Umndeni wakwaGusset.
Lesi sitshalo sinoboya noma i-asclepias yisivakashi esingajwayelekile emasimini engadi, ngoba abalimi abaningi basithatha njengekhula, bengazi ukuthi yimaphi amathuba okwenza amalungiselelo embali yokuhlobisa abanikeze inkambiso futhi ngendlela yabo ethokozisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-asclepias ayidingi ukunakekelwa nokuqashelwa njalo, iyakwazi ukukhula ngokushesha futhi ukuqhakaza isikhathi eside. Kuvimbela ukukhula kokhula, kuqeda isidingo somgcini wegadi ukhula ensimini akhula kuyo.
Mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zembali yotshani izigwaca ezisetshenziswa engadini, nokuthi singasikhulisa kanjani lesi sitshalo, sizoxoxa ngale ndatshana.
Umsuka we-crochet
Ezasekhaya - eMelika, izinhlobo eziningana ezivela e-Afrika. Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo ezingama-80 zalesi sitshalo. Ukulima engadini, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezi-3 zonyaka wokuqala kanye nezinhlobo ezi-1 zonyaka.
Igama lesayensi ejwayelekile linikezwa igama likankulunkulu wokuphilisa u-Asclepius, noma u-Aesculapius (ngesiGreek - Asclepios, ngesiLatini - nge-Aesculapus), ngemithi yokwelapha yezinhlobo zayo. Imbewu evuthiwe yama-ovari imbozwe ngefreyimu efana nokotini, lapho igama layo laqanjwa ngayo.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, kwaba nesibambiso eYurophu ngekhulu le-17. njengesiko lobuchwepheshe futhi lasakazekela ngokushesha eFrance, eJalimane nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Kungacatshangelwa ukuthi i-swoop yasungulwa ngokushesha yangena eRussia. Ekuqaleni, imicu yezindwangu ezihlanganayo, izintambo, ukugxusha ifenisha namathoyizi athambile ayenziwa ngeziqu. Emuva kwalokho ama-crests we-quacker aya ekukhiqizweni kwefilimu, imishini yokuhlangula ehlukahlukene, ngoba empeleni ayimanzi. Izinwele ezihlanganisiwe zangezwa lapho kwenziwa usilika, ukotini, uvolo kanye nezinye izindwangu, futhi kusukela ngalezi “zingxube” zaba yinhle ngokumangalisayo, zacwebezela, izindwangu, kepha, maye, zintekenteke. Kwezinye izimo, izinwele ze-crest zazisetshenziswa esikhundleni soboya bekotini.
Incazelo yeBotanical
Ngokuya kwencazelo ye-botanical, i-quiver iyi-herb yaphakade, evame ukufika ku-2 m ukuphakama, inezinto ezilula, ezihlelelwe ukuphikiswa, amaqabunga amakhulu awugqinsi nama-oblong, acishe abe ngu-12 cm, ambozwe ongaphansi kwe-pubescence ezwayo. Ingxenye engenhla yepuleti leqabunga iluhlaza okotshani, phansi kuluhlaza okotshani. Amaqabunga anomthambo ophakathi nendawo. Amahlamvu agcinwa kwi-petiole emfushane.
Uhlelo lwezimpande luqinile, lubalulekile, futhi izinqubo zezimpande lufika ohlangothini. Isiqu sikhulu, singenalutho, siphehla ngemicu yobisi emaphethelweni aso ekuphukeni kwaso.
Izimbali zesitshalo i-Asklepias zinombala obumbili, omncane, omfushane, onamakha, obomvu, omhlophe, o-orange-lilac noma opinki-lilac. Kuqoqwe ama-inflorescence aqukethe isambulela I-Perianth enamakhasi amahlanu, iphindwe kabili. I-calyx i-dioecious. Ama-Stamens 5.
Izithelo ziyibhokisi elakhiwe ngesilokhi elinendawo egcwele umzimba, elingaba ngamasentimitha ayi-12. Kuqhuma ibhokisi elivuthiwe ngokuphelele, kanye nembewu emnyama onsundu enama-pubescence amhlophe iphuma kuyo.
Iqhakaza ngoJulayi - Agasti. Lesi sitshalo siqala ukuqhakaza eminyakeni emi-2 kuya kwemi-3 ngemuva kokutshala.
