IColchicum (Colchicum) ibizwa nangokuthi i-colchicum, kanye nezihlahla zasekwindla. Ihlobene nohlobo lwezitshalo eziqhakaza izimbali zisetshenziswa zomndeni we-colchicum. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, isitshalo esinjalo singatholakala eNtshonalanga naseCentral Asia, eNyakatho Afrika, eYurophu naseMedithera. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-70 zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Igama lesiLatini lesitshalo esinjalo livela egameni elithi "colchis", elihumusha ngokuthi "Colchis" - indawo esifundeni saseLwandle Olumnyama, iqiniso ukuthi lapho ungahlangana nezinhlobo eziningana ze-colchicum. Abantu babiza isitshalo esinjalo ngokuthi "umbala ongafani nhlobo" noma "umbala wekwindla", futhi konke ngoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuqhakaza kwe-colchicum ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi. Imbali enjalo itshalwa kuzo zonke izindawo lapho kunesimo sezulu esipholile.
Izici ze-Colchicum
Isitshalo esinjalo se-herbaceous sihlala njalo, futhi futhi siyi-ephemeroid. Unenqwaba yamahlumela amafushane lapho kukhona khona amapuleti amakhulu amaqabunga angenalutho. Zikhula futhi zikhule ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo, futhi zife ngokuphelele ekuqaleni kwenkathi yehlobo. Phezu kwama-corms kukhona igobolondo elinombala onsundu. Igobolondo elinjalo lakha ishubhu ende edonsela engxenyeni engezansi yezimbali. Izinhlobo eziningi zamabhulogi we-colchicum entwasahlobo. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izinhlobo, ukuqhakaza kwenzeka entwasahlobo. Izimbali ezimise okomshini owodwa zikhula kusuka enhlabathini. Ubude bembali enjalo, kanye ne-perianth fused in the tube (iningi lakhona lingaphansi kobuso bomhlaba) amasentimitha angama-20. Izithelo ziyibhokisi le-oval elinamakhi amathathu womumo oyindilinga. Isitshalo esinjalo siphethe ubuthi; UDioscorides ngokwakhe wakusho lokhu emisebenzini yakhe. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ubuthi bukuyiphi ingxenye yalesi sitshalo.
Ukukhula kwe-colchicum kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Indlela yembewu yokuzalanisa i-colchicum ithatha isikhathi esikhulu. Iqiniso ngukuthi isitshalo esikhule ngale ndlela siqala ukuqhakaza kuphela emva kweminyaka eyi-6 noma engu-7, ngemuva kokuba isibani sesikhulile sathola amandla. Kodwa-ke, ngale ndlela ungasabalalisa nje izinhlobo ezimbalwa zalesi sitshalo eziqhakaza entwasahlobo, futhi ngisho nezinhlobo ezingakhi ama-bulbs endodakazi (ngokwesibonelo, i-colchicum ephuzi). Ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu, kusetshenziswa inhlabathi enomswakama evundile egcwele izakhamzimba. Imbewu evuthiwe ihlwanyelwa ngokushesha nje emva kokuqoqa kwayo (imvamisa ekuqaleni kwenkathi yehlobo). Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, bacwiliswa isikhashana emanzini ahlanzekile. Imbewu ayijulile. Esimweni lapho bekungeke kwenzeke ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvunwa, lapho-ke kuyodingeka ihlelwe kabusha izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela ngqo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele abekwe eshalofini esiqandisini. Esikhundleni sokwehlisa imbewu, kunconywa ukufaka isokisi noma amasheya, okumele alungiswe ngaphakathi ethangini lokuthayela lasendlini yangasese. Ngemuva kokufafaza ngakunye, imbewu iyahlanzwa, ngenxa yokuthi kususwa ama-inhibitors, futhi lokhu kunomthelela ekwandeni okukhulu kokuhluma kwembewu.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kumele kwenziwe enhlabathini evulekile. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu, izimbobo zenziwa embhedeni, ezansi lapho udinga ukubeka khona ungqimba oluhle lwamanzi, futhi hhayi isihlabathi esiningi kufanele kuthululelwe phezu kwaso. Izithombo zokuqala zingabonakala kuphela ekuqaleni kwenkathi elandelayo yekwindla, kepha kwesinye isikhathi izithombo ziyavela kungekudala. Ukunakekela izithombo ze-colchicum ngeke kube nzima. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa izithombo futhi lapho kunesidingo ukuzinkcenkceshela, kuyilapho ukuthambisa kuyema ngemuva kokufa kwamapuleti amaqabunga, futhi ungakhohlwa ukhula njalo. Futhi izitshalo ezisencane zidinga ukumbozwa ekwindla ukuze zingaholi ebusika. Ukuze ukhule imbali enjalo kusuka kwiimbewu, isipiliyoni nokubekezela kuyadingeka.
