Uma ufuna ukuthola isivuno esikhulu kusuka emithini e-raspberry, awukwazi ukuyivumela ikhule ngamandla adonsela phansi. Ngeqoqo elijwayelekile lamajikijolo ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okudingekile futhi okufanele, kuzonikeza kuphela i-25% yalokho okungenzeka. Kunendlela eyodwa kuphela yokuphuma - ukuyilungiselela ubusika. Ukwazi ukuthi ungawuthena kanjani ama-raspberries ngendlela efanele ekwindla kuzosiza ukonga ama-plantings futhi uzinikeze isivuno sonyaka olandelayo.
Unquma nini raspberries
Amabhasi okusajingijolo ayathelwa ukuze kufinyelelwe le miphumela:
- ukuthambisa izihlahla ukuthola isilinganiso esanelisayo sokukhanya nomoya omncane;
- ukukhula komkhiqizo;
- ukumelana okwandayo kwezihlahla zamakhaza eziqandeni;
- ukuvikela ubusika bezinambuzane nezifo zokukhunta amahlumela;
- ubunyoninco bangaphandle kwezihlahla.
Bathi kungcono ukusika ama-raspberries ekwindla, hhayi entwasahlobo, ngoba isikhunta nezinambuzane zihlala ezihlahleni zobusika. Ungazinciphisa entwasahlobo, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi ubona ukuthi yisiphi isihlahla, yisiphi amahlumela okufanele asuswe ukwenza ukuthenwa kwendle.
Kunzima ukukhombisa isikhathi esiqondile sokuthena ikwindla, kepha isitshengiso esiyinhloko sokuqala kokusebenza ukuphela kwesithelo. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuba kuthenwe ama-raspberries amasonto ama-3-4 ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa (abanye abalimi baveza ukuthi kungakuhle ngokwengeziwe ukuthi kulungiswe ama-raspberries ngemuva kwesithwathwa sokuqala). Ngenxa yalokho, isikhathi sokuthenwa kwekwindla siyahlukahluka kusuka kuJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba.
Ama-raspberry kudingeka ukuthi anciphise ukuphuma ukuze angaphambuki ububanzi
Abanye abalimi basebenzisa izihlahla zasehlobo. Kwenzelwa ukwakheka okusheshayo kweziqu ezincane nokukhula kokuzala. Ungakhawulela ukukhula kwe-raspberry bush, ngoba lokhu konke iziqu ezincane kunqunywa esihlahleni esikhulu.
Omunye umbono
Indlela ephumelela kakhulu iye yaqashelwa ukuthenwa okusajingijolo ngokusho kukaSbolev, oqanjwe ngemuva komsunguli we-raspberry waseRussia. Akudingi ukulungiswa okukhethekile, ngisho nesiqalo sizokwazi ukubhekana nalapha.
Ngokusho kwale ndlela, izinsuku zokuthena izihlahla ziba entwasahlobo bese ziwa. Ukuthena kokuqala kwenziwa ngoMeyi-Juni, lapho amahlumela ekhula aye kumitha eyi-1. Kamuva, ukusebenza okunjalo akunamsebenzi, ngoba iziqu azinaso isikhathi sokuqinisa ngaphambi kwesithwathwa. Entwasahlobo, iziqu zisikwa zibe ngu-15 cm, kanti ekwindla - ezansi kwenhlabathi ukulungiselela ama-raspberries ebusika.
Ungawuthena kanjani amahlahla okusajingijolo ekwindla
Ukusika ngempumelelo kwama-raspberry ekwindla kuhlanganisa izigaba ezilandelayo:
- Kuyadingeka ukusika amahlumela owomile, abagulayo nababuthakathaka unyaka owodwa, kanye neminye yeminyaka emibili ethela izithelo. Amahlumela we-Biennial ihluke amahlumela minyaka yonke ngombala wamagxolo. Umbala onsundu omnyama, iziqu zonyaka owodwa zinamagxolo ansundu noma aluhlaza okotshani.
Ngemuva kokuvuna, wonke amagatsha we-biennial kumele asuswe.
- Iziqu ziklanywa kanye nenhlabathi, ukuphakama okukhulu kwesigaxa kungaba ngamasentimitha angama 5. Uma ushiya amahlumela aphezulu angama-20-30 cm, angangenwa yizifo futhi abe yindawo yezinambuzane.
- Izimpande ezindala nezomile zimane nje ziphulwe ngesandla, kepha kungakuhle ukusebenzisa i-pruner. Ukuze ungabhaqi izandla zakho, udinga ukugqoka amagilavu, ungasebenzisa abadonsela kude kwizibambo ezinde.
Amahlathi okusajingi okugijimayo atheleka ezifweni eziningi: aya ngokuya eba mancane, inani lawo nawo liyahlupheka
- Uma kwenzeka wehlulwa nge-raspberry-stem gall midge, amahlumela anonyaka owodwa kufanele anqunywe ngaphansi kokuqina (kulapho izibungu zezinambuzane zitholakala khona). Ungashiya isiqu esingu-40-60 cm, abanye basike bona uqobo.