Ukubheka okuningiliziwe ngesakhiwo nombala wama-inflorescence esitshalo sesitshalo sezithelo kufanele kube esithombeni esingezansi:
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo
Ubomvu inyama ebomvu, noma umzimba (Asclepias Incarnata L.) E-USA, ibizwa nge- marsh dairy, dairy pink, marsh silk plant. Ukusatshalaliswa kanye nendawo yokuhlala Homeland - izindawo ezisempumalanga nezisenkabeni yeNyakatho Melika.
Umuthi ongapheli kuze kube ngu-120 cm ukuphakama.Amaqabunga aphambene, anoboya obuncane, abade noma abanzi kakhulu lanceolate. Izimbali zibomvu noma zipinki-nsomi ngephunga elimnandi, eziqoqwe ku-inflorescence eyenziwe ngesambulela ifinyelela ku-6 cm ngaphesheya. Iqhakaza ngoJulayi-Agasti. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa ezinezimbali ezimhlophe. I-skimmer ye-flavour ebomvu yenyama ithambile kunaleyo yaseSyria, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ifana nebhotela likashokoledi elisha.
Izinhlobonhlobo zenyama ebomvu yenyama:
"I-Ice Bucket" - izimbali ezimhlophe eziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence amise isambulela;
"I-Sinderella" - izimbali ezipinki.
Ukubukeka okubomvu kwembali yendlovukazi kuboniswe ekukhetheni kwezithombe ezingezansi, lapho ungacubungula nezinhlobonhlobo zazo.
I-Syrian Stoop (Asclepias Syriaca L.) E-US, ibizwa ngokuthi isitshalo sobisi esivamile. ISyriac stoop yaziwa nangokuthi i-Aesculapius, i-milky kanye nokugwinya utshani. Induna yaseSyria ayihlobene neSyria. Isihambi sase-Italiya futhi isazi semvelo uKornuti sathatha umhlonyane ngesinye isitshalo - i- "kendyr", ekhula eMiddle East, ikakhulukazi eSyria. UKarl Linnaeus usungule ukuthi lezi zihlukile, yize zisondelene, izitshalo, futhi zithi yi-genus Asclepias, kepha washiya ngemuva kwayo incazelo yeSyriac. Ukusatshalaliswa nezindawo zokuhlala Homeland - Izifundazwe zaseMpumalanga Melika.
I-Syriac padlock ingumbiza ongapheli womhlaba ovulekile ongafika ku-150 cm ukuphakama, onobukhulu obumnyama obumnyama, obukhanyayo obushiya amasentimitha angama-10-15 ubude namasentimitha angama-5 ububanzi. Izimbali kufika kububanzi obuyi-1 cm, zipinki ezikhanyayo, ezinephunga elimnandi, eziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence amakhulu abunjwe ngesambulela. Iqhakaza ngoJulayi 30-35 izinsuku. Izithelo, ibhokisi elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka elivuvukala elinomhlaba ogcwele ukotini, olungamamasentimitha ayi-12,5 ubude, luyavuleka lapho luvuthwa ezinhlangothini. Imbewu eminingi onsundu emnyama imbozwe ngezinwele ezinde ezimhlophe zesilika. Umoya uthwala imbewu ngaphezu kobude obude, kepha ngomgwaqo ophakathi nendawo, ngeshwa, uvuthwa kuphela kuleyo minyaka lapho kuba khona ekwindla ende, eyomile futhi efudumele.
I-Tuberose ovary - Umuthi ongapheli, ofinyelela ku-70 cm ukuphakama. Inezimbali ze-orange, eziqoqwe kuma-umbrellas inflorescence aminyene. Izimbali zihlala kusuka kuJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba. Izinhlobo zinokuphakathi kokuqandeka kwesithwathwa, ngenxa yalokho, endaweni ephakathi neRussia ebusika iyadingeka ukuyimboza ngamagatsha e-spruce noma ngezinto eziminyene.
