe njalo njalo lapho umhlaba uhlala umswakama ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Umanyolo we-Blueberry
Ama-blueberries engadi adinga ukondliwa ngazo zombili umanyolo wamaminerali ngokuya nge-chlorine (kanye ngesizini) kanye ne-organic (isikhathi esingu-1, ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokutshala kwekwindla).
Ngokuvamile, indlela enhle yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yenhlabathi yama-blueberries kubhekwa njengokukhululeka kokuzungeza isihlahla ngokuhlanganiswa kwesendlalelo sokhuni (hhayi ngaphezu kuka-10 cm). I-Sawdust ixubene nobubanzi bengaphezulu lomhlabathi, obuthinta kahle amandla ayo wokugcina umswakama. Ukusulwa okujulile akunconyelwanga ukugwema ukulimala ohlelweni lwezimpande olungeyona nhlobo.
Ama-Blueberries ebusika
Ama-blueberries engadi adinga ukushisa okuningi njengama-currants, futhi avikelekile ngokulinganayo emazingeni okushisa aphansi ebusika.
Ngokuqondene nalokhu, kanye nokuqhakaza kwezimbali okusahamba kancane (kusuka engxenyeni yesi-2 kaMeyi), ukulimala okuvela ekuqandeni kwentwasahlobo entwasahlobo akukubi kuye.
Ukukhula ngama-blueberries kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Kungenzeka ukusabalalisa i-berry ngembewu nokusikwa. Esimweni sokuqala, imbewu ikhishwa ngokuchoboza izithelo ngeminwe yakho bese ishiywe ukuze ome. Ngemuva kokubekwa esitsheni esigcwele ingxube yomhlaba kanye ne-peat (ngokulingana, njengasemhlabeni ovulekile - 2: 1).
Lapho izithombo zikhula futhi ziqina, zitshalwa esakhiweni. Ngezinhloso zokuzalela, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa izithelo eziqandisiwe, ezihlangabezana nohlobo oluthile lokuqeqeshwa kwasebusika kumakhaza.
Ukusakazeka kwama-blueberries ngokusika
Kokusika kuzodingeka amagatsha adinga ukutshalwa ku-peat. Ukhula lwenqanaba kufanele kwenzeke ngaphansi kwesembozo sefilimu.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwale nqubo, isiqu sidluliselwa kwisiza. Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele ukwenze entwasahlobo, ngoba ama-blueberries kufanele ebusika.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Zonke izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zama-blueberries (kufaka phakathi nayo yonke ingadi) ngokungajwayelekile. Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka fungal, ezifana amabala amhlophe, ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza kwezimbali nangemva kokuqedwa kwayo, izihlahlana ziphathwa ngezixazululo ezikhanyayo zemikhiqizo equkethe yethusi.
Kepha-ke izinyoniukuthululela ezithelo ezingavuthiwe kungadala ukulimala okukhulu kwesitshalo. Lokhu kungagwenywa ngokumboza izihlahla ngenetha le-nylon elincanyana ngemigqa emincane efakwe ohlakeni lwamapulangwe. Ngendlela, ama-blueberries engadi avela ekubukeni kwemvelo abuye ahlukaniswe ngokungabikho komunyu kumajikijolo, yize kungekho mavithamini amancane kuwo.
Blueberries izakhiwo ewusizo futhi contraindication
Izici ezinenzuzo zama-blueberries ziyenza ibe omunye wemikhiqizo engcono kakhulu yokuthuthukisa umbono. Futhi inamavithamini amaningi, ikakhulukazi i-C, P kanye nalawo eqembu B. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwakamuva luveze umphumela osebenzayo wokudla kwe-blueberry ekhonweni layo lokumelana nezimpawu zokuguga, njengokulahlekelwa inkumbulo, ubuthakathaka bemisipha nomsebenzi obonakalayo.
Umhluzi we-Blueberry
Ngezinhloso zokwelapha, zombili izithelo namajikijolo asetshenziswa. Ukusuka kumagremu angama-50 amajikijolo omisiwe kanye nama-500 ml wamanzi, ungalungisa i-decoction futhi uphuze usuku lonke ukuvikela okuvamile.
Isikhumba se-Blueberry
Ukufakwa kwamacembe ama-blueberry kusiza ukubhekana namatshe ezinso - 1 isipuni samakhambi owomile siphekwe emlilweni omnene isigamu sehora, bese siyapholishwa, sihlungiwe bese sithathwa ekuseni nakusihlwa engilazini yokuqala.
Izici zokuphulukisa ze-blueberries maqondana nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezibonakalayo zibangelwa ukuba khona kwezithelo zama-polyphenols ama-anthocyanins, okuthi, njengoba kufakwa imibala imibala, kunika izithelo umbala ofanele. Umphumela walezi zihlanganisi emzimbeni womuntu uvezwa ngokwanda kwe-visual acuity, ukubuyiselwa kwezindlela zokuvikela izicubu nokwandisa ukuzwela kwazo.
