Lapho kukhulunywa ngezinambuzane zenhlabathi, abalimi abaningi basheshe bakhumbule ama-nematode. Kepha inani lesinambuzane elihlala emhlabathini eliyingozi lokutshala impilo alilinganiselwe. Enye yezinto okunzima kakhulu ukuzibona nokulawula izinambuzane uphawu lokukhula kwezimpande. Akucasuli zonke izitshalo. Kepha uma kunezinkanyezi nama-orchid amaningi anezindlu eziningi, ngokuvamile kubangela ukufa.
Ama-Root mites kanye nama-bulb mites yizinambuzane ezithathwa njengezinkinga ezithile zezitshalo ze-bulb kuphela. Ngempela, lezi zinambuzane ezinobungozi ziyingozi kumabala wakho owathandayo angaphakathi - ama-hyacinths, ama-hippeastrum, ama-amaryllis, ama-tulips, izingwenya nezihlobo zawo ezinkulu nezincane. Kodwa futhi ziyingozi kwesinye isitshalo esakha i-pseudobulb kanye nama-rhizomes - ama-orchid. Ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kalula futhi zizale ngokushesha ngokumangazayo, kunzima ukuthola futhi zidinga izindlela ezinkulu zokulwa nazo.
Umkhaza wempande onama-bulbous (Rhizoglyphus echinopus)Izici ezibucayi zomkhaza wezimpande
Izinhlobo ezimbili zezinambuzane ezinambuzelayo, izitshalo eziququda ngokoqobo (hhayi njalo izimpande nama-bulbs), zibhekiselwa ezingxenyeni zezimpande:
- Umkhawulo wangempela wezimpande yiRhizoglyphus echinopus, ikwazi ukugedla yonke isibani ingaphakathi, ishiye igobolondo elilodwa. Lesi sinambuzane esincane, kodwa sibonakala kahle ngamehlo anqunu, sinamabili amane emilenze nomzimba ophuzi ophuzi ongafika ku-1 cm ubude, uthinta ukuphela futhi uzungeze kakhulu “esiswini”.
- I-anyanisi tick - iSteneotarsonemus - yisinambuzane esikhudlwana esinomzimba omhlophe noma ophuzi ophuzi namabili kuphela wemilenze.
Izimpande zemithi zibambe ngqo ngokusebenzisa ama, ama-pseudobulbs nezimpande zezilimo eziyizigaxa, okwenza indlela yawo ibheke phambili futhi ishiye ukubhujiswa okuphawulayo - okufana nothuli olunsundu, imikhiqizo yokubola. Ezimpandeni zama-orchid, ashiya "uhamba" ebonakalayo.
Kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuqaphela izilonda: kaningi, izimbuzane zezimpande zihlala ngaphansi kwamabhalbhu futhi zitholakala kuphela lapho kudluliswa, noma lapho, ngenxa yomonakalo omkhulu ngokwengeziwe wama-bulbs, izimbali eziqhakazayo, amaqabunga kanye nezinyawo zomzimba ziqala ukoma futhi kufanele uphendukele ekuhlolweni okuphuthumayo kwe-bulb. Kepha izinambuzane ngokwazo zibonakala ngokucacile, njengoba kunjalo nangezibungu namaqanda.
Ama-Root mites azala ngokuzikhandla kunoma yiliphi izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kwamadigri ayi-10 (bese kuthi ukushisa, ukusakazeka ngokushesha). Kepha isici esiyingozi kakhulu salezi zinambuzane - ngokungafani nezinambuzane eziningi zomhlaba ezijwayelekile kunoma yimuphi umnikazi weqoqo lezitshalo zasendlini - izimbuzane zezimpande ziyafana nematodes: zithanda umswakama ophezulu futhi zizale ngokwengeziwe endaweni enomswakama.
Ubulukhuni bokulwa kokukhishwa kwezimpande babuye bukhulu kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi basinda ngisho nasezimweni ezingezinhle kakhulu: izintokazi ziwela ekuphanjukisweni (isimo esinempilo evinjelwe), zijikijela emhlabathini noma zicashe ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuso isitshalo kuze kube yilapho umkhathi ushintsha futhi izimo ezikahle kubo ngeke zivele. "Hibernating" ukuthola imikhaza kunzima kakhulu.
Ukuvimbelwa Kwempande
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela imikhaza iwukugcina ukuhlanzeka komhlaba kanye nendawo efanelekile yezitshalo. Akudingekile ukushiya izimbali ezonakalisiwe kuma-peduncle, nokunye okuningi - ake amaqabunga awileyo azinza, avumele udoti ukuba uqongelele ngaphezulu kwesigaqana (ungqimba olungaphezulu olungcolisiwe lungasuswa kaningi, hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi sokufakelwa noma entwasahlobo).
Ukuswakama kufanele kugcinwe ngohlaka olusezingeni eliphezulu. Futhi ukuhlikihla amaqabunga noma ukugoqa lezo zitshalo ezivumela lokhu akufanele kuhambisane nokungcola kwenhlabathi nokungcola. Kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi uzame ukulondolozwa komswakama odingekayo we-substrate. I-waterlogging, dampness, stagnation of water in pallets kuyingozi enkulu kuwo wonke ama.
