Lesi sitshalo esimangazayo nesikhanyayo, esisikhumbuza i- “chamomile”, sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi “igolide yemini”, ngoba ama-inflorescence awo avuleka kuphela ngezikhathi zantambama, futhi ngisho nangaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho kunesimo sezulu esishisayo.
Igama lawo yiGazania (IGazania) etholwe ukuhlonipha umpristi wase-Italy uTheodore waseGaza (1393-1478), owayephila ngekhulu le-15 futhi waduma njengomhumushi wemisebenzi ka-Aristotle noTheophrastus olimini lwesiLatini. Maphakathi nekhulu le-XVII, lesi sitshalo sangeniswa eYurophu. Kwezimbali zezimbali sebenzisa i-gazania hybrid (IGazania x i-hort e-hybrid.), etholakala ngokuwela izilwane zasendle eziningana.
IGazania. © AlvesgasparIGazania ingeyomndeni wakwa-Asteraceae, noma iCompositae. Ezasekhaya - iNingizimu Afrika, isifunda saseCape. Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-50.
Lezi izitshalo ze-herbaceous ezikhula kancane ezinamaqabunga noma zingenaso isiqu esifushane, ezikhula ezinhlabathini ezivulekile, ezinhle ngokubabazekayo ezindaweni ezomile ezinomswakama omningi ebusuku. Amacembe amnyama aluhlaza okotshani noma aluhlaza okotshani obumbahlaza obomvu okuvela esonweni okumhlophe asindiswa kusukela ekushwabeni ngokweqile ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-pubescence igcina amaconsi omswakama. Ukwakheka kwamaqabunga ezitshalweni kuyahlukahluka futhi kungalinganiswa, kube ngesandla, kukhululwe, kuqondwe ngobude noma kube yi-cirrus. Baqoqwe endaweni ethengisa izimpande. Impande ingumgogodla, ovumela isitshalo ukuthi sikhiphe amanzi kusuka ekujuleni kwezikhathi ezomile. Izimbali ziqoqwa kubhasikidi omkhulu wama-inflorescence-obhasikidi, afinyelela ku-5-10 cm ubukhulu. Ngasemaphethelweni we-inflorescence emugqeni owodwa kunezimbali ezingamanga-ezingisi. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo, zingaba ngemibala ehlukene, kepha isisekelo salowo nalowo sihlotshiswe ngebala elimnyama elakhela iphethini yendandatho ecinene futhi inikeze isikhalazo esikhethekile kuma-inflorescence. Maphakathi ne-inflorescence-basket kunezimbali eziningi ezincane ze-tubular ezinombala onsomi omnyama nobubomvana. Imbewu yakheka kuphela izimbali bisexual tubular. Izimbali eziyize ezingamanga ziyinyumba. Isici esithandekayo se-gazania ukuthi ama-inflorescence awo ahlala evulekile kuphela ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhanya kwelanga. Ebusuku nasendaweni yesimo sezulu esinamafu, i-corolla yezimbali eziseceleni igoba ubude bese imboza esezindongeni eziphakathi. Ama-Achenes ezitshalweni anwele, anama-crest. Ku-1 g, kunezinhlamvu ezifika ku-250 ezigcina ukuhluma zingadluli iminyaka emibili. Ama-Peduncle, ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, afinyelela ubude be-15-30 cm.
IGazania. © Noodle UngadlaUkunqoba kwe-gazania kwaqala lapho abafuyi bezithelo benza izinhlobo ezingajwayelekile kanye nezinhlobonhlobo, phakathi kwazo okukhona okunezinhlobo zama-terry. Lezi yizitshalo ezinama-inflorescence angajwayelekile futhi aqhakazile ukusuka kumapinki apinki kuya obomvu, anezimbali ezingatheni ezibunjiwe, ngakho obhasikidi bawo abupheli isikhathi eside. Zingaphezu kwepulasitiki, zibekezelela isimo sezulu esipholile kangcono, futhi ekuseni ama-inflorescence avuleka kakhulu kunalezi zinhlobo. Izinhlobo ezinjalo azivezi imbewu, ngakho-ke zisatshalaliswa ngokusikwa kuphela.
