Uhlobo lokuthanda encyclical (I-Encyclia) ihlobene ngqo nomndeni wama-orchid. Kuhlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-160 ezimelwe ama-lithophytes nama-epiphytes. Ngokwemvelo, angatholakala eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu.
Izici zesici salolu hlobo yilezi: isimo se-sympoidal sokukhula (yilapho isiqu esincane sikhula khona ngaphansi kwesidala), ama-rhizomes amafushane (ihlumela lendiza), i-bifacial (kwesinye isikhathi iqabunga elilodwa, amathathu ne amane) ama-pseudobulbs amafomu abunjwe ngunda noma ovoid. Amaqabunga aminyene e-leathery ane-elliptic ekhanyisiwe noma i-lanceolate, kuyilapho ipuleti ngokwayo ligoqeka kancane eceleni kwethambo eliphakathi nendawo.
Isitshalo siqhakaza isikhathi eside ngokwanele. Ngakho-ke, ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kungahlala amasonto ambalwa noma izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ezinhlotsheni ezihlukile, ama-pedical i-apical angahluka. Ngakho-ke, kwezinye izinhlobo kukhona izimbali ezilingana ngobukhulu obukhulu, kanti ezinye zinama-inflorescence avela kakhulu, anamagatsha amaningi ngendlela yebhulashi. Izimbali ezibunjiwe ze-zygomorphic zinezindawo ezingama-3 (ama-tombals) kanye nama-2 weqiniso (amacembe), acinene kakhulu futhi anombala ofanayo nokwakheka kwawo. Izindebe ezinkulu ezinemilando emithathu eyanele (i-3 ye-petal yangempela) enkulu mahhala kuyo yonke ubude bayo inombala ohlukile. Izimbambo eziseceleni zivame ukuzungeza ikholomu, noma kunjalo, azifakwanga.
Orchid ukunakekelwa encyclical ekhaya
Lesi sitshalo asiluthatheli ngokuphelele futhi kufanelekile ukulinyelwa ngama-orchid amava nama-novice.
Ukukhanya
Le genus yama-orchid idinga ukukhanya okukhulu kakhulu. Njengomthetho, kufanele ihlakazeke kuleli cala, kodwa futhi kunezinhlobo ezingakwazi ukumelana nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu, izimbali ezinjengalezi zidinga ukubethelwa imisebe yelanga ebabayo yasemini, uma kungenjalo ukushiswa kungavela ebusweni bamahlamvu.
Kungcono ukubeka imbiza yezimbali emafasiteleni asezindaweni eziseningizimu, entshonalanga nasempumalanga. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi isitshalo sikuphi efasiteleni, ekwindla nasebusika kuzodinga ukukhanya okwengeziwe ngama-phytolamp akhethekile, futhi amahora okukhanya kosuku kumele aqale amahora ayi-10 kuye kwayi-12.
Imodi yokushisa
Izinhlobo eziningi zidinga izimo zokushisa ezilinganiselwe noma ezilinganiselwe. Kulokhu, isitshalo kumele siqinisekise umehluko emazingeni okushisa nsuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuzama ukuze unyaka wonke amazinga okushisa esikhathi sasemini abe ngama-degree angama-18- 22, futhi ebusuku - kusuka kuma-13 kuye kwangama-16 degrees. Abatshali abanolwazi bancoma ukuthi ama-encyclines ahlinzeke ngomehluko emazingeni okushisa nsuku zonke acishe abe ngama-5 degrees.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezinhle, ngenkathi efudumele (Meyi-Okthoba), i-orchid iyanconywa ukuba idluliselwe emgwaqweni. Kodwa-ke, udinga ukuvikeleka emipheni yomoya, emisebeni yelanga eqondile nakwezulu. Emgwaqweni kulula kakhulu ukugcina amazinga okushisa adingekayo.
Ingxube yomhlaba
Ukukhulisa i-orchid enjalo, zombili amabhlogo nezimbiza zisetshenziswa. Ukugcwalisa imbiza sebenzisa i-sphagnum, i-conifer bark nezicucu ezincane zamalahle. Ucezu olukhulu lwegxolo likaphayini lithathwa njengebhlokhi. Phezu kwaso, udinga ukulungisa uhlelo lwezimpande kanye nenhlanganisela yezimbali, kuyilapho kufanele zigoqwe ngesendlalelo esingesibi kakhulu se-moss.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Unyaka wonke, lesi sitshalo siniselwa kakhulu kaningi. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngemuva kokuthi amagxolo acishe omile ngokuphelele. Phezu kohlelo lwezimpande kukhona ungqimba olugqinsi lwe-velamen, futhi ngenxa yalokho lungamelana nesomiso esifushane (musa ukwenza isikhathi esomile ukuba eside). Kunconywa ukunisela i-encycline hhayi ngendlela ejwayelekile, kepha gcobhoza imbiza (ibhulokhi) esitsheni esigcwaliswe ngamanzi afudumele imizuzu engama-20-30. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi kufanele libe cishe ama-30- 35 degrees. Lesi sikhathi sanele ukuthi amagxolo nezimpande zigcwale umswakama. Emva kwalokhu, lesi sitshalo kumele sisuswe bese silinda kuze kube yilapho kukhipha uketshezi oluningi. Ngemuva kwalokho ibekwa endaweni yayo ejwayelekile.
Kufanele iniselwe kuphela ngamanzi athambile. Ingahlungwa noma uyiyeke ihlale kahle.