- Uma amabala ansundu noma amnyama ebonakalayo emahlumela, lokhu kubonisa isifo esibonisa onsomi. Isihlahla sonke kumele sisuswe ngokuphelele. Esimweni sokuthola izindawo endaweni eyodwa noma amabili, anganqunywa ngaphansi kwempande.
- Udinga ukushiya amahlumela angama-6-10 anempilo konyaka owodwa esihlahleni ngasinye, ngokuya ngobuningi bawo.
- Ezingxenyeni zaminyaka yonke, ngemuva kokuqhakaza izithelo, iziqongo zingagawulwa ngamasentimitha angama-20 ukuya kwengama-30. Uma wenza lo msebenzi, lokhu kuzothinta ubusika nokukhiqiza ngonyaka olandelayo.
Okusajingijolo kuyinto dessert esimnandi nesitshalo okwelapha.
- Zonke amahlumela asikiwe ahlanganiswa futhi ashiswe, ngoba angathinteka ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni.
Ividiyo: Izihlahla zomswakama ekwindla
Ungayinquma kanjani ukuguga (okudala ukuguga)
Ama-raspberry ajwayelekile atshalwe enhlabathini efanayo iminyaka eyi-10, iminyaka eyi-15-18 kubhekwa isikhathi esiphezulu, ngoba inhlabathi isivele idilikile kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma ingahlanganiswa. Ukukhiqizwa kwezihlahla kuncishiswa kakhulu hhayi ngenxa yomhlabathi, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuguga kwempande. Ithonya lokushisa okuphansi, izinambuzane nezifo kuvimbela izinso ekubekweni ngokujwayelekile, okuvela kuzo amahlumela okuthi esikhundleni sawo kube nokuvela inzalo.
Ngaphandle kokuthena okulungile, ukugcwala ngokweqile kungavela esihlahleni, okudala kuphela ukungezwani, kepha izindlala azikhuphi isivuno
Umgcini wegadi uvame ukufuna ukugcina izinhlobo zakhe ezinokwethenjelwa, hhayi ukutshala enye, ngakho-ke ukutshala kufanele kwenziwe kabusha.
Lokhu kungenziwa kanjena:
- NgoSepthemba, kuyadingeka ukujulisa ifosholo eliseduze kwamabhishi ampofu kuze kufike ekujuleni kwesihlahla. Lokhu kusebenza kufanele kwenziwe kuzo zonke izihlahla;
- Izimpande eziphambili zizosikwa, isihlahla singakhishwa kanye nezimpande. Udinga ukubheka ukuze inzalo yezimpande ingalimali, ngoba umongo wayo ungumongo wendlela. Akufanele ugaye wonke ama-bush ngasikhathi sinye, kungcono ukukwenza lokhu ukuvakasha kaningana ngonyaka, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlale ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwamajikijolo;
- Amapayipi avela ezihlahleni embozwe nge-humus noma ngomquba futhi anisele. Entwasahlobo, kufakwa umanyolo wezimbiwa kule ndawo. Ngakho-ke, izihlahla ezisele zizothela amajikijolo, bese kuvela amahlumela amasha anezimpande zawo enkundleni yokumbiwa. Ngonyaka, bazovele babe namahlumela wangempela wokufaka esikhundleni.
Ngakho-ke iminyaka ethile iyatholakala ukuvuselela i-raspberry yakho, ngaphandle kokuyeka ukukhetha amajikijolo.
Ungawathena kanjani ama-raspberries
Akuwona wonke umuntu oqonda ukuthi kunomehluko omkhulu ekusokeni kwama-raspberry wendabuko kanye ne-remontana. Kowokuqala, amajikijolo akhiwa amahlumela aneminyaka emibili ubudala, ku-remontant, akhiwa ngonyaka. Lokhu kuthinta kakhulu indlela yokusika amahlumela.
Ama-raspberries asuswayo anesivuno esikhulu, ukunambitheka okuthuthukile, ukuzivumelanisa kahle nezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene
Noma yisiphi isihlahla sinamahlumela ayisi-8-10, kanti amahlumela waminyaka yonke asevele evela kuwo. Ukuze ube nokunye okuningi, udinga ukuphina iphuzu lokukhula kwanoma yiliphi ihlumela, khona-ke kuzonikeza enye amahlumela angu-4-5. Izinqubo ezivelayo zizodinga futhi ukusikwa ngo-10 cm ukuthola olusha olusha. Ngonyaka olandelayo, amahlumela anqunywa ngaphakathi kwesihlahla ukuze angabi bukhulu kakhulu, kanti abangaphandle bahlala beqinile. Ngenxa yalokhu, kweziqu eziyishumi, kunengqondo ukuthola cishe i-100, futhi yonke ithela izithelo ngokulinganayo.