Itiye le-Blueberry
Ukwenza ngcono umbono, ochwepheshe balule ukusebenzisa okungenani amagremu ama-50 wezithelo ze-blueberry nsuku zonke kwifomu elisha noma elomile noma njengengxenye yetiye. Itiye lizodinga amagremu ayi-100 amajikijolo omisiwe - athululelwa nge-1 litre lamanzi abandayo, abilisiwe ekushiseni okuphakathi imizuzu engu-10, bese efakwa, ahlungiwe futhi aphuzwe imizuzu engama-60, engeza ulamula, ushukela noma uju.
Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi itiye lihle ngombono, kunconywa nabanesifo sikashukela njenge-anti-inflammatory kanye ne-diuretic.
I-Blueberry pie
Akukhona ukuthi i-blueberry kuphela enempilo, njengoba wazi, futhi inambitha, esetshenziswa ngempumelelo ekuphekeni. I-Blueberry pie ingenye yobufakazi obuqandayo kulokhu. Kokubili amajikijolo amasha futhi afriziwe amlungele.
In uhlu oludingekayo ngokwenza inhlama izithako (ngesimo esinobubanzi obungu-20 cm) faka:
- 250 amagremu kafulawa kakolweni
- Amagremu ayi-150 ebhotela,
- 2 wezipuni ushukela oluyimpuphu,
- 1 isikhupha seqanda
- 3 wezipuni zamanzi eqhwa,
- ingcosana kasawoti.
Ukwakheka kokugcwaliswa kufaka:
- 500 amagremu we-blueberries,
- 1 apula
- Amagremu ayi-150 kashukela
- isigamu selamula (ujusi kanye ne-zest),
- uhhafu wezipuni zesinamoni,
- 2 wezipuni of isitashi amazambane.
Silungisa inhlama eprosesa lokudla, sisebenzisa i- “iron ummese” i-nozzle - sula ufulawa, singeza ufulawa nosawoti, sikhanyise iprosesa imizuzwana eyi-10-15, engeza ibhotela elisikiwe ku-cubes amancane kusuka esiqandisini, hlikihla ibhotela kufulawa lube yimvuthuluka emincane, engeza iqanda leqanda hlanganisa.
Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho inhlanganisela icishiwe, engeza amanzi eqhwa (inani layo lingase lihluke ngokuya ngofulawa, kubalulekile ukuthola isigaxa esimanzi esivumelana nomphumela). Siqoqa inhlama eqediwe esigaxeni, siyisonge ngefilimu bese siyidlulisela esiqandisini okungenani imizuzu engama-60.
Ilungiselela ukugcwaliswa:
Isikhathi sokupheka sokugcwalisa - thatha i-saucepan ejulile, lapho sihlanganisa khona ama-blueberries noshukela (usadinga ukufaka amanzi amancane kuma-blueberries amasha), bese uletha i-surrogate kubilise ukushisa okuphansi.
Ngenkathi ukufudumeza, sihlikihla i-apula sisebenzisa i-grater eyi-coarse, bese sengeza i-grated kuma-blueberries ngokushukumisa. Ngemuva kwalokhu, sinikezela ngempumelelo ukugcwaliswa kwezakhi zalamula, isinamoni nesitashi kufakwe emanzini abandayo (70-100 ml), sikuvuse konke.
Ngemuva kokubilisa, shiya ingxube ibilungele imizuzu eyi-10 - kufanele ibe lukhuni. Ngemuva kokugcwalisa, udinga ukukhipha emlilweni futhi ukuyeke kuphole.
Umhlobiso wepayi:
Siqhubeka nokwakhiwa kwephayi ye-blueberry: hlukanisa inhlama ibe izingxenye ezi-2, ezihlanganisa i-2/3 ne-1/3 yevolumu isiyonke bese sikhipha leyo enkulukazi ibe ububanzi obudlula kancane ubukhulu besikhunta, esingama-5mm ubukhulu. Sibeka futhi silinganise inhlama ngendlela, sinqume izingcezu ezingeqile emaphethelweni, bese siyigcwalisa ngokugcwalisa okuye kwaba nesikhathi sokuphola ngokuphelele.
Ukusuka ezikhungweni nasezingxenyeni ezincane zenhlama, kuhlanganiswe ndawonye, sikhipha ungqimba bese siwunqamula ube yimichilo engu-1-2 cm ububanzi. Bazosebenza ukuhlanganisa ithanga phezulu kwepayi, okulula ukulenza uma ulibeka ebangeni elifanayo ukusuka komunye nomunye, lilingana nobubanzi bebhande ngalinye, bese uphakamisa ezilinganayo nezingathandeki, ubeke umgwaqo osele ngaphezulu. Sika izingxenye ezingaphezulu zenhlama, cindezela iziphetho zemichilo kwisisekelo bese usetha ikhekhe ukubhaka imizuzu engama-40 ekushiseni okungu-180 ℃ kuze kuqhume ingqubu. Ikhekhe lihle kakhulu ngesimo efudumele futhi lipholile.
Ijamu le-Blueberry
Ukwenza ujamu we-blueberry, udinga u-1 kg wezithelo no-1.5 kg kashukela. Sithambisa futhi somisa ama-blueberries, sixove nge-blender exutshwe noshukela, bese siwafaka ezitsheni ezifakwe inzalo bese siwafaka esiqandisini ukuze sigcinwe.
Ijam enjalo igcina zonke izinzuzo zemvelo zamajikijolo, ngoba awazange anikezwe ukuphathwa ukushisa.
I-Blueberry compote
Ungapheka izithelo ezidliwayo, uhlanganise nama-700 amagremu ama-blueberries, amagremu angama-300 wesiraphu kashukela (35%) bese unezela ilitha elilodwa lamanzi kulokhu.
Iresiphi ilula: amajikijolo ayagezwa, athululelwa emithini, athelwe ngesiraphu evuthayo, avaliwe futhi abekwe emazingeni okushisa angama-85 ℃ (isigamu selitha lamathini imizuzu engu-15, amathini angama-20 litre).
Blueberry Muffins
Izithako:
- ufulawa kakolweni (amagremu ayi-150),
- ibhotela (amagremu angama-70),
- izikhupha zamaqanda (3),
- ukhilimu omuncu (amagremu angama-30),
- ushukela (50-70 amagremu),
- isitashi sommbila (amagremu angama-30),
- i-baking powder (5 amagremu),
- amajikijolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (amagremu ayi-100).
Kuyadingeka ukugaya ushukela, ukhilimu omuncu kanye nama-yolks, hlanganisa lezi zinto ukuze izinhlayiya ezincane zincibilike. Ngaphambi kokuncibilikisa ucezu lwamafutha, luyeke lipholile kancane, bese uthelela engxube echazwe ngenhla, uqhubeke nokuwunyakazisa.
Iqhutshwe ngaphansi kwamanzi abandayo, yomile futhi yabekwa ungqimba olulodwa ethawula, izithelo sezikulungele ukugcotshwa ngesitashi sommbila. Amajikijolo asetshenzisiwe afakwa esitsheni kanye nengxube, govuza ngobumnene, athambise ufulawa nge-baking powder. Ukuvunguza kuyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho insimbi iba bushelelezi, sisusa kanyekanye izigaxa eziphumayo.
Gcwalisa izitsha ezihlukaniswe ngesigamu. Ukubhaka kwenzeka eshidini lokubhaka kuhhavini ukufuthelwe ekushiseni kwe-180 ℃ imizuzu engaba ngu-25. Ngaphambi kokukhonza, fafaza i-sifted powder kufulawa ngalinye le-muffin - isitsha sikulungile.
I-Blueberry Wine
I-Blueberry iwayini idinga amalitha ayi-4,5 wamanzi afudumele, ama-3 kg amajikijolo, cishe ama-2 kg kashukela (ubumnandi be wayini eseqediwe kuncike ngobuningi bawo) namathani ayi-300 oju (kutuswa ukusebenzisa izimbali ezimibalabala noma i-linden).
Silungiselela ama-blueberries, ukugeza, ukomisa nokunciphisa izithelo zawo. Sihlanganisa yonke into esitsheni esingamalitha ayi-10, engeza amalitha amathathu amanzi afudumele bese sibopha intamo nge-gauze. Izinsuku ezi-4 umkhumbi kufanele ume ngaphakathi endlini ekushiseni kwegumbi 20-25 ℃, khona-ke uketshezi kufanele luhlungwe.
Okulandelayo, sifaka ushukela noju ku-1.5 amalitha amanzi afudumele bese sihlanganisa iziphuzo ezi-2 ezitholakala esitsheni esihlanzekile. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwelokhi lwamanzi, iwayini lishiyelwa ukuba livuthwe ekushiseni izinsuku ezingama-25-30. Ngemuva kwalokho ithululelwa ngaphandle kokudilizela esitsheni esihlanzekile, iphindwe ngesivalo samanzi bese, kulokhu, ifakwa kokupholile izinsuku ezingama-60.
Lapho isikhathi sifika, usebenzisa i-siphon, chitha leli wayini, uhlukanise i-precipitate kulo, ulithululele emabhodleleni, okufanele avalwe futhi agcinwe endaweni evundlile. Ukulondolozwa, kungcono ukhethe igumbi elimnyama, elomile, elibandayo.
Blueberry Pies
Ama-Blueberry pie nawo alungile. Ukuze ubalungiselele udinga:
- 500 amagremu kafulawa kakolweni
- Amagremu ama-30 wemvubelo
- 1 ingilazi yamanzi
- Iqanda eli-1
- Amagremu angama-50 kafulawa wobisi
- 2 wezipuni ushukela wezithelo
- Amagremu angama-80 kawoyela sunflower,
- 2 wezipuni zesitashi amazambane,
- 1 kg yama-blueberries.
Bopha inhlama njengenjwayelo, linda kuze kuphakame, bese ugoqa ama-roll angama-20. Ngemuva kokuvela kwama-buns, senza ikhefu eliyisicaba kuwo, esiligcwalisa ngamajikijolo.
Futhi, silinda ukuthi amaphayi asukume, uwagcobe emaphethelweni neqanda noma iyogathi bese ufaka kuhhavini, ukufuthelwe ku-200-225 ℃, ubhake imizuzu eyi-10-15.
