Kunenombolo enkulu yezinhlobo nezinhlobo zama-begonias. Ezinye ziyaqhakaza kahle, kanti ezinye zithandeka ngamaqabunga abo adwetshwe. Umuntu angasho ngokuphephile ukuthi i-begonias izitshalo zazo zonke izikhathi. Ezinye izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zenzelwe kahle izimo ezivulekile zomhlaba. Kukhona ama-begonias akhule ngokwesiko emakamelweni. Futhi izitshalo eziningi zindawo yonke: zilungele ingadi kanye nasekhaya. Ungakhula kanjani i-begonia ezimweni zasekamelweni, funda le ndatshana.
Begonia.
Incazelo ye-botanical yesitshalo nezinhlobo zayo
Phakathi kwama-begonias, utshani baminyaka yonke nobuna, izihlahlana (ezikhuphuka ngezikhathi ezithile) noma izihlahlana ezinama-rhizomes akhinyayo noma ama-tuber-like thickened, ngesinye isikhathi ane-tuber, zitholakala. Amaqabunga avame ukungalingani, imvamisa ngombala omuhle (ikakhulukazi ezinhlwini ezitshaliwe). Izimbali azihambelani, azinangqondo, zinemikhono. Ama-Perianths angalingani, anemibala egqamile; izithelo ziyibhokisi.
I-genus begonia (Begonia) - enkulu kunazo zonke futhi eyaziwa kakhulu emndenini wakwaBergonia, enezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1000. AmaBegonias asabalele emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo, kanye nasezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3000-4000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, okuvame kakhulu ezindaweni ezomile zezindawo ezishisayo nezisendaweni ephansi.
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-begonias ziseNingizimu Melika, uhla lwazo enyakatho lufika eMexico. E-Asia, ama-begonias akhula esifundazweni sase-Himalaya esiseMpumalanga, ezindaweni ezinezintaba zaseNdiya, eSouth India, iziqhingi zaseMalay kanye nesiqhingi saseSri Lanka. E-Afrika, ama-begonias adlubulundela engxenyeni yayo esentshonalanga kakhulu.
Imininingwane evela ocwaningweni iveze ukuthi kukhona ubudlelwane bomndeni phakathi kwezinhlobo ezitholakala e-Afrika naseMelika. Kukhona futhi umbono wokuthi yi-Afrika okwakunguyizwekazi kusuka lapho obekude khona ogqupias wasakazekela e-Asia naseMelika. Ngokwesibalo sezinhlobo ezikhulayo zama-begonias, i-Afrika iba sesithathu emhlabeni.
Izidingo zeBegonia Ezikhulayo
Inhlabathi: Izingxenye ezingama-2-3 zomhlaba wamashidi, ingxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi, i-peat ne-humus.
Isibani: Ukukhanya kodwa hhayi elangeni eliqondile.
Ukunisela: maningi ehlobo, ngokulinganisela ebusika noma ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu: kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla emavikini angama-1-2 ngomanyolo we-liquid.
Izihlahla: ukhipha izingongolo ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali.
Ukufakelwa: entwasahlobo.
Ukuzala: ukusikwa kwamaqabunga izimpande kalula noma nezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Ukunakekelwa kweBegonia
I-Begonias iyizitshalo ezithobayo impela, futhi ezimelana nezifo, kepha ukuthola intuthuko enhle nokubukeka okuhle, udinga ukunakekelwa okufanele. Okokuqala, lokhu kusebenza kumswakama womoya. Zonke i-begonias zidinga umswakama ophezulu. Ukuqinisekisa umswakama owuthandayo, imbiza iyanconywa ukuthi ibekwe ku-peat enomswakama noma kutreyi enamanzi, kodwa ukuze imbiza ingekho emanzini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amatshe amatshe athululelwa kugqoko noma kubekwe imbiza epanini elingene ngaphakathi.
Kungcono ukuthi ufafaze umoya uzungeze i-begonia, kepha qiniseka ukuthi amaconsi awawa ezimbali nasemaceleni. Ukulinganisela kuyisidingo esiyisisekelo sezimbali ezinjenge-begonia. Ukuyinakekela kusho ukushisa okulinganiselwe - okungcono ehlobo cishe ngama- +20 degrees, ebusika okungenani +15; ukukhanya okukhanya okugqamile, kepha hhayi ukukhanya kwelanga.
Ebusika, ama-begonias ekuseni nakusihlwa angafakwa endaweni ekhanyiswe yilanga amahora amaningi. Okuhlukile i-begonia ehlala ihlala ihlala njalo. Iyabekezelela bobabili isithunzi nokukhanya kwelanga. Ukuchelela kufanele futhi kube okulinganiselayo. Inhlabathi kumele ibe manzi, kepha ingabi manzi. Ukusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuqhakaza, kubalulekile ukunisela njengoba ubumba lobumba loma, kanti ebusika, ukuthambisa kumele kuncishiswe.
I-Begonias esitsheni.
Ngenkathi yokukhula, kutusa ukondla isitshalo ngamanyolo agcwele amaminerali okungenani amahlandla amabili. Ukunweba isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwe-begonias (ikakhulukazi i-tuberous), kubalulekile ukususa izimbali zesifazane ekuqaleni kokukhula kwazo. (Izimbali zabesifazane aziphindeki kabili ngebhokisi lembewu elineminwe emithathu ngaphansi kwamathuna). Ukwenza ngcono ukwakheka kwe-tuber ye-begonias enama-tuber, ama-buds amasha kufanele asikwe ngo-Septhemba ukuze isitshalo singachithi amandla kokuqhakaza.