Izimpawu zokulimala kwe-bulb yi umkhaza wezimpande.
Okubaluleke ngokufanayo ukugcina okulungile kwama-bulbs esiteji esishisayo. Igumbi elipholile, elomile elinenkomba yomswakama elingaphezulu kwama-40% isiqinisekiso esiyinhloko sokuthi ama-bulbs womabili ngaphandle kwenhlabathi nasezimbizeni, asesigabeni esishisayo, ngeke athintwe yilezi zinambuzane.
Uma uthola ama-bulbs wokutshala kuphela, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuzishiya izinsuku eziningana endaweni epholile, eyomile futhi uhlole ngokunakekelwa konke. Kepha akekho ophephile ekuthengeni ubuhle bokuqhakaza begciwane. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi sibaluleke kakhulu, kufanele sibhekwe nangobunzima.
Ungabhekana kanjani nokubekelwa izimpande?
Ukulwa nokukhalwa kwezimpande kunzima kakhulu. Kutholakala izimpawu zokulimaza ngokushesha kwezimpande, okungcono. Ngempela, kuleli cala, kuzokwenzeka ukuthi sizilinganisele ezilinganisweni ezincane zokucubungula i-bulb kanye nethuba eliphakeme lokusindisa lesi sitshalo. Kepha kunoma yikuphi, sikhuluma ngokufakwa okuphuthumayo nezinqubo ezilimaza isitshalo.
Akunakwenzeka nje ukubhekana nezimpawu zomkhaza ngaphandle kokwelapha ama uqobo. Futhi yize kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezimnene zokwelapha izinambuzane, amakhemikhali amaningi anolaka ngokuphelele nokwelashwa angaqeda ngokuphelele izibungu zezimpande.
Izitshalo okusolwa ukuthi zisabalalisa izimpande zezithelo kufanele zihlukaniswe ngokushesha kuzo zonke ezinye izitshalo ezikuqoqweni bese ziqhubeka ngokushesha nokufakelwa eziphuthumayo. Kulokhu, isibani nezimpande nganoma yisiphi isimo kufanele zisuswe ngokuphelele enhlabathini. Inqubo yokuhlanza u-anyanisi ukuze ihlolwe ifaka lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Ukususwa ngesandla kwenhlabathi yonke.
- Ukususwa kokugcina kwe-substrate ngokugeza ngobumnene.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-bulb ngobukhona nangobukhulu bomonakalo.
Ama-bulb “ahlanzekile” nezimpande ziphathwa ngamalungiselelo wezimpande zezimpande. Lapha, indlela ingahluka kakhulu, kepha, njengomthetho, kungcono ukuthi "ungadlali", bese ukhetha ngokushesha izindlela ezingathi sína. Ukulwa nezimpande kubalwa "izinyathelo" zokwelashwa - amakhambi e-organic noma yemvelo kanye nama-insecticides ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene.
Izindlela eziphilayo zomzabalazo:
- Sula ngamanzi anensipho noma cwilisa emanzini anosawoti. Uma i-lesion ibonwe kusigaba sokuqala noma ufuna ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwezitshalo ezingomakhelwane, khona-ke le ndlela ingabhekwa njengokuvimbela kokuqala. Amabhuleki asulwa ngesisombululo esinoshukela esinamandla noma afakwe kwisisombululo esinamandla sehora eli-1, bese ehlanzwa ngaphansi kwamanzi ampompo. Le ndlela ayiphumeleli ezosiza kuphela lapho kunesigaba sokuqala sokulinyazwa imikhaza yezimpande.
- Ukufakwa kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate (efana nokwelashwa ngesixazululo sensipho).
- Ukwelashwa ngotshwala. Utshwala bubhekwa njengendlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokulwa nokukhonkotha kwezimpande. Kodwa ukuze uchithe imikhaza ngale ndlela, kufanele uphathe ama-bullies ngotshwala obunamandla obanele, obukwazi ukubangela ukushiswa yibo uqobo. Ngaphambi kokucubungula izitshalo, zihlola ukusabela kwezicubu ze-bulb noma izimpande (ukushiswa kuvela kuphela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3, ngakho-ke lokhu kwelashwa kufanele kuphela ama-bulbs esiteji esishisayo, angagcinwa ngaphandle kwenhlabathi). Utshwala obunamandla angama-40 kuya kwangama-70% usetshenziswa ngokuhlikihla ama-bulbu nge-swab evuvukele kahle noma ngokufafaza kancane. Ngaphezu kokucubungula izitshalo, utshwala bungasetshenziswa ukukhipha iziqukathi, izicwilisa nama-windowsill, ikakhulukazi izindawo ezingenakufinyeleleka.
- Enye indlela yokwelapha emnene yesilonda sokuqala ama-herbal infusions kanye nama-decoctions. Ngesilonda esincane, ukuswilisa noma ukugeza kuzosiza ukubhekana nokubopha imikhaza:
- ukumfaka kwe-3 kende ehlanganisiwe yegalikhi 1 litre lamanzi (isidakamizwa sikulungele ngemuva kwamahora ama-3 futhi siyasebenza kungakapheli usuku);
- i-decoction of cyclamen tubers (1 isipuni ngeglasi elilodwa lamanzi);
- i-decoction yamaqabunga we-nettle (i-150-200 g nge-1 litre yamanzi abilayo).
