Isitshalo esiluhlaza esiphansi, ngaphansi kwamaqabunga lapho izingane ezincane zicindezelwa khona ngobunono - amakhophi omama, afana nezinkukhu ngaphansi kwamaphiko enkukhu. Lesi sitshalo sabizwa ngabantu "Inkukhu ngezinkukhu" noma i-tolmya (tolmeya). Ngiphakamisa ukuthi ngisazi lesi sitshalo sokuhlobisa esithandekayo somndeni wakwaSaxifrage eduze.
Tolmia Menzies (lat.Tolmiea menziesii). Tolmiya Menzes.
Izici zemvelo
Ngohlobo lwesitshalo, i-tolmium ingeyokumboza komhlaba. Isitshalo esinjenge-bush compact-bush, esikhula ngokushesha ngekhaphethi eluhlaza, simboza ungqimba lwamahlathi amahlathi. Emvelweni, kubhekwa nokubopha umhlabathi.
Ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu kwe-tolma kwakusezindaweni zaseNyakatho Melika, okuyizwe lakubo. I-Tolmiya isitshalo esidala esingaguquki se-Rhizome evergreen ukuphakama okungu-15-50 cm. Isihlahla esinamakhompiyutha asidluli ububanzi obungu-40 cm. I-rosette yamaqabunga aluhlaza aqhakaze okuluhlaza okotshani noma okuhlanganisiwe itholakala esiqwini esifushane. Amaqabunga amaqabunga ezihlahleni ezinde ezinendawo emnyama evamile yokuya endaweni, amathiphu abukhali kanye nokusika okwenziwe ngenhliziyo ngasisekelo, embozwe izinwele ezithambile, kuyathandeka ngokungafani. Ama-Spike inflorescence afinyelela ku-50 cm amade ngezimbali ezincane ezibukeka kahle zikakhilimu nezimbali ezinombala onsundu azifanekiseli inani lokuhlobisa futhi zivame ukususwa masinyane ukuze zingaphazamisi isihlahla sokuhlobisa. Izitolo ezincane zamaqabunga amaningana amahlumela amade (njengama-sitrobheli) zilenga phansi, futhi lapho zixhumana ne-substrate, ziba nezimpande ngenxa yezimpande zobudlova ezikhula ngokushesha. Ngenxa yaleli khono, i-tolmya ikhule ngaphakathi njengesitshalo se-ampel.
Imbali kaTolmia Menzies.
Tolmiya Menzes in zasendlini izimbali
Emndenini weSaxifragidae, uhlobo lweTolmiya lumelelwa yizinhlobo ezi-2, okuthi, ngokufana okuphelele kwangaphandle, kuhluke kuphela ekwakhekeni kwe-ovary. Uhlobo lunye lwe- “Menzies diploid tolmya” lukhulelwe ngaphakathi kwezimbali, lunamagama amaningana ahlotshaniswa nendlela yokuqala yokusakazwa kwezitshalo zezingane eziluhlaza - "Umama hen nezinkukhu," "Ubusha esegugile," "Omama abayizinkulungwane." Igama lesibili le-botanical for Tome ihlathi lamaChistets.
I-Tolmiya Menzies ingabizwa ngokuthi ukuvela ezweni lesitshalo. Inesici esisodwa esimangazayo. Mhlawumbe lesi yiso kuphela isitshalo, lapho sikhule ngevolumu encane (imbiza, isitsha esincane), siqala ukukhiqiza izingane esitshalweni sikamama esidala kuphela lapho wonke isikhala sembiza lapho i-rhizome ihlanganiswe khona ngezimpande, lapho kungekho nhlabathi khona. Amaqabunga amadala ayafa, abe yisigcawu sezitshalo ezincane. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-tolma iphindaphindeka ngezimpande ezinwabuzelayo, zakhela okuncane okuluhlaza okwambozwa ngotshani obuluhlaza obuluhlaza obuyi-5-15 cm. Isihlahla esidala siyafa kancane kancane.
Tolmiya Menzies.
Izici zeTolmiya Care
Ukukhanya nokushisa
Ngokwemvelo, i-tolma isebenzisa konke impilo yayo ngaphansi kwesihlahla sehlathi. Ngakho-ke, akadingi ukukhanyiswa okukhanyayo nelanga elishisayo, kepha akabekezeleli ukugcwala futhi udinga njalo ukufakwa komoya omusha ogcwele umswakama. Ngokwesiko lamagumbi, libekwa kangcono emafasiteleni asenyakatho. Lapho isendaweni yezindawo zokukhanya okukhulu, lesi sitshalo sidinga umthunzi ongaguquki owenziwe, ongakhiwa ngegridi enamaseli aphakathi noma shading ngefilimu yezokwelapha. Iphikisana nokubandayo nokunguhlaka. Ukushisa komoya okulungile kusuka ku-12- + 20 * С, futhi ebusika phakathi nesikhathi sokuphumula izinga lokushisa lomoya lingancishiswa laya ku + 10 * С.