Emasimini, okuvame kakhulu yizinhlobonhlobo zama-tuberose efihlekile "Ama-Gay Butterflies" - ngezimbali ezibomvu ezivuthayo
IStoop kaKurassavsky (A. curassavica). Isitshalo se-perennial esinokuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-70-90. Inama-inflorescence amahle, athambile anezimbali ezibomvu-orange ezingamelana isikhathi eside kusiki. Khulisa izinhlobo zezilwane ngonyaka.
Amabanga alandelayo wejazi elinamathiselwe afunwa kakhulu:
"I-Ballet ku-Ice" - ngama-inflorescence amhlophe;
"I-soulmate" - ukukhanya kwe-lilac ephakeme yezimbali kanye ne-lilac ecebile - ephansi;
"Maharaja" - izimbali ze-orange;
LAPHA ISITOLO
"I-Boa" - ingxenye engenhla yezimbali imhlophe, phansi kunsomi.
Izinhlobo ezichaziwe nezinhlobonhlobo zentyatyambo ze-Asklepias zikhonjiswe esithombeni esingezansi, lapho ubuke khona lapho umlimi engayicabanga kangcono injongo yabo engadini:
Izidingo zezimo zemvelo nokuzilungisa
Njengazo zonke izitshalo eziningi ezine-herbaceous, i-Asklepias ayinakukhumbula futhi inamandla okukhula ngempumelelo, ikhule futhi iqhakaze yize kungekho zimo nokunakekelwa okuhle. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba imbali ivame ukutholakala ngokwemvelo, kukhethwa amasayithi angavumelani ngokuphelele nezitshalo eziningi. Ibekezelela kalula imiphumela emibi yendawo ezungezile, inamandla okululama ngokushesha, ayidingi ukuthambisa kaningi, ukufaka umanyolo nokukhanyisa. Ukunakekelwa okufunwa kakhulu yi-asclepias tuberous. Imininingwane enemininingwane yabalimi yokuthi ungatshala kanjani umgodi wokuzilungisa futhi uyinakekele inikezwe ngezansi.
Indawo. I-Asklepias inezithombe eziningi, bayitshala kuphela ezindaweni ezinelanga, noma ukubukeka kokubomvu-inyama kubekezelela eminye imithunzi. Lapho ufika, kufanele unake ukuthi uboya baseSyria bukhula ngobudlova kakhulu, bamba amasimu amasha. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukuba ne- "bush" elingaphezulu noma elingaphansi, isitshalo kufanele sikhawulelwe ngokumba umngcele osizungezile, noma ukhule ezitsheni ezimbelwe emhlabathini ngezimbobo ezinhle zokudonsa amanzi. Kungenzeka ukutshala udoti kude nezinye izilimo zokuhlobisa, kuma-tapeworms, kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinqubo ezintsha zingaba kude kakhulu nesihlahla sikamama. Ngamanye amagama, uboya boSyria badinga isikhala esiningi, cishe amasentimitha angama-70 kuzo zonke izinkomba.
Inhlabathi. Awunqunyelwe emhlabathini, noma yimuphi umhlabathi wezakhi ongahlangani ne-acid noma ukusabela kancane kwe-asidi kufanelekile.
Ukunisela. Izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezibomvu ze-asclepias zine-hygrophilous, izinhlobo zaseSyria ziyabekezelela isomiso.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Lapho unakekela izigwaca, kwanele ukufaka umanyolo amahlandla ama-2 ngesizini: okokuqala ngaphambi kokuqhakaza ngokusebenzisa urea ne-potassium sulfate, okwesibili ngemuva kokuqhakaza usebenzisa i-nitrophosphate.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukukhuthaza ukukhula nezimbali eziningi, kunconywa ukufafaza umanyolo we-organic ngaphansi kwesihlahla, isibonelo, umquba.
Ukufakelwa Kudingeka ukufakelwa ukuze kuqiniswe kabusha isitshalo futhi kusinike ukubukeka okuhle. Izimbali zokutshala zitshalelwe endaweni entsha emva kweminyaka emi-4 - 5, kepha abalimi abaningi bayayifaka le nkambiso ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10.