Ukutshala kwangaphandle kwe-colchicum emhlabathini ovulekile
Isikhathi sokutshala
Ngokutshala i-colchicum, kunconywa ukukhetha izindawo ezinokhanyo kahle, kepha ngisho nasethunzini elincane ziyakhula futhi zikhule kahle. Kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma imbali enjalo itshalwe endaweni enomthunzi ngaphansi kwezihlahla, khona-ke ama-slugs angaqala kuyo. Izitshalo zenhlabathi zidinga kukhanywa kahle, ngoba izimpande zazo zisebenza kabi ekugxambeni kwamanzi. Ngokutshala, ungakhetha inhlabathi ye-alkali noma i-acidic, kanye nobumba olungasindi kakhulu, okungafanele lugcwale umswakama. Eduze kwezimbali ezinjalo, kunconyelwa ukubeka i-juniper noma ama-peonies, iqiniso liwukuthi amaqabunga awo amahle azophazamisa kusuka ku-colchicum ngesikhathi lapho amahlamvu awo ayoba aphuzi futhi angahlanganisi.
Lezo zinhlobo eziqhakaza zazo zibonwa ekwindla, kufanele zitshalwe maphakathi no-Agasti. Uma i-bulb inkulu ngokwanele, khona-ke ingaqhakaza ngonyaka wokuqala.
Ungayitshala kanjani i-colchicum
Lapho utshala isitshalo esinjalo endaweni evulekile, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqaphele ibanga phakathi kwezimo, ezingamasentimitha ayi-10-20. Ama-bulbs amancane kufanele atshalwe angabi ngaphansi kwamasentimitha ayi-8, futhi amakhulu - hhayi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-20. Ngesikhathi sokutshala kwama-bulbs, i-ash ash (1 ilitha lezinto nge-1 metres yesikwele) ne-superphosphate (1 isipuni esikhulu esigcwele ngemitha eyi-skwele elilodwa) kufanele sengezwe emhlabathini. Ngesikhathi sokutshala, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kumashubhu oku-isibani, akhiwa ngezikali. Kumele bahlole emhlabathini, ngoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izimbali zizovela kubo. Ukusika ishubhu elinjalo akufanele, ngoba kulokhu, ihlumela elakhiwe kuzodingeka licindezele ungqimba lomhlabathi osindayo ukuze lufike endaweni yalo. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi kumele ilungiswe, ngoba lokhu, ngesikhathi sokumba, kufakwa ingxenye yokubhakelwa kwesihlabathi kanye nebhakede eli-1 le-humus kuyo. I-Colchicum etshalwe nama-bulbs iqala ukuqhakaza ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5.
Ukunakekelwa Kwe-Colchicum
Akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ekunakekeleni isitshalo esinjalo. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngesikhathi lapho isitshalo siqhakaza, khona-ke lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngesikhathi sesomiso nokushisa okungapheli. Ngezinye izikhathi, imbali enjalo akufanele iniswe ngoba izoba nemvula yemvelo eyanele. Khumbula ukuthi ukubhala amanzi kufanele kugwenywe.
Ukufaka umquba khiqiza izikhathi ezi-2 noma ezi-3 ngesizini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali (amagremu ama-30 nge-1 imitha skwere), ngenkathi ulungiselela isixazululo esibuthakathaka (2 amagremu ento nge-litre eyodwa yamanzi). Khumbula ukuthi i-nitrogen kumele ibe yingxenye yomanyolo. Ekwindla, umquba kufanele usetshenziselwe inhlabathi. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuhleleka okuhlelekile komhlaba ongaphezulu futhi ususe notshani lokhula.
Ungashintsha kanjani
Endaweni efanayo, le mbali ingatshalwa isikhathi eside (cishe iminyaka engu-6-7), khona-ke kufanele idluliselwe endaweni entsha. Kodwa-ke, abalimi abanolwazi bayeluleka ukuthi ukufakelwa kwezinto kwenziwe okungenani isikhathi esisodwa eminyakeni emi-2 noma emi-3, kungenjalo ama bulamu akhula abe maningi kakhulu, kanti izimbali zincanyana.
Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokutshala nokutshala isitshalo esinjalo ngu-Agasti. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-colchicum iphumule. Kodwa-ke, ukumba ama-bulbs kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngemuva kokuthi amapuleti eqabunga aphuzi, njengomthetho, kulokhu uwela engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni. Kusukela kuma-bulbs, kufanele ususe umhlabathi ngokucophelela, kanye nokususa amaqabunga asele. Hlukanisa ama-bulbs endodakazi nawomama, ngenkathi ukhumbula ukuthi awokugcina awasetshenziselwa ukutshala okulandelayo. Ngemuva kwalokho u-anyanisi kufanele agezwe ngobumnene emanzini agobhozayo, ngemuva kwalokho abekwe imizuzu engama-30 kwisisombululo se-potanganum permanganate ye-disinitness. Ngemuva kwalokho ama-tubers adinga ukuthi omiswe ngokuphelele futhi agcinwe endaweni eyomile, emnyama, ngenkathi izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele libe cishe ngama-24 degrees. Ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, ama-indodakazi ahlukanisiwe kufanele atshalwe emhlabathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho yokubamba ifana ncamashi nalena esetshenziselwa ukubamba i-colchicum (echazwe ngenhla). Kulokhu, ungakhohlwa ukufaka umhlabathi inhlabathi.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Iminenke, kanye nama-slugs, angahlala imbali enjalo. Lezi zinambuzane zidla amaqabunga awo. Uma inhlabathi icishe ifakwe amanzi njalo, lokhu kungadala ukukhula kokubola okungwevu. Ukuze ugweme ukuvela kwama-slugs, ingaphezulu le-aisles kufanele limbozwe ngesendlalelo lwamagobolondo aqhekekile, amatshe amatshe ahlanzekile noma igobolondo kusuka emaqanda. Futhi emngceleni wesayithi, ungabeka imisele eyenziwe ngopulasitiki, lapho udinga ukuthulula khona amanzi. Bayoba yisithiyo esingenakunqotshwa sama-slgs neminenke.
Uma i-colchicum ivame ukuniselwa njalo isikhathi eside isikhathi eside, khona-ke ukubola okungwevu kungavela kuyo, okubhekisele ezifweni zokukhunta. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi imbali ingenwe kakhulu, ungazama ukuyelapha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunconywa ukuthi uphathe isihlahla ngeChampion, iTopazi, iKuproksat noma yimuphi omunye umkhiqizo ofana nawo. Ngaphambi kokucubungula, gawula futhi ushise lezo zingxenye zesitshalo ezithinteke kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukubuyekeza uhlelo lokuchelela.
Ngemuva kwezimbali
Kukhona abalimi abasika izimbali ezonakele namaqabunga esitshalo esinjalo ukuze kukhange ukuheha engadini yezimbali. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akunasidingo. Iqiniso ngukuthi u-anyanisi wokuvuthwa udinga lonke ubungqabavu. Kulokhu, yilezi zingxenye eziwele zodwa okufanele zisuswe esizeni.
Izinhlobo eziphambili nezinhlobonhlobo ezinezithombe
Izinhlobo eziningi zamabhulogi we-colchicum ekwindla. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo futhi eziqhakaza zazo ezibonakala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kepha azithandwa kangako phakathi kwabalimi.
Ukuqhakaza kwentwasahlobo
I-Colchicum ephuzi (Colchicum luteum)
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, lolu hlobo luthanda ukukhula emaphethelweni emadwaleni e-Himalayas, Pamir, Tien Shan naseTibet. Ikhiqizwe kusukela ngo-1882. Ukuqhakaza kwesitshalo esinjalo kuqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokumbozwa kweqhwa. Izimbali ezingamasentimitha amathathu ubukhulu zinombala ophuzi ophuzi, kuyilapho ukuphakama kwazo kungaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-15. Amapuleti amaqabunga emfushane, apendwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, akhula kanyekanye ngezimbali.
I-Colchicum hungaricum
IHungary ibhekwa njengendawo okuzalwa kuyo imbali enjalo, kodwa nayo ingahlangatshezwa eGrisi, e-Albania, kanye nasendaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi yiYugoslavia. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kuyabonakala ekupheleni kwesikhathi sobusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Izimbali ezi-pink-nsomi noma ezimhlophe zine-anthers yombala we-maroon. Ingxenye engenhla nomphetho wamaqabunga amaqabunga, akhula ngenkathi lesi sihlahla siqhakaza, abe nenhlanganisela enkulu yezinwele ebusweni bawo. Izinhlobonhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu i-Velebit Star.
I-Colchicum ankara, noma enamahlamvu amathathu, noma i-Biberstein (Colchicum ancyrense, Colchicum biebersteimi, Colchicum triphyllum)
Lesi sitshalo sithathwa njenge-ephemeroid yokuqala. Ngakho-ke, kwezinye izikhathi, ukuqhakaza kwayo kuqala ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaDisemba, futhi kuphele ngo-Ephreli. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, le nhlobo ingatholakala eMoldova, ezindaweni eziseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Ukraine, eCrimea, kanye nasezindaweni ezisentshonalanga zeTurkey. Isakhiwo ngasinye sinamaqabunga ama-3 acashile, afiphele, anombala ocwengekile wombala ongwevu, onqenqemeni lawo linobukhazikhazi, kanye nezimbali ezi-2 kuya kwezi-4 zombala we-pink-lilac.