Isidingo soMhlabathi
Inhlabathi yamahlathi ilula ngokwakhiwa, nenani elanele lezakhamzimba ezikhululwa ekungcoleni kwehlathi. Ngakho-ke, ukukhula iTolmiya ekhaya, kuyadingeka ukudala izimo zenhlabathi eduze kwendawo yemvelo.
Ukwakheka kwengxube yenhlabathi kumele kufake izingxenye ezi-2 zenhlabathi yamaqabunga nesihlabathi esiqhekekile, ukukhulisa umthamo womswakama nenani lomsoco, inxenye eyi-humus, i-sod ne-peat yenhlabathi inezelwa kule ngxube.
Ngokutshala, khetha amabhodwe ajulile, qiniseka ukuthi ukhipha isibulala-magciwane futhi ugcwalise u-1/4 ngodonsa kusuka kumashaka, ubumba olwandisiwe nesihlabathi esimile. Izitshalo zitshalwa yi-transshipment, ngoba uhlelo lwezimpande luqukethe inani elikhulu lezimpande ezincane, ngokuqinile lubopha inhlama yenhlabathi.
Tolmiya Menzies.
Okuhlobene nomswakama
Ukuze "izinkukhu zikamama" zizizwe endaweni yazo yendabuko, ukuchelela okunempilo, okuningi ehlobo nokugcina kusesimweni esimanzi ebusika ngesikhathi sokuphumula kuyadingeka. Njengaphansi kokugawulwa kwehlathi le-tolmy, i-microclimate enomswakama iyadingeka ehlobo. Ungawudala ngaphakathi kwesitshalo ngokugcina ubumba olunwebekile olunwebekile noma i-moss epanini. Amanzi, avele avele ebusweni besigaxa esimanzi, ahlala ethoba umoya. Njengoba womile, kufakwa amanzi epanini.
Izitshalo ziniselwa ngamanzi ahleliwe angenayo i-chlorine emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni. Ukuchelela kwenziwa kusuka kumuntu wokunisela ngekhala elincanyana eceleni kwembiza, ngokucophelela ukuze amanzi angaweli emacembe e-tolmya. Amaconsi amanzi anokuqukethwe okukhulu kwe-calcium ewa kuma-pubescent amaqabunga amaqabunga angomile ngamabala amabi amhlophe noma abangele ukubola. Inhlama yenhlabathi kumele ibe nomswakama njalo (kepha ingafaki emanzini amaningi). Izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngenyanga izitshalo ezinothuli zigezwa nge-shawa, ngemuva kokumboza inhlabathi ebhodweni ngefilimu.
Umanyolo Tolmiya
Ehlobo, ukuze kuthuthukiswe kahle amaqabunga, ama-tolma adinga ukunikezwa okwandisiwe kwezakhi zomzimba, okuqinisekiswa ukuthi kungeniswa kumanyolo wamaminerali ne-organic. Esikhathini sasehlobo esisebenzayo, i-tolma ifakwa ngomanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-18-20. Ungenza i-nitroammophoska (ingabi ngaphezu kwama-5-6 g) noma ingxube ekhethekile yeqembu lezitshalo zokuhlobisa ngaphambi kokunisela. Ukondla kwenziwa ngamanyolo wamaminerali kwifomu eliqinile noma leletshezi. Umanyolo oqinile usakazeke ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokunisela, futhi umanyolo owuketshezi oncibilikisiwe emanzini wokunisela u-10 g / 10 l wamanzi. I-Autumn nobusika azihlanganisi iTolmiya.
UTolmiya Menzies, amagama athandwayo: Umama hen nezinkukhu, Intsha esemdala, Inkulungwane yomama.
Izindlela zokukhiqiza kabusha i-tolmya
Ezimweni ezikhulayo zokufakelwa, i-tolmya isatshalaliswa ngokutshala zingane noma ngenzalo nangezingxenye zephisi. Ukuzala kabusha kwezimbewu akunamsebenzi, ngoba izakhiwo zesitshalo somama azidluliswanga, ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni nasezinhlotsheni ezinhlobonhlobo.
Ukuzalwa kabusha yizingane
Izingane zingasabalalisa i-Tolmiya ngaphandle kokuhlukana nesitshalo somama noma ngokuhlukanisa isitshalo esincanyana nengxenye yeqabunga. Esimweni sokuqala, ishidi lapho irosette eyakhiwe khona iphinwe noma icindezelwe inhlabathi. Endaweni yokuxhumana nenhlabathi, izimpande ze-embryonic zokuphuma okuncane ziqala ukukhula ngamandla. Isitshalo esinezimpande sihlukaniswe ngumama futhi sitshaleke esitsheni esihlukile.