Ukuqina kobusika. Ukuze ijazi lasebusika lisebenze ngempumelelo ebusika futhi ngonyaka olandelayo ukujabulisa ukuqhakaza kwalo futhi, indawo yalo yokuhlala kufanele ilungiselelwe kahle. Zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ngaphandle kwezinhlobo zaseSyria kumele zifakwe ngaphakathi zithathwe ngotshani, zimbozwe ngeqabunga elomile noma ngamagxolo esihlahla omisiwe. Ngaphambi kokumboza lesi sitshalo, udinga ukusika isiqu saso sibe yi-10 cm ubude. Iziqu ezisikiwe zingasetshenziswa njengendwangu yokwemboza. Uhlobo lweSyria aluvikeli isithwathwa, ngakho-ke, aludingi indawo ebusika.
Izinkinga zokuzala. Ngenkathi yokukhula izigwaca, umlimi uvama ukuhlangana nanoma ibuphi ubunzima, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ama-asclepias engadini angathintwa yi-whitefly, edla ujusi wesiko elinikezwe, limunca kusukela kusiqu. Imbala iyoma kulokhu. Empini yokulwa nezinambuzane, izidakamizwa ezinjenge-Actellik neRovikurt ziyasebenza.
Enye yezinkinga okungenzeka lapho kuzalaniswa isitshalo ukubonakala kwesikhunta enhlabathini, ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokhu ungabona ukubola kwezimpande zayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokugcwala kwamanzi kwenhlabathi okubangelwa ukuthambisa ngokweqile. Ngomswakama ngokweqile, amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi bese kancane kancane ayawa.
Kwesinye isikhathi umlimi ubona ukuthi ama-asclepias aphonsa ama-buds. Isizathu salokhu ukumiswa kwenhlabathi. Kuyadingeka ukunisela ngokushesha nokubheka esikhathini esizayo isimo sezwe ngaphansi kwesihlahla.
Izimo zokukhulisa umjondolo kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Kusatshalaliswa imbewu futhi ngotshani - ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla, ingxenye yama-rhizomes. Kungcono ukuhlukanisa entwasahlobo noma engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo. Ukufakelwa kubekezelela kahle.
Ezindaweni ezifudumele zaseRussia, ukutshalwa kwamafutha avela ezinhlanyelweni kuphumelela impela, kanti kulayini ophakathi lendlela ayinandlela, ngoba amaqanda angaqhamuki.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu, kunconyelwa ukuthi imbewu ihlukaniswe kabusha kusengaphambili kwenyanga esihlabathini esimanzi. NgoMashi, zidinga ukuthi zifakwe emigqonyeni enomhlabathi okhanyayo. Ungasebenzisa inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo ngezimbali zasekhaya. Phansi kwesitsha, kufanele uqale uthele ungqimba lwamanzi, bese umhlabathi. Emhlabathini, yenza imisele emincane bese uthele imbewu kuyo. Ukujula kokushumeka kufanele kube ngu-1.5 - 2 cm.
Ngemuva kokutshala imbewu yentyatyambo ye-ovary, nakekela: gxilisa inhlabathi, umboze isithako ngezithombo ngefilimu ukudala ubusika obuluhlaza, unikeze abamba ukushisa nsuku zonke, ususe ifilimu amahora amaningi. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-2 - 3, kuhlolwe isimo senhlabathi, ukuthi imile kangakanani. Kuyasiza ukufafaza inhlabathi ngamanzi okushisa egumbi.
Lapho kuvela amahlumela, khipha izitsha zingene egumbini elinokushisa okungekho ngaphansi kwama-degrees ayi-18 nokukhanya okwanele.
Imbewu ehlwanyelwe ekhaya ngaphansi kwalezi zimo ngokuthula nangokuchuma, ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-15. Ngemuva kokuthi izitshalo ziqine, ifilimu lingasuswa. Izithombo esezikhulile kufanele zingene ezitsheni ezihlukile ezinengqimba yokudonsa kanye nenhlabathi yezakhi. Ukuvuselela ukukhula, ithiphu kufanele iphinwe.
Ekuqaleni kukaJuni, ngokuqala kokushisa kwangempela, indawo yendawo evulekile inikezwa isitshalo.
