Umsedari waseSiberia, noma njengoba ubizwa nangokuthi - uphayini waseSiberia - ungumuthi omkhulu omuhle onomqhele oqinile njalo. Ngokwendawo, lo muthi ukhula eNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga yeSiberia, e-Urals, futhi utholakala eNyakatho China naseMongolia. Iphiniga yaseSiberia ikubekezelela ngokuphelele ukungabikho kokukhanya, ngakho-ke kubhekwa njengesihlahla esibekezelela umthunzi. Ulungisa inhlabathi nge-drainage enhle, kuze kube yilapho ilula ngokwakhiwa, i-loam sandy emanzi futhi i-loamy.
Ngesikhathi sesomiso, umsedari waseSiberia uthanda ukuthambisa kanzima futhi ufafaza imiqhele emincane ngamanzi. Ngokuvamile, lo muthi omangalisayo uthathwa njengesibindi eside, iqiniso elithokozisayo ukuthi kuze kube iminyaka engama-80 umsedari waseSiberia udla ngokuqinile emswakama osuka enhlabathini, ngemuva kweminyaka engama-80 inqubo yokubuyisa emuva iyenzeka, iyabuyisa. Ukuphakama komsedari waseSiberia kungafinyelela kumamitha angamashumi amane nanhlanu. Ngokuqondene nokuphila isikhathi eside, isihlahla singaphila iminyaka engamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili. Amaphayini aseSiberia atshalwa ngokuvamile ngezithombo; ukuhlwanyelwa kwez imbewu nakho kuyathandwa kakhulu.
Umsedari waseSiberia ungowomuthi womndeni wompayini obhula njalo. Ububanzi besiqu salo muthi omangalisayo bungafinyelela kumamitha amabili, kukhona amasampula anesilinganiso esikhulu.
Umsedari waseSiberia ungumnikazi ojabulayo womqhele omuhle, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izihloko ezimbalwa. Esiqwini sesihlahla esinombala onsundu grey, kukhona amafindo aminyene. Izihlahla zeminyaka esezikhulile zimbozwe ngamagxolo aqhekekile, okubonakala ukuthi kukhona esikalini esinolaka. Izinaliti zomsedari zithambile, ziluhlaza okotshani futhi zimbozwe ngothinta grey. Ubude bezinaliti bungafinyelela amasentimitha ayi-15, basesixukwini sezingcezu ezinhlanu.
Imisedari yaseSiberia ingabikwa ngokuphephile ngezinhlobo zezihlahla ezikhula kancane kancane. Isikhathi sayo sokukhula sifushane kakhulu, azikho izinsuku ezingama-50 ngonyaka. Ngokuqondene nohlelo lwempande lomsedari, luthakazelisa kakhulu futhi lumelela okulandelayo: impande yomsuka omfishane (40-50 cm) enezimpande eziseceleni ezinwabuzelayo kude nalo, emaphethelweni lapho kukhona khona izinwele zezimpande ezincane. Izimpande zesikhunta noma i-mycorrhiza zingakhula kulezi zinwele. Uma izimo zomhlaba zinhle, okungukuthi, zikhanya ngohlelo oluhle lwamanzi, khona-ke izimpande ze-anchor ezinamandla kakhulu, ezifinyelela kumamitha amathathu ngokujula, zithola konke okudingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe empandeni yezimpande. Yizo, futhi nezimpande zeziyingi, ezibhekele ukuqina kwesihlahla sonke.
Izimpawu kanye nembewu yomsedari waseSiberia
Imisedari yaseSiberia noma iphayini yaseSiberia idume “ngamantongomane” awo, ngamanye amagama, imbewu. Lokhu kuchazwe kabanzi. Umsedari waseSiberia ungowezitshalo ezingama-dioecious monoecious. Izigaxa zabesilisa nabesifazane zalo muthi zihlala kahle endaweni efanayo yokuphila. Lezi zesilisa zigxiliwe phansi kwesisekelo sehlumela, izintokazi zona zisezithebeni zehlumela lokukhula, eduze kwezinso. Amahlumela umoya. Isimo sezinso siguqekile.
Izigaxa ezivuthiwe zikhulu kakhulu ngosayizi okufika kumasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu, ngenkathi ngobubanzi zingakhula zibe ngamasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili. Izigaxa ezisencane zinombala onsomi, kancane kancane ziba nsundu ngokuguga, kuthi ekuqaleni zifane neqanda ngesimo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zithole ukwakheka kwe-rhomboid. Izikali zesigaxa zicindezelwe kakhulu, ukuze zikhule ngokugcwele, zidinga izinyanga eziyishumi nanhlanu.
Imbewu yemisedari yaseSiberia ngokwayo inesimo esingama-ovoid futhi amasayizi amakhulu: ubude nesentimitha ubude nobukhulu amasentimitha, umbala wabo umnyama, usondele onsundu. Lezi zikhulu ziqala ukuthela izithelo eminyakeni engaba ngu-60 yokuphila, ngokumangazayo, ikakhulukazi uma ziqhathaniswa nomjikelezo wokuphila komuntu noma wesilwane.
Ukutshala nokunakekela umsedari wephayini waseSiberia
Ukhula umsedari waseSiberia kungenzeka. Lesi sitshalo sidinga i-potassium supplement eqinile. Kepha i-nitrogen enhlabathini inomphumela omubi ekuthuthukisweni kwezimpande. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabalingani bayo abahlukanisayo nabanqabayo, umsedari waseSiberia mncane awuhlukaniswa ukukhula okusebenzayo. Imvamisa, ukutshala komsedari kugcwele i-aspen, i-birch, ne-spruce. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka, ngesikhathi ukwenza "ukhula". Kungcono ukutshala umsedari esivulekile futhi kude nezihlahla zomsayiphu, ezithanda ukuhlala emthunzini womqhele osakazekayo womsedari.
Ngokumangazayo, imisedari ibukeka yinhle ngemisipha, kodwa lapha kubalulekile ukubheka imiphumela eyingozi yamuva ekukhuleni kwanoma yimuphi womakhelwane bayo. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukugcina ibanga lapho utshala lezi zihlahla nge-ensemble evamile.
Ngaphambi kokutshala imisedari yaseSiberia, kubalulekile ukulungiselela nokubala konke kusengaphambili. Kungcono ukumaka kuqala insimu ukuze unikeze indawo efanele izihlahla, ochwepheshe batusa ukugcina ibanga okungenani lamamitha ayi-9.
Imisedari yaseSiberia isatshalaliswa ngokuphelele yizithombo, futhi kungcono ukuthenga lezo ezazitshalwe ezitsheni. Izithombo ezinjalo zihlukaniswa uhlelo lonke lwezimpande olungaphazanyiswa, zinezimpande ngokuphelele futhi ziqala ukukhula ngokufanele ngonyaka olandelayo emva kokutshala.
Lapho ufaka kusuka esitsheni, kubalulekile ukunaka izimpande. Imvamisa zisonteke kakhulu, kufanele ziqondiswe ngokucophelela bese zibekwa ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile emgodini wokufika ukuze ugweme ukusonteka noma ukugoba. Uma umhlaba usinda kakhulu ngokwakhiwa, udinga ukwengeza isihlabathi lapho. Izithombo azidingi udoti, njengoba izimuncagazi zingaphila kuzo, ezingaphazamisi ukonakalisa i-mycorrhiza yezimpande.
Umsedari waseSiberia udinga ukugcoba inhlabathi ukuze kulondolozwe izinga eliphezulu lokuzala kwesihlahla futhi kunikeze umoya omncane wemvelo umoya ophakeme ongaphezulu. I-mulch isindisa isihlahla ekuqandeni phakathi nesikhathi ngamazinga aphansi okushisa (ebusika), sigcina umswakama lapho sikhula umsedari emiseleni yesihlabathi elula. I-mulch yengezwa njalo ngonyaka ukwenza kusebenze ukukhula kwezimpande ezingaphansi, ngenxa yokuthi umuthi ukhula.