Ukwelashwa kwebhalbhu kusuka kumkhaza wezimpande.
Njengenye indlela yokwelashwa ngokulungiswa kwamakhambi, kungabhekwa ukwelashwa kwama-bulbs anamalambu we-ultraviolet (inqubo imizuzu emi-2 kanye ngeviki).
Zonke izinhlobo zezindlela zemvelo zomzabalazo zingasetshenziswa ama-bulbs ngaphandle kokumba - ngokuthela izixazululo kanye ne-infusions enhlabathini nokufafaza izitshalo. Kepha ukuphathwa okunjalo kusebenza kuphela uma kukhona izinsolo zokuba khona kwamakhaza ezimpande nakulesi sigaba sokuqala somonakalo wezitshalo.
Ama-insecticides nama-acaricides wokulawulwa kwezinambuzane
Kepha uma ungafuni ukuzibeka engcupheni, ukwehlulwa kukhulu impela, khona-ke izindlela ezimbili kuphela ezizosebenza:
- Imikhiqizo yemvelo evela ezinambuzaneni zezinambuzane. Amalungiselelo amaningi anamuhla asuselwa ku-oyili obalulekile kanye nokukhipha kusuka ezitshalweni, i-biohumus, njll. Kunomthelela we-insecticidal system. Futhi zingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ekulweni nemikhaza yezimpande.
- Ama-insecticides ayindlela ephumelelayo, kepha hhayi indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokulwa. Esikhundleni sama-insecticides e-systemic, kungcono ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa "ezikhethekile kakhulu" - ama-acaricides, enzelwe ukulawula imikhaza.
Ukucutshungulwa ngama-insecticides webhayoloji nawakhemikhali kwenziwa ngokufana: ama-bullet afakwe kusisombululo, alandela ngokuqinile imiyalo yomkhiqizi ekuhlushweni kwawo nasikhathi sokwelashwa. Ngemuva kokubulala amagciwane, ama asomiswe ngokuphelele, kuphela emva kwalokho aqhubeke nokutshala.
Noma yisiphi isitsha (ngisho nesitsha) lapho isibani esicutshungulwe kusuka kumikhaza ezotshalwa kuzodingeka ukuthi sibulawe amagciwane. Ekuhlanzeni ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, noma ukubilisa nokukhwehlela, noma isixazululo sezinambuzane.
Inhlabathi yokutshala isetshenziswa emisha kuphela, mhlawumbe kusuka kwinani lama-substrates athengwe ngomumo enzelwe isiqinisekiso sokwelashwa kusuka ezinambuzaneni zenhlabathi.
Noma iyiphi indlela yomzabalazo oyikhethayo, phakathi nempi enezimpande kanye ne-bulbites, kufanele ukhumbule njalo imigomo eyisisekelo yokucubungula:
- ukucubungula kuphela izingxenye ezithintekile noma izindawo akuphumeleli: ukuminza noma ukuwuhlikihla kuyadingeka ukudalula zonke izimpande kanye nobubanzi bonke besi sibalo, hhayi nje phansi;
- lezi zinambuzane zijwayela ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ukubhekana nezilonda ezinzima, ikakhulukazi uma ukutheleleka kwenzeka kaningi, udinga ukushintshana futhi ushintshe izidakamizwa njalo;
- isixazululo sanoma yisiphi isidakamizwa, noma i-biological noma i-herbal infusion, siyalungiswa futhi sisetshenziswe ngaphakathi kosuku olu-1;
- Ngaphambi kokwelashwa ngama-insecticides nama-acaricides, ama-bulb kufanele ahlanzwe kahle futhi agezwe;
- kungcono ukugeza iwindi kanye nefasitela lapho isitshalo esinegciwane sime khona siyoma;
- akufanele ukhohlwe ngemishini yokuvikela umuntu uqobo, uma kunesidingo, gqoka hhayi amagilavu nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nesethi ephelele yezingubo zokuzivikela nezibuko kanye nesiphuzo sokuphefumula, ngaso sonke isikhathi uphatha izandla nobuso ngensipho ngemuva kokuxhumana nanoma yiziphi izidakamizwa ukuze ulwe imikhaza yezimpande.
Izimpawu zokulimala kwe-bulb yi umkhaza wezimpande.
Izitshalo ezinama-bulbous "ezasinda" ukwelashwa okuvela ezingxenyeni zezimpande azidingi nje ikhwalithi ephezulu, kepha ukunakekelwa okuphelele. Nisela ngokucophelela. Ukushisa komoya nokukhanyisa kumele kuhlangabezane nezidingo zezitshalo. Amabhu anjalo ngeke akwazi ukululama ngokuphelele ngokushesha ngemuva kokufakelwa okujwayelekile, ngakho-ke kungcono ukungagijimisi ukumvundisa nokuqhakaza izimbali.