I-Colchicum Regel, noma i-Kesselring (Colchicum regelii, Colcicum crociflorum, Colchicum kesselringii)
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ivame ukutholakala ngamabhande ama-subalpine nama-alpine, atholakala endaweni ephakeme okungenani ngamamitha ayi-2 000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Futhi umbono onjalo ungahlangatshezwa eTien Shan nasePamirs. Kukhona isibani esidlulile namaqabunga acwebile angama-2-7, onqenqemeni lwawo olucwecwa kahle noma olubushelelezi. Kulesi sibalo, kunezimbali ezimhlophe ezi-1 kuye kwezingu-4, ohlangothini olungafanele lwezikhonkwane zemilenze imivimbo ebubende ngokunsomi. Izimbali ziqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba iqhwa selincibilikile.
Zithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi yilezi zinhlobo ezinjengokuthi: I-Sovicha, ethanda amanzi futhi igcwele izikhwebu.
Ukuqhakaza kwe-Autumn
I-Colchicum ekwindale
Ukulungiselela ukukhula emasimini nasezihlathini zamahlathi. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, le nhlobo ingatholakala emazweni aseYurophu kusuka kumaCarathiathi naseLatvia iye e-England nase Ntshonalanga France. Kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2 000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Isihlahla sesitshalo esinjalo sifinyelela ukuphakama okungadluli amasentimitha angama-40. Amapuleti amafulethi, aqhakaza amaqabunga akhula entwasahlobo, futhi ekuqaleni kwehlobo aphuzi aphuzi. Ukusuka kwesinye isibani sikhula kusuka kuzimbali ezi-1 kuye kwezingu-4, ezidwetshwe nge-lilac noma emhlophe, ubukhulu bayo okungamasentimitha ayi-7. Amafomu alandelayo aziwa kakhulu:
- I-Autumn emhlophe - Leli fomu ngokwemvelo lingahlangatshezwa njalo. Ukusuka engxenyeni eyodwa kaSepthemba, izimbali ezingama-5-7 ziyavela ku-bulb eyodwa, ubude bayo bungaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-15. Isikhungo sabo siphuzi, kanti i-perianth imhlophe qhwa.
- I-Autumn terry - ubude bezimbali ezimbubende bungamasentimitha ayi-12, kanti ubukhulu bawo bungamasentimitha ayi-5. Imbali ngayinye inamacembe amaningi (cishe izingcezu ezingama-35). Ubude bamapuleti amaqabunga aluhlaza amnyama amasentimitha angama-25, futhi ububanzi bawo ngamasentimitha amane. Izimbali ziqala kamuva kunezinye izinhlobo, okungukuthi, ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Okthoba.
- I-terry emhlophe ye-Autumn - Imbali ngayinye emhlophe yetryry inezinhlobo ezingama-45. Lesi sitshalo besilokhu siqhakaza kusukela maphakathi no-Septhemba.
- I-Autumn neddista - Leli fomu lakhuliswa eCzech Republic. Izimbali zipendiwe ngombala opinki okhanyayo.
Futhi kunezindlela ezinje lapho izimbali zipendwe ngombala onsomi omfushane noma onsomi. Izimbali zeBaconfield zinendawo emhlophe nombala onsomi.
I-Colchicum langa (Colchicum speciosum)
Umhlaba ongowokuzalwa walezi zinhlobo yiTurkey, iTranscaucasia nengxenye esenyakatho ye-Iran. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kucishe kube yingxenye yemitha. Ubude bamapuleti amaqabunga aluhlaza agcwele angamasentimitha angama-30, futhi ububanzi bawo ngamasentimitha ayi-6. Amaqabunga anomphetho we-wavy. Ziyafa ekuqaleni kwenkathi yehlobo. Izimbali ezinkulu zipendwe ngombala we-lilac noma onsomi-onsomi, zineshubhu ende yombala omhlophe. Izimbali ziqala ngoSepthemba. Lolu hlobo lunezinhlobo eziningi zegadi, isibonelo: ubomvu obumnyama, iTurkey, mhlophe, isiqhwaga, njll. Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu yilezi:
- Huxley - Izimbali ze-mauve zishintsha umbala wazo kancane zibe nsomi onsomi.
- Amanzi - Izimbali eziphindwe kabili zombala we-lilac.
- Prime - Lokhu okuhlukahlukene sekwephuzile ukuqhakaza. Izimbali zayo zikhanya kakhulu futhi zinombala we-lilac-pink.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo ezigeleza ekwindla, izitshalo ezinjengeFomina, Stevina, Trudy, Sibtropa, iJerusalem, isithunzi, ukukhanya, iPannonia, Neapolitan, Kochi, Cilician, Byzantine, motley, Bornmüller, onsomi omnyama, njll.
Phakathi kwamafomu ama-hybrid, athandwa kakhulu yilezi: Autumn Herald, Princess Astrid, Dick Trotter, uViolet Queen.