Izifo zemisedari yaseSiberia nezinambuzane
Njengezinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla, umsedari waseSiberia awunawo amagciwane nezilokazane. Umthombo oyingozi omkhulu wezithombo ezincane zomsedari ngamabhungane amabhungane, ikakhulukazi ama-chalcograph. Lapho nje kufika ukushisa kwentwasahlobo, lezi zinambuzane ezingabekezeleleki zindiza kanye nazo. AmaCalcographs athola isihlahla somsedari esibuthakathaka futhi esibuhlungu kunazo zonke ngephunga bese eqala ukugaya izindlwana ngaphansi kwegxolo. Lapho kamuva izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda, okuvela kuzo izibungu. Ngenxa yalokhu, izicubu zegxolo lesihlahla ziyafa, okungaholela ekufeni kwesihlahla sonke. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba umlimi angaphuthelwa isikhathi lapho lezi zinambuzane ziqala ukuhlaselwa kwazo. Ukuthola ukuthi inkathazo isihlalile esihlahleni ilula: kwakhiwa izimbobo esiqwini sesihlahla ngamaconsi e-resin, njengomuthi womsedari ekhalayo. Akulula ukuvikela isihlahla kulezi zinambuzane, kungcono ukuphathisa lo msebenzi kochwepheshe.
Imisedari enamandla nayo ibekwa engcupheni yiziqhwaga zaseSiberia. Lesi sinambuzane sithambisa amajusi esihlahleni, sinciphisa ukukhula futhi sithinte kabi izimfanelo zokuhlobisa. Lesi sinambuzane siyingozi hhayi kuphela kwizithombo, kodwa futhi nasezihlahleni zabantu abadala. Ngaphandle, ama-hermes afana ne-fluff emboza izinaliti kanye namagxolo esihlahla. Ukukhula kwezinwele ezimhlophe kwe-hermes kudala ubunzima obukhulu ekulweni nayo. Vimbela izidakamizwa ekufinyeleleni emgomeni - umzimba wesinambuzane, ukuzivikela kwawo ngokwemvelo. Iqiniso elithokozisayo ukuthi akuwona kuphela izinambuzane ngokwazo, kodwa futhi namaqanda abekwa yizinsikazi embozwe ngalezi zikhula ezinamandla. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuliwe nalezi zilwanyana ezihuquzelayo, izidakamizwa ezisebenza ngojusi wesihlahla uqobo ziyadingeka.
Ngaphezu kwezinambuzane ezihlaselayo, imisedari engeyinhle itholakala kalula ezifweni eziyenza ibe nzima kakhulu impilo yalesi sitshalo futhi ingaholela ekufeni kwayo. Isifo esivame kakhulu ukugqwala kwenaliti. Ubonakala ezinkathini ezifudumele nezinomswakama. Lesi sifo sisheshe sivele, izici zayo ezihlukile zingama-bubble e-orange-ophuzi ezinalwaneni, ezisikhumbuza umbala wokugqwala. Lapho zikhula, ama-vesicles aphenduka abe yimpuphu, eqinisweni izinhlamvu zesikhunta ezithinta izinaliti. Ngenxa yalomphumela ongemuhle wezinaliti, umbozwa ngezindawo ezigqwala bese ufa, uwele. Ukuvimbela ukwenzeka kwalesi sifo, kunconywa ukhula komakhelwane abaseduze nomphimbo kanye ne-coltsfoot, kanye nabanye abamele izimbali lapho ingxenye yemjikelezo wokuphila kokugqwala iba khona futhi idlule.
Ukugqwala kwe-Bubble kanye nomdlavuza wokudubula kungenye yokutheleleka okuyingozi kukaphayini waseSiberia. Isikhunta esiyingozi sokulimaza sibangela lezi zilonda, futhi ziphathwa kabi. Ukugcina isihlahla esimweni sokutheleleka kungenzeka kuphela esigabeni sokuqala. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuvikeleke izifo kuphayini waseSiberia, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa okufika ngesikhathi okwenzelwe ukuqinisa uhlelo lwezimpande kanye nemithi elwa nengcindezelo kufanele kusetshenziswe.
Ngakho-ke, lo muthi omuhle onamandla, empeleni, ungumntwana omncane odinga iso neso. Ngokunakekelwa nokunakekelwa okufanele, lesi sihlahla singawujabulisa umndeni ezizukulwaneni eziningi, kodwa kuwufanele. Imisedari yaseSiberia iyimidondoshiya emide ehlala isikhathi eside eyakhiwe ngokwemvelo ukuze imangaze abantu ngobuhle bayo, izindatshana kanye nezakhiwo eziwusizo, ezifakwe emoyeni eduze kwabo, uwoyela okhishwe ezitsheni zawo, nezithelo uqobo, eziphethe izindawo ezinhle ezibalulekile.