Uhlelo lokuthena okusajingijolo lubandakanya ukususa amahlumela amadala
Abalimi baseDashi basike ama-raspberries ekwindla, ngenxa yalokho bathola imiphumela emihle kakhulu: ama-30 kg amajikijolo esihlahleni phakathi nenkathi. Lapha akufanele sikhohlwe ngokugqoka okungaphezulu nokunisela okwanele, ngoba amanani abalulekile amajikijolo adinga amaminerali amaningi nezinye izakhi, ezinganele emhlabathini.
Umsebenzi kuma-raspberries ekwindla wenziwa kuphela ngemuva kokuthi izihlahla zifinyelele eminyakeni emibili yobudala. Ungabhekana nakho ngemuva kokuqoqa isivuno ngokweqile, lapho kufika amakhaza bese amaqabunga ewa. Zonke amahlumela amakhulu anwetshulwa cishe emhlabathini nangomhlabathi, agcina iziqu ezincane kuphela zika-5-7 cm, iziqu ezincane zisikwa ngokuphelele. Uma ungatheni ama-raspberries ekwindla, khona-ke entwasahlobo izihlahla zikhula zingaphansi, futhi izinhlobonhlobo zingalahlekelwa ngokuphelele amandla okulungisa.
Ungacubungula kanjani futhi ondle ngemuva
Ukugqokwa kwe-Autumn kwenziwa ngemuva kokuba ama-raspberries esehlisiwe futhi inhlabathi engaphansi kwawo ibunjiwe.
Ungenza umanyolo onjalo:
- ukubeka amaconsi ezinyoni ngohlobo oluwukethayo emasimini wonke;
- umquba wethulwa ngaphambi kokufakwa kokuwuxuba nenhlabathi. Akuwona umanyolo kuphela, kodwa futhi indlela enhle yokumboza ama-rhizomes ebusika. Ukusetshenziswa ngamamitha skwele elilodwa - ama-4-6 kg. Awungeke wenze umquba ngaphezulu kwesikhathi esingu-1 eminyakeni emi-3, kungcono ukuyiguqula neminye umanyolo;
- Umquba ubhekwa njengokugqoka okungcono kakhulu. Kutholakala kumfucumfucu wezitshalo (amaqabunga ezihlahla, iziqongo, ukhula, i-carrion), okushisa ngokweqile ehlobo;
- ungatshala ama-siderates: i-lupine eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, lwesinaphi, i-otch oats. Zitshalwe ngoJuni, kuthi ngaphambi kobusika bazivale bangene emhlabathini. Ziyabola zibe ngumanyolo ophelele ngentwasahlobo;
- ukwengeza i-peat ecebisa umhlabathi we-raspberry. Le nto kufanele ihlanganiswe nezinye izinto zokugqoka, ukuze ungazidluli;
- Umanyolo wamaminerali (ama-superphosphates, usawoti we-potassium) asetshenziswa enhlabathini ngesilinganiso sama-40-60 g etshini ngalinye. Imisele idonswa phakathi kwemigqa ibanga okungenani lama-30 cm ukusuka ehlathini bese umquba uthululwa lapho.
Umanyolo weNitrogen akufanele wethulwe, ngoba uholela ekukhuleni okuqinile, futhi ama-raspberries kumele abe dormant ngemuva kokuthenwa. Ukusetshenziswa okungacatshangelwa kahle kukamanyolo we-nitrogen kungaholela ekuqandeni lesi sitshalo ebusika.
Amahlumela okusajingijolo akhula kahle futhi anikeze isivuno esicebile enhlabathini egcwele amakhemikhali
Ukucabanga kokufaka umquba raspberries ekwindla, bheka ukubukeka kwezitshalo. Uzokhombisa isidingo sokusetshenziswa kukamanyolo athile:
- ukukhula okumpofu nokuphuzi kusuka maphakathi neqabunga kuya emaphethelweni kukhombisa ukuntuleka kwe-magnesium;
- ukusilela kwe-potassium kuholela ekubukekeni kwemiphetho emsundu emaqabungeni, ama-bush awubusika kahle;
- uma amaqabunga ephuzi ngemithambo eluhlaza, lokhu kubonisa ukushoda kwensimbi;
- lapho kungekho phosphorus owanele, iziqu ziba mncane;
- uma amaqabunga ezihlahleni elincane, ephuzi, ama-raspberries entula i-nitrogen. Ukwedlula ngokweqile kwalo kuboniswa ekukhuleni ngokweqile kwamaqabunga neziqu, amajikijolo angavuthiwe ayawa, umkhiqizo uyancipha.
Ngakho-ke, ukugawulwa kwekwindla kwama-raspberries kuyadingeka kuzo zombili izinhlobo zendabuko kanye nezokulungisa. Ikuvumela ukuba uzilungiselele kahle izitshalo zobusika, ukuqinisekisa ukumelana kwazo nokubanda nokungazweli kwezifo, izinambuzane eziyingozi. Uma kungakhiqizwa, khona-ke ngonyaka olandelayo isivuno se-raspberry siyobe siphansi kakhulu.