Ukusakazwa kweBegonia
Zonke i-begonias zizala kahle ngesiqu noma ngesihlahla esisikiwe, ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Ama-begonias ama-Tuberous agotshwa yizilimo eziyizigaxa noma imbewu. Ukusakazwa kwe-begonia ngama-nezilimo eziyizigaxa kwenziwe ngale ndlela elandelayo: ekwindla, amashubhu asuswa emhlabathini, izithungo ziyasikwa, zihlanzwe emhlabathini bese zigcinwa esihlabathini noma ekuhlafunweni ukuze nezilimo eziyizigaxa zingavuthi lapho izinga lokushisa lika + 8-10 ° C.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa zeBegonia zitshalwa ezimbizeni kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya kuMeyi, kuya ngokuthi zifuna ukuthola nini imbali yezimbali. Ukuze ukuhluma, atshalwe emabhodweni amancanyana anenhlabathi enesihlabathi, lapho ama-tubers angaphansi kwengxenye kuphela ejulile. I-Begonia kufanele iniselwe kakhulu ngokulinganisela. Ukuhluma kuhamba kancane (kuze kufike amasonto ambalwa). Okokuqala, izimpande ziyavela bese kuphela amahlumela. Ngokushesha lapho kuvela amahlumela, nezilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zifafazwe ngomhlaba futhi zihlelwe kabusha kwisilayidi esikhanyayo esifudumele.
Ukusakazeka kwe-begonias ngembewu kuyindaba enobunzima kunaleyo. Usuku lokutshala oluhamba phambili luqala ngo-December kuya ku-Mashi. Ukuhlwanyelwa amapuleti ngomhlabathi wephepha, ingxube yalowo mhlaba nge-peat nesihlabathi, noma ngqo ku-peat. Imbewu yeBegonia incane kakhulu, ngakho ayidingi ukungcwatshwa, kepha icindezelwe kancane nje phansi. Amahlumela avela emasontweni amabili. Zidinga ukutshuza izikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-2.
Ama-begonias akhulayo atshalwa ngenqwaba yomhlaba emabhodweni amancane. NgoJulayi-Agasti, izitshalo ezinjalo ziyaqhakaza, futhi ebusika babe nesikhathi sokukhula nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Leaf begonias isakazeka kalula ngokusika kwamaqabunga noma ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla ngesikhathi sokufakelwa.
Ngokugawulwa kwamaqabunga, thatha iqabunga ezansi kwesitshalo. Ubude bezimpawu zokusika i-begonia bufiseleka okungenani ngamasentimitha ayi-5. Ukhula lwengozi kuzohamba kahle uma usebenzisa ama-phytohormones. I-shank ifakwa ukuze iqabunga lingathinti inhlabathi.
Inhlabathi iyanyiswa futhi ichotshozwe lapho kusikiwe khona. Ukuzisika kwesiqu se-begonia izimpande ngendlela efanayo neqabunga, kepha ukusikwa kwesiqu kufanele okungenani kube ngu-7 cm ubude. Izimbambo kufanele zitshalwe ngokushesha emhlabathini, zingavumeli ukusikwa ukuba komile. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuxhunyelelwa yintwasahlobo, ukuqala kwehlobo.
Izifo ze-Begonia nezinambuzane
Ngokunemba kokunakekelwa, ama-begonia angalahla amaqabunga nemiqumbe. Isizathu salokhu, ngokunokwenzeka, ukungabi bikho kokuswakama enhlabathini kanye nomswakama ozungeze isitshalo. Kulokhu, iziphetho zamaqabunga ziqala zibe nsundu bese kuthi uma ukunisela kungalungiswa, ziqale ukuwa.
Umbala weqabunga eliphaphathekile ukhombisa ukukhanya okunganele. Ngomswakama ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa aphansi, i-begonia ingathinteka ngokubola okungwevu. Kulokhu, isikhunta esikhanyayo sivela emaqabunga, okubangelwa isikhunta. Izingxenye ezithintekile zesitshalo kumele zisuswe, bese ingxenye esele isaphathwa nge-fung fung. I-Powdery mildew nayo ingey yezifo zokukhunta. Ngalesi sifo, amaqabunga ambozwe imbobo emhlophe.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Powusy isikhutha ku-begonias kusatshalaliswa umoya owomile, ukuguquguquka okubukhali kokushisa kanye nokusilungiswa. Lesi sitshalo esithintekile sidluliselwa impova ngesibabule somhlabathi noma sifafazwe nge-colloidal sulfure evutshwe emanzini. Isixazululo yi-1% okuhlushwa. Kuyadingeka ukucubungula isitshalo emoyeni ovulekile. Izinga lokushisa lomoya akufanele libe ngaphansi kwama-+25 degrees. Ungasiphatha isitshalo ngesikhunta.
Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ezihlala kuma-begonias izibungu zesicabucabu (isicabucabu esibomvu) nama-aphid (izinambuzane ezincane kakhulu). Kokubili umkhaza kanye ne-aphid zihlala ngemuva kweqabunga futhi zidla ngojusi bazo. Umkhaza ubhidlizwa ngokufafaza futhi ukugeza ingaphansi lamaqabunga ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka sogwayi noma isisombululo se-salm of Dalmatia chamomile.
Ungasilapha lesi sitshalo ngamalungiselelo aqukethe i-pyrethrum noma isilwanyane. I-tick isakazeka ngokushesha emoyeni owomile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ama-aphid nawo abhujiswa yimithi ene-feverfew. Ukwelashwa kumele kuphindwe kuze kuqedwe izinambuzane.
Into ejabulisa kakhulu ukuthi i-begonia ingesinye sezitshalo ezimbalwa ezingasithokozisa ngokuqhakaza kwayo ngisho nasebusika.