Kwindlela yesibili, iqabunga ligawulwa ngengxenye ye-petiole (2-3 cm) ngaphansi kohlamvu lweqabunga okwaqalwa ngalo lolu rosette. Lungisa isitsha (imbiza noma isitsha) lapho kuthululelwa khona ingxube ye-peat nesihlabathi esimahara. I-petiole ingcwatshwe ngokungabonakali emhlabathini ukuze iqabunga leqabunga lifane ebusweni bayo. Ithangi lifakwa emjondolo futhi lidale izimo zokugcina ukushisa ngokumboza ngefilimu. Ekamelweni elinomswakama elinomhlabathi oswakeme njalo, isiqu sihluma emavikini angama-2-3. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1,0-1,5, izitshalo ezincane zingatshalwa ezimbizeni ezihlukene eziyi-6 cm.
Ukusakazwa ngokusika okuluhlaza
Sika iqabunga nengxenye ye-petiole. I-Petiole ngesisekelo seqabunga icindezelwa enhlabathini enomswakama. Konke okunye kufana nokuthi ukuzalaniswa kwezingane. Ngemuva kokukhula kwezimpawu, iqabunga lomzali elomile liyasuswa, futhi isitshalo esisha sitshalwa unomphela.
Ukusakazwa kweRhizome
Lolu hlobo lokuzala lusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukufakelwa kwesitshalo esidala. I-Rhizome ngemuva kokukhipha isitshalo ethangini elidala, lihlole. Susa zonke izimpande ezinesifo, nezigwegwe. I-Rhizome inqunywa izingxenye eziningi. Vula amanxeba afafazwe ngamalahle oluyimpuphu noma nge-sulfur powder kanye ne-Delenki etshalwe ezitsheni ezintsha.
Tolmiya Menzies.
UTolmiya ekuhlobiseni kwegumbi
Ekuhlobiseni amakamelo nezinye izakhiwo sebenzisa amaqabunga aluhlaza ama-tolma ama-Menzies nezinhlobo zawo, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamafomu ahlukahlukene. Ubuhle ekuhlobisweni kwangaphakathi kwekamelo kuboniswa ngokuphelele lapho sebekhulele ebhodweni le-cache-ngendlela yezitshalo ezinempilo. Isitshalo esinamacembe amaningi anamaqabunga aneminyaka ehlukene, kumithunzi ehlukene eluhlaza okotshani noma amachashazi egolide ekwakhekeni kwezimbali ezinhle sakha ukunambitheka okuhlukile ekhoneni lokuphumula noma elondolo.
I-Tolmia yakha ukuhlukahluka kwesitshalo okuhlukahlukene. Amacembe ahlukahlukene, ahlotshiswe amabala aphuzi afana nokukhanya kwelanga, ahle kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu ze-mosagate zeTolmus Gold Tuffia Gold noma iTuffa Gold, neVarulata Maculata ziyizitshalo ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlobisa. Kepha njengawo wonke ama-mosagates, anomsindo. Ziyahlukahluka ezinhlotsheni zamaqabunga aluhlaza ekuzweleni okwandayo kweleveli yomswakama wenhlabathi, ukubumbana kwenhlabathi, futhi azimelani kangako nezifo nezinambuzane. Ezimweni zobusika badinga lokushisa eliphakeme okukhona +15 - + 17 * С. Ukuze ungalahli ukuhlobisa, zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo ze-mosagate (kanye nezinhlobo zamaqabunga aluhlaza) zidinga ukufakelwa konyaka, futhi njalo ngeminyaka emi-5 kufanele zitshintshwe ngokuphelele nezitshalo ezintsha.
Tolmiya Menzies.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
I-Tolmia ilinyazwa yisibungu sesicabucabu, ama-mealybugs, izinambuzane ezikalwa ngezinyawo kanye nama-aphid. Izindlela zokulawula izinambuzane ngamakhemikhali azemukelekile ekhaya. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo kufanele zihlolwe ngokuhlelekile futhi lapho kuvela ama-cobwebs amhlophe engaphansi kwamaqabunga aphuziwe (amakamela esicabucabu), inganono emhlophe kuma-petioles (mealybug) noma amachashaza ansundu (amabala), aphathe izitshalo ngamalungiselelo emvelo weVertimek, Iskra-bio, Fitoverm nabanye. Ama-aphid angasuswa ngesisombululo se-soapy sikagesi wokuwasha izingane. Ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa, yenza isivivinyo sokuhambisana (fafaza amashidi we-1-2 bese ulandelela ukusabela). UTolmiya empeleni akaguli. Ukujikeleza okubonakalayo kwamaqabunga kuhlotshaniswa namanzi angena ekhasini leqabunga. Umoya omile ngokweqile, umoya ophakeme kakhulu ungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo.