IGazania ibukeka kahle kakhulu ngemikhawulo yokudidiyela ngezinto zeminyaka kanye nonyaka, kwizaphulelo ezixubile, ngamaqembu amancane ezindaweni ezi-rockeries nasezingadini zamadwala, eduze kwezibambo nezimpande, emivotweni, emabhodweni, abatshali kanye nakubhasikidi, emithanjeni, kumakhalkini nakuma-loggias. Bahle nge-lobelia, i-chamomile, i-gypsophila, i-dimorphic, ene-ageratum eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-arctotis, i-ursinia ne-venidium. Ngokwe-gazania, i-gazania igcinwa emanzini izinsuku ezintathu kuya kweziyi-5. Ama-inflorescence amakhulu we-gazania aheha ngemibala yawo engajwayelekile futhi ayihlobiso yanoma iliphi ilungiselelo lezimbali nezimbali.
IGazania. © patrizia zanettiIGazania isitshalo esine-Photophilous and Thermophilic. Emthunzini nasezindaweni ezimnyama kuyelula futhi kungaqhakaza. Ukulima okuphumelelayo kudinga izindawo ezinelanga ezivulekile. Ikhetha inhlabathi ekhanyayo, etshalwe ngokujulile futhi enomsoco. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kokutshala, izitshalo ezincane zondliwa ngomanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali. Kumhlabathi ompofu, ukugqoka phezulu kufanele kwenziwe njalo emavikini ama-2 ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali. Zonke izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-gazania zithanda ukuthambisa okulinganiselayo futhi azibekezeleli umswakama owedlulele. Emhlabathini omningi wobumba, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zemvula, abukeka ecindezelekile. Uma i-gazania ikhule ezitsheni, izitshalo kufanele zondliwe njalo ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi ngokuphumula kwezinsuku eziyi-10-14 ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Izimbali ziqala ngenyanga kaJulayi futhi ziyaqhubeka kuze kube yiqhwa lokuqala. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-gazania zibekezelela ukwehla kwesikhashana kwezinga lokushisa kuya ku-3 C. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nasemaRussia maphakathi, i-gazania ayibusika ebusika, ngakho-ke ikhule njengonyaka. Kepha ebusika azinazinkinga egumbini elipholile nelikhanyayo, emagumbini okugcina izithombo ezingadini nasebusika endaweni yokushisa ka + 5-10 C. Ebusika, ungavumeli inhlabathi yomile ngokuphelele ezitshalweni, amanzi ngokulingana. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokwehla, usike amahlumela ngesigamu. Izitshalo zobusika ziyaqhakaza ngasekupheleni kuka-Mashi-Ephreli. Ukususa ama-inflorescence aqothulwe kuthuthukisa ukwenziwa kwamabhasikidi amasha. IGazania ayamelana nezilokazane nezifo.
Sakaza imbewu ye-gazania kanye nokusikwa.
Lapho isakazwa ngembewu, izithombo zivela ezinsukwini eziyi-10- 14 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, emazingeni okushisa ka- + 20-22 C. Kuhlume izithombo zangena emanzini, ngaphandle kokulinda ukwakheka kweqabunga lokuqala leqiniso. Uma ukha, kuyadingeka ukufinyeza umgogodla, uphule isicoco. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-710 kukhethwe, izithombo zondliwa ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi. Ukugqoka okuphezulu okuphezulu kwenziwa emavikini amabili. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo zidinga ukushiswa, kancane kancane zijwayele amazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene: ilanga elishisayo - phakathi nosuku, futhi liphansi - ebusuku. Maphakathi neRussia, izithombo ze-gazania zitshalwa engadini yezimbali maphakathi noMeyi. Izithombo zitshalwe ngenhlama yomswakama yomhlaba noma emabhodweni we-peat, ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo kufanele libe cm 15-20. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-80-100, izitshalo ziyaqhakaza. Uma uhlwanyela i-gazania yezithombo ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, khona-ke izimbali zizoqala ekuqaleni kukaJulayi.
NgoJulayi-Agasti, i-gazania isakazwa ngemisiko ethathwe kumahlumela asezingeni ngaphansi kwesiqu. Ukuze kube nokubanjiswa kwezimpawu, ukusikwa kugcinwa kuzixazululo zomlawuli wokukhula kwe-auxin - 0,1% naphthylacetic acid (NAA) noma 0.5% indolylbutyric acid (IMA). Ekuqaleni, bavikeleke elangeni eliqondile nasokuhlaka. Esikhathini esizayo, ngaphambi kokutshala emibhedeni yezimbali, zikhula ekushiseni kwe + 15-18 C nokukhanyisa okuhle, okuniselwe njengenesidingo.
Izikhombo Zokusebenza:
- Shvelidze. C. IGazania - South Africa “daisy” // Emhlabeni Wezitshalo Namba 12, 2009. - k. 24-27
- Plotnikova. L. Magnolia // Emhlabeni Wezitshalo Namba 5, 2003. - k. 40-45