Umswakama
Isitshalo asidingi umswakama omkhulu ngokweqile. Umswakama we-Optimum kufanele ube phakathi kwamaphesenti angama-50 kuya kwangama-70. Ukuze wandise umswakama, ungathela ubumba olunwetshiwe epanini bese uthela amanzi amancane, noma ubeke isitsha esivulekile esigcwele uketshezi eduze kwaso. Uma umswakama uphansi kakhulu, khona-ke ungasebenzisa ama-humidifiers wasendlini noma ama-generator we-steam. Abalimi abanolwazi bayeluleka, okungenani kanye ngosuku ukuthambisa isitshalo, amagxolo, kanye ne-moss kusuka ku-sprayer.
Umanyolo
I-orchid enjalo idinga ukondliwa unyaka wonke. Zenziwa isikhathi esi-1 emavikini amabili noma amathathu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umanyolo okhethekile wama-orchid, uwafake emanzini okunisela, futhi uthathe umthamo okhonjiswe kwiphakethe.
Izici Zokufakelwa
Kudluliswa kuphela lapho kunesidingo. Ngakho-ke, le nqubo yenziwa uma ubukhulu bokuthi ibhlokhi iba yincane noma esimweni se-acidization se-substrate kanye nokubola kwayo.
Isikhathi sokuphumula
Isikhathi sokuphumula salesi sitshalo. Akayidingi ukuze kube nezimbali eziningi nokukhula okujwayelekile. Esimweni lapho imbali ebonakala iphilile ingazange yakha i-peduncle eyodwa ezinyangeni eziyi-12, kuzodingeka ukuthi idale ubuciko besimo ngayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yeka ngokuphelele ukuchelela izinsuku eziyi-11-14, futhi weqa nezinqubo eziningana zokufaka umanyolo.
Izindlela zokuzala
Lapho ikhule ngaphakathi, i-orchid enjalo ingasakazwa ngokuhlukanisa i-rhizome. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukwahlukaniswa ngakunye kumele okungenani kube nama-pseudobulbs a-3 avuthiwe.
Kusatshalaliswa imbewu kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo zezimboni, basebenzisa nendlela yokubumba (ukusakazeka kwe-meristem).
Izinambuzane nezifo
I-spider mite ingaphila esitshalweni. Uma le nkathazo yatholakala, khona-ke imbali kufanele ibe nesifutho esifudumele (cishe ama-degree angama-45), ngenkathi igeza kahle amahlamvu.
Ungagula uma kwenzeka wephula imithetho yokunakekelwa. Ngakho-ke, ukubola kungavela njengomphumela wokunisela kaningi kakhulu nokuchichima, uma kuniselwa kabi kakhulu - izimpande zizokoma, ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kungashiya ukushiswa ngamahlamvu. Futhi, uma kunokukhanya okungalungile, khona-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthi ubone ukuqhakaza.
Ukubuyekezwa kwevidiyo
Izinhlobo eziphambili
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-encyclia zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi, kodwa inzalo yesitshalo esinjalo idingeka kakhulu.
I-Fercyinous encyclia (Encyclia adenocaula)
Lona umbono omuhle kakhulu wabo bonke abamele lolu hlobo. Imbali ngokwayo inobukhulu obuphakathi, ama-pseudobulbs avuthiwe ngobude angafinyelela kumasentimitha amahlanu kuya kwayi-7. Amacembe mide impela kusuka kumasentimitha angama-30 kuya kwangama-50. I-peduncle ende yemitha-iyageleza ngokweqile. Izimbali ezimnandi zosayizi omkhulu ngokwanele (kufika amasentimitha ayi-10 ubukhulu) zipendiwe ngombala obucayi, opinki. Ukwahlukaniswa kanye nama-petals anefomu elincane-lanceolate. Izindebe ezingunxantathu zibanzi impela, nokho, e-lobe ephakathi, izingxenye ezingemuva ziyakhothama, ngakho-ke kuthatha ukwakheka okumise okomugqa. Maphakathi nesindebe kukhona imicu emide ebubende onsomi, futhi ngaphansi kwayo kukhona ucezu olumhlophe qhwa.
I-Encyclia winged (Encyclia alata)
Lesi sitshalo sithole ukuthandwa okuthile ngenxa yezimbali zayo ezinamakha nokunakekelwa okunganciphisi. Kukhulu impela. Ngakho-ke, isihlahla singafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-1.5, nobubanzi bamamitha ayi-0.5. Ama-peduncle ama-Multifloral anobude obufana nobesihlahla uqobo. Izimbali zincane, ngakho-ke ububanzi abufiki ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-6,6,5. Amathuna amancanyana aluhlaza-aluhlaza okotshani kanye nama-petals anesimo se-spade noma i-obovate. Engxenyeni yabo engenhla kunamaphuzu amaningi amancane wombala we-burgundy. Izindebe zinkulu impela mhlophe-ophuzi uhlangothi izingxenye zinesimo obukhulu obukhulu. Engxenyeni engxenyeni ephakathi yezindebe kukhona imichilo emide yobude, futhi umkhawulo wayo we-wavy upendiwe ngombala ophuzi ophuzi.
I-bract encyclia (Encyclia bractescens)
Le nhlobo emfushane idumile kakhulu. Ihluka ngokuthi ingakha amakoloni amnyama aminyene naluhlaza. Ukuphakama kwama-pseudobulbs avuthiwe kusuka kumasentimitha amabili kuya kwayi-3, futhi amaqabunga esakhiwo esilinganayo-lanceolate anobudeamasentimitha angama-40. Ama-peduncle athela izimbali eziningi kanti zona, njengomthetho, azivuki ngaphezu kwamaqabunga. Izimbali ezincane ezinamakha zinobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-2,5 kuphela. Ama-tombals aphuzi aphuzi futhi anama-lanceolate. Isindebe esibanzi singumdwebo obunjiwe okwenziwe ngomhlophe. Phezu kwaso kukhona imicu emibalabala ebubende.