Ezindaweni ezifudumele, ungatshala imbewu yemigqwaca ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile bese unakekela izitshalo. Lo msebenzi wenziwa kangcono ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo masinyane ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa. Lungiselela kusengaphambili indawo ebekelwa kuyo: bambe yona, ususe ukhula bese uyithukulula. Emva kwalokho, yenza imisele ejulile, uyithambise futhi uhlwanyele imbewu ekujuleni kuka-2 - 3 cm, bese ufafaza imbewu ngomhlaba. Emavikini okuqala emva kokutshala, nisela izithombo nsuku zonke, ngaphandle kwezinsuku zemvula.
Lapho zisakazwa ngembewu, ziyaqhakaza ngonyaka wesi-3 kuya ku-4, ngenkathi zisakazeka ngemifino, ziyaqhakaza ngonyaka wokutshala noma ngonyaka olandelayo.
Ezinye izindlela zokuzala
Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuphindaphinda ama-osseous ukwahlukaniswa kwama-rhizomes. Isikhathi esihle salokhu ukwindla sekwephuzile, lapho isitshalo sesivele siqhakaza. Kunconywa ukwenza umsebenzi ngemuva kwemvula noma ukuthambisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha isihlahla esiqinile, esikhule kahle, usigaye ngokucophelela, uhlukanise i-rhizome ezingxenyeni eziningana ezinkulu, ngasinye sazo okufanele sibe nesiqu saso.
Ingxenye ngayinye ibekwa emgodini olungiselelwe kwangaphambili, oniselwe futhi umbozwe ngenhlabathi. Ukwenza i-Asklepias ikhule kalula endaweni entsha, usike isiqu, ungashiyi esingaphezu kwama-10 cm. Ngemuva kokutshala, kubalulekile ukunisela njalo izitshalo ezitshaliwe kuze kube yilapho uhlelo lwezimpande lukhula futhi likwazi ukuzikhipha ngokuzimele ezingxenyeni ezijulile zenhlabathi. Izihlahla ezivikelekile ziniselwa kuphela ngezikhathi ezomile.
Lapho kusakazwa ukusikwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo, amahlumela amancane anqunywa kusika engaba cm cm. Amaqabunga aphansi ayasuswa, ukusikeka ngokushesha kufakwa esihlabathini esimanzi. Isiqu sinezimpande cishe amasonto amathathu.
Ukukhetha okulandelayo kwezithombe kukhombisa ukuthi ungatshala kanjani ocansini futhi awunakekele kuze kube yilapho ukuqothula imbala yesitshalo esisha kuqedile:
Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhilimu
I-Asklepias kusayithi ihlala inezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo ngenxa yezimpawu zayo ezinhle ze-inflorescences nama-openworkhlamvu. Le imbali yendawo yonke engasetshenziswa kokubili emaqenjini nokutshala okukodwa. Ngenxa yekhono elimangalisayo lokukhula ngokushesha ngosizo lwayo, ungakha ukhaphethi omnandi, omkhulu wezingadi, ugcwalise izikhala ezingadini.
Itshalwe ezimweni lapho udinga ukufaka khona indawo ethile, ngokwesibonelo, indawo yokuphumula ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha umhlalaphansi enkampanini emehlweni, noma umgodi womquba ukuze ungonakalisi ukubuka engadini.
Ilungele ukudala ama-slide amadwala.
Ijekethi enamathiselwe ihlanganiswe nemidwebo eminingi yonyaka futhi isiza ekwakheni izingoma ezingejwayelekile, ezinempilo. Kubukeka kuvumelana kakhulu okusanhlamvu, izimbali ezinde, i-asters, i-aconites, i-echinacea, izinsimbi ezinde, i-miscanthus.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Asklepias ikhule engadini nanjengesitshalo sokwelapha, kusukela ezingxenyeni lapho kwenziwa khona imidwebo yokwelapha kanye nama-decoctions. Banomphumela we-antimicrobial, expectorant, antispasmodic.
Lapho ufuya uboya bekotini, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lesi sitshalo sithathwa njengesiyingozi. Ngalesi sizathu, kufanele isetshenziselwe izinjongo zokwelapha ngokunakekela okukhulu.
Le mbali yemukelwa njengesinye sezitshalo zoju ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ungacabanga ukuthi leli siko libukeka kanjani engadini ngokwengxenye nangamaqembu, ngokubheka izithombe ezilandelayo zomfundi, ngezansi, okukhonjiswa ngezingoma ezahlukahlukene:
