Lesi sihlahla singesokuhlangana kwe-genus, umndeni we-birch, unamagama amaningana. I-Alder imnyama, inamathele, i-European (Alnus glutinosa). Kuvela i-alder evela eYurophu. Lesi sitshalo sinezithombe eziningi, kodwa futhi sibekezelela isithunzi kahle. Inhlabathi ithanda evundile, yomiswe kahle. Prefers ukuthambisa okuningi. Ikhula ibe ngamamitha angama-35 futhi ingahlala iminyaka eyikhulu. Etshalwe ngembewu.
Ukuchazwa kwe-alder emnyama
Umuthi onqenqemeni uphakeme impela, ngesinye isikhathi uvalwe ngama-multi. Amagxolo esihlahla esidala cishe acishe abe mnyama; esithelweni esincane, asinsundu, kodwa amnyama impela.
Amaqabunga e-alder emnyama ehlukile, aluhlaza okombala ngombala, anomumo ovundlile noma oyindilinga onendawo engenhla, enamathelayo, ecwebezelayo.
I-Alder inezimbali ezinhle kakhulu ezakha amacici. Ziqhakaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nangokushesha kunamaqabunga. Isikhathi sonke sokukhula nokuthuthuka kwesihlahla inqubo yokubeka amacici. Nge-stamens, lokhu kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezingama-5-6, endaweni ethile ukusuka kuJulayi, futhi ngeziqu zepistil - izinyanga ezi-1-2 ukusuka kuSepthemba. Kuma-pedicels, i-thyroid ekhulisiwe, ifaka izimbali ezintathu zesilisa. Ingxenye yangaphandle (i-perianth) ilula, ayi-4 notched noma ivela emaqabunga ama-4. Izinsikazi zisezithebeni zesikali, eziqukethe i-pulp eningi, futhi zihlelwe ngababili.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, izikali ziyaqina futhi zakha okuthiwa isigaxa, esifana kakhulu nezithelo ze-conifers. Izinhlobo ezimnyama zokuzala ngezinhlobo zembewu noma amahlumela ngaphezulu (amahlumela angapheli).
Izithelo ze-Alder yizigaxa ezincane ezinamaphiko amancane, kepha zingaba ngaphandle kwawo. Ekuqaleni, umbala wezithelo uluhlaza, bese uba nsundu ngombala obomvu. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa siwela ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Ebusika, izigaxa ziyavala, kuthi lapho kuqala intwasahlobo zivuleke bese imbewu ivele. Umoya ubathwala, i-meltwater nayo inomthelela ekusakazeni imbewu.
Ikhula kuphi i-alder emnyama?
Cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu ungasithola lesi sitshalo, ngaphandle kwengxenye esenyakatho. I-Asia Minor, iNyakatho Afrika kanye neNyakatho Melika nazo zilungele ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. E-Russia, i-alder ikhula engxenyeni yayo yaseYurophu.
Lesi sihlahla sithanda inhlabathi enomswakama emanzi futhi ngenxa yalokho i-alder ingahlala ibonakale osebeni lwemifula, amachibi nezinye izidumbu zamanzi. Amaxhaphozi nawo afanelekile kulesi sitshalo, kanye nenhlabathi enobumba neyimpofu, enamadwala nesihlabathi.
Ihlangana kahle nezihlahla ezinjengomlotha, i-birch, i-oki, i-linden ne-spruce. Kepha futhi kungakha amathangi ayo (i-alder) yayo. Lapho umkhuleko ukhula khona, inhlabathi ithuthukiswa nge-nitrogen.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Isikhunta se-pathogenic sohlobo lweTafrin singatheleleka esihlahleni. Isigaxa esinjalo silimaza amacici abesifazane, sibenze bakhule ngendlela yamaqabunga. Ezinye izinhlobo zamakhowe zilimaza amaqabunga, ziwafaka amabala, futhi ziyagoba.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-alder emnyama
Sekuyisikhathi eside amagxolo ezihlahla nama-cone asetshenziswa emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Ukufakwa kwegxolo kungukudalwa okuhle komuntu okusebenza njenge-antibacterial futhi anti-inflammatory. Isilinganiso esivela kumagxolo esitshalo sisiza ngokuqunjelwa, singaba amanxeba aphakeme futhi aphilise kahle amanxeba. Umuthi ovela ekuzalweni usetshenziselwa izinkinga zesisu nezamathumbu, lesi decoction sinezinto ezibuthakathaka nezokubulala amagciwane. I-tincture yamaqabunga namagxolo axosha i-bile emzimbeni, ikhulula ama-spasms nokuvuvukala.
Kungaba udayi wemvelo woboya nesikhumba. Inika ithuba lokuba ophuzi, kanye nokubomvu nokumnyama. Isinamoni itholakala ezinso. I-Alder ibhekwa njengesitshalo soju. Izinyosi, kusukela ezintweni ezi-resinous zamaqabunga kanye nemiqumbe yealder, zikhiqiza ipropolis. Amacembe omile esihlahla angondla imfuyo.
Izinkuni zomlilo omnyama ngokwazo zithambile futhi zilula, kepha futhi zintekenteke. Kusetshenziselwa ukubaza nefenisha, okusetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ze-hydraulic. Lokhu okuqukethwe okuhle kumabhokisi lapho kungagcinwa khona ukudla noma izinto zasendlini. Amalahle neminye imikhiqizo yenziwa kusuka ku-alder.
Futhi kulesi sitshalo ungathola uviniga wezinkuni namalahle ukudweba, ngoba lokhu udinga ukwenza i-distillation eyomile. I-Alder nayo ibamba iqhaza ekwenziweni kwezibhamu. Iziqu zesimo esilinganayo zisetshenziselwa uthango. Ukushisa isitofu se-Alder kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngibonga kuye, phambilini, basusa umusi omningi owanqwabelana ngamapayipi esithando somlilo. Uma ubheme le nhlanzi ku-sawdust and shavings of alder, uzothola isidlo esimnandi kakhulu. Ukugeleza kweziqu ze-alder kuyinto enhle yokuhlobisa yokuhlobisa.
Ukuqoqwa nokuvunwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingavuthiwe
Lezi zibizi okuthiwa zingaqala ukuqoqwa kusuka ngoNovemba kuya kuMashi ngonyaka olandelayo. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka, kusetshenziswa amasekhethi, ukusika ngokucophelela ukuphela kwegatsha lapho kukhona khona izigaxa futhi kuzinqume. Lezo ezinezithelo eziwe ngokwazo ezivela emagatsheni sezivele zingajwayelekile.
Izigaxa zokuvuna kumele zomiswe kahle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele zisatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo egumbini elinomoya omncane (i-Attic, ngokwesibonelo), noma ibekwe ngaphansi kwe-canopy. Uma kufudumele ngaphandle, ukomisa kungenziwa emoyeni omusha, kepha ungakhohlwa ukukhuthaza konke. Ngemuva kokumiswa kwekhwalithi, izigaxa zigcinwa iminyaka engafika kwemithathu.
