I-Manchurian walnut ekhotheni ehlobo

Izihlahla ezinamandla ze-walnut kaninginingi zazinikeza abahambi isivikelo nokudla, abantu ababekubabiza kakhulu ngokuthi yinkosi yamantongomane. Izihlahla ezinhle ezinomndeni womndeni we-walnut zifanekiselwa ama-walnuts futhi zihlala zihlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussian Federation kanye neCIS. Amahlathi abo ahlobisa umgwaqo futhi ahambisana nabahambi ohambweni olude, abanye abamele bakhula emagcekeni ezindawo zokulala zamadolobha, futhi, kuzo zonke izindlu zekhaya. Kodwa-ke, indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwama-walnuts inomkhawulo esifundeni eseningizimu kanye nemizamo ephindaphindwe yokuthuthukisa isiko enyakatho yaphela ngehluleka.

Kepha kubathandi bamantongomane ezifundeni ezibandayo zasenyakatho nentshonalanga kunendlela yokuphuma. Ungakhula hhayi ama-walnuts, kodwa amantongomane ama-Manchurian, anezindawo ezifanayo nezithelo, kodwa abonakala ngokuqhathanisa nesithwathwa esiphakeme. Amafriji amade angama-30 namafushane angama-45 awalimazi izihlahla zabantu abadala.

Isihlahla se-Manchurian walnut. © T. Abe Lloyd

Manchurian Walnut, noma uDumbey Walnut (Juglans mandshurica) - Uhlobo lwezihlahla ezinqumayo noma izihlahlana zohlobo lweWalnut (IJuglans), Umndeni uNut (Juglandaceae).

Indawo yokusabalalisa ye-Manchurian walnut

Uhla lokusatshalaliswa kwemvelo lwe-Manchurian walnut luwela kwiFar East, eNyakatho neChina, kanye neNhlonhlo YaseKorea. Ikhula ikakhulukazi emahlathini e-oak-maple ahlanganisiwe, ikhetha indawo yangomakhelwane ne-larch, uphayini, umsedari kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlwathi. I-Manchurian walnut ngendlela elinywayo iyakhula futhi yakha izitshalo esiQhingini Solovetsky, eLeningrad, Vologda, eMoscow nakwezinye izindawo zaseRussia.

Incazelo yemvelo ye-Manchurian walnut

Ukubukeka kwe-Manchurian walnut ngokubukeka kufana ne-walnut, kepha kunezici ezihlukile. Iqabunga leqabunga nalo liyinkimbinkimbi eyinkimbinkimbi, kepha inkulu kunaleyo ye-walnut, ifinyelela ubude obufika ku-1 m, iqukethe amaqabunga amancane ayi-7 - 19 (10 cm cm), ifakwe emaphethelweni, inephoyinti elikhonjisiwe. Amantongomane atholakala emagatsheni ezincezu ezi-2-7, amancane kunama-walnuts, anogobolondo obukhulu kakhulu, obukhombe ngakolunye uhlangothi. Amagxolo amasha alimpunga, abushelelezi, amnyama ngokweminyaka futhi aba mnyama ezindaweni. Lapho ukutshala izithombo, kwakha isivuno sokuqala sonyaka we-4, futhi ngembewu - nge-7-8. Iminyaka yokuqala engama-20-30 ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukukhula konyaka, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yokuqala, kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2.

Izithelo ze-Manchurian walnut. © Qwert1234

Izimbali zabesilisa (amakati) we-Manchurian walnut. © Qwert1234

Izimbali zabesifazane ze-Manchurian walnut. © Qwert1234

I-Walnut Manchurian isitshalo se-monoecious, sakha ngokuhlukile izimbali zabesilisa nabesifazane. Amadoda ngendlela yamacici amade amnyama aqhakaza ngasikhathi sinye lapho izikhala zivulekile. Owesifazane, omelelwa amabhulashi amancane amancane agqokayo. Igcotshwe ngumoya. Izimbali zenzeka ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. Ukuvuna amafomu e-walanc Manchurian walnut ngeminyaka engu-1-2. Ngokuphuzi kwamaqabunga, izithelo zilungele ukuqoqwa (amashumi amathathu nesithandathu kaSepthemba).

Izici ezinhle ze-Manchurian walnut

Izikhonkwane ezinamafutha angaphezu kwama-50% asetshenziswa zintsha.
Kusuka kumantongomane aluhlaza (ekuqaleni kukaJuni) ubisi olubisi (2 cm ngosayizi) lulungiselelwe i-jam enambitheka kakhulu.
I-decoction yamaqabunga avunwa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza isetshenziselwa izifo zepheshana lesisu, ukuqina kwamathumbu, kanye nokwehlukahlukana kokuhlobana.
Kusetshenziswa amaqabunga amasha emanxebeni ukuvikela ukubola. Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-furunculosis.
Ukwelapha ukhunta ezinyaweni (ngisho nesipikili), iqabunga lakhiwa kabusha njengetiye. Ngemuva kokupholisa, izinyawo zigcinwa esixazululweni imizuzu engama-20-30. Inqubo yenziwa phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-7-10.
I-decoction yamaqabunga ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yezinwele (isheshisa ukukhula, ibuye ikhanye, iqeda i-dandruff).
Ihlanza uthuli luphuma emoyeni kahle. Lesi sitshalo siqukethe i-bactericidal ntho yuglon (iphunga le-iodine), elikhipha amagciwane emoyeni kumagciwane.

Manchurian Walnut

Sebenzisa ekuhlobiseni indawo

I-Manchurian walnut - ifinyelela ukuphakama okungama-10-25 m, iyaziwa ngokuncipha kwesiqu esakhiwe nomqhele osabalalisa kabanzi. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ingakhula ngendlela yesihlahla futhi ngale ndlela inikeze nesitshalo sezithelo. I-Manchurian walnut ingeyezilimo zokuhlobisa ezikhula ngokushesha. Ngenxa yomqhele wawo onamaqabunga okuhlobisa, i-nut ifanela ngokuphelele kunoma yikuphi ukubukeka komhlaba. Kuyasebenza ekutshaleni ingadi ye-dacha yesikhathi sonyaka, ku-perimeter, nasendaweni ethathwe ngokuhlukile. Amahlamvu amantongomane anika omiyane abangaguquki, abasabalalisa, ngakho-ke i-hazel ingumsizi omuhle ekwakhiweni kwekhoneni lokuphumula. Ehlukaniswa ngokukhethekile yi-aesthetics yawo ama-plantings ahlanganisiwe nama-conifers, ahlobisa izindawo ezinotshani obunamakhethini aluhlaza.

Ungakhula kanjani i-walanc Manchurian ekhaya

I-Manchurian walnut yisiko eli-Photophilous, elingasabi imimoya, kepha elizwela isomiso. Kusakazwa izithelo nezithombo ezilungiselelwe. Ungathenga izithombo ezinhlanganweni zezentengiso ezithengisa ngezinto zokutshala. Kuyinto engathandeki ukuthenga izithombo kusuka kubathengisi abangahleliwe.

Ukusakazwa yizithombo

Izithombo ze-Walnut kunzima ukubekezelela ukufakelwa. Ngakho-ke, ukunquma ukusabalalisa isiko ngendlela yezitshalo - ukutshala izithombo, udinga ngokushesha ukukhetha indawo efanele. Amantongomane izitshalo ezithanda ukukhula zinamakhanda zivulekile. Ngakho-ke, le ndawo, kufanele ibe yilanga, ingagudlulwa yizihlahla ezinde. I-Walnut ikhula kahle ezindaweni eziphansi, kepha inhlabathi kumele ivundile. Ngokunikezwa ngohlelo olungena ngokujulile olunempande enkulu enamagatsha, izithombo zidinga ukutshala kude nezakhiwo. Uma izihlahla eziningana zitshalwe ngokulandelana, khona-ke izimbobo zezithombo ziyahlelelwa ku-10-12 m.

Ukutshala izithombo kungenziwa ngoSepthemba noma ngo-Ephreli. Silungiselela umgodi wokufika ngokujula okungama-80-100 cm okungenani nevolumu elingana nohlelo lwempande yesithombo. Sibeka amanzi ngaphansi komgodi, ongasebenzisa ngaphansi kwawo izitini ezaphukile, itshe elichotshoziwe nokunye okokusebenza. Sithululela ungqimba lomhlabathi olusimboza i-drainage kanye nengxenye yomgodi wokufika. Uma inhlabathi incishisiwe izakhi zomzimba noma ubumba obukhulu, lapho-ke silungisa ingxube yokufika. Ungqimba olungaphezulu lomgodi wokufika luhlanganiswa ne-humus, i-turf nesihlabathi ezingxenyeni ezihambisanayo 4: 2: 2: 1. Faka u-20-40 g / kahle we-superphosphate kanye nomanyolo we-potash. Esikhundleni somanyolo we-potash, ungenza ingilazi yomlotha wokhuni. Hlanganisa ingxube elungiselelwe kahle.

Manchurian walnut yisithombo. © Chika Oka

I-Sapling (iminyaka eyi-1-2 ubudala), ihlole, ifushanise impande ephakathi. Sifaka enkabeni yembobo bese siyibopha masinyane isikhonkwane. Ngokwengxenye sigcwalisa inhlanganisela yenhlabathi, sigcwalisa ngokucophelela ibhakede lamanzi, bese kuthi emva kokufaka, sengeze inhlabathi esele, siyiqhekeze ngesiqu. Faka elinye ibhakede lamanzi eli-0.5-1.0. Faka umhlabathi ezungeze isiqu nge-peat, sawdust (hhayi i-coniffort), umquba ovuthiwe, amahlamvu anempilo. Sifaka izithombo ezifudumele zobusika, njengoba esemncane amathiphu wegatsha angabanda. Ukuze kufudumale, sisonga i-shtamb kanye namagatsha aphansi nge-burlap noma ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe bese sivikela inetha kusuka kuma-rod. Simba inetha emhlabathini bese siyinyathela. Ebusika, ngemuva kwamaqhwa eqhwa, siphinda inqubo ukuze amagundane anjengegundane angahambi iqhwa elisha.

Ukusakazwa kwembewu

Lapho kusakazwa i-nati ngembewu, izimfanelo ezinhle zesihlahla somzali azihlali zidluliselwa kusitshalo esisha. Ekusakazweni ngembewu, amantongomane aneminyaka engu-1 kuya phezulu asetshenziswa. Kusukela ngonyaka wesithathu wokugcina, ukuhluma kwembewu kuncishiswa kakhulu. Imbewu ingahlwanyelwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ukutshala ubusika bezithelo zasebusika kufanelekile. Kulokhu, ukuqina ngokweqile akudingekile futhi izithombo ziyavela ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo.

Ukutshala imbewu ye-hazel, sikhetha indawo evundile enamanzi amaningi, siyinisele ngokucophelela, senze ingadi. I-Walnut ayikubekezeleli inhlabathi ene-acidic, ngakho-ke sengeza izinkomishi ezi-2-3 zomlotha wezinkuni nge-1 sq. Km. m bese ugaya kuze kufike ekujuleni kuka-10-15 cm. Senza izimbobo ukuthi zingama-8-10 cm ukujula ebangeni elingama-8-10 cm. Amantongomane ahloselwe ukutshala afakwa emapharafini kusuka kumagundane ahlubukayo nezinye izinduku abekwe emgodini kubambo. Sigcwalisa ngomhlaba nange-mulch phezulu nganoma yiziphi izinto zokugcina umswakama. Ukuba sesimweni semvelo, izithelo zelenadi ziyaqhubeka nokuhlakazeka kanye namahlumela anamandla avela entwasahlobo.

Amahlumela izithombo zingatshalwa ngokushesha kube impande engaphambi kwangaphambi kwawo. Ungayishiya isendaweni yokuqala konyaka futhi uyihlwanyele ngokuphelele ekwindla ngo-Agasti, ngaphandle kokukhohlwa ukufushanisa impande ephakathi. Lokhu kusebenza kuvusa ukukhula kwesiko. Ukudlulisa umhluzi ohlume noma isithombo, kufanele unqume ngokushesha indawo yaso yaphakade.

I-Manchurian Nut Care

Lapho ufaka esikhundleni seyisithombo noma isithombo esivele unomphelo, zama ukugcina indawo yokuqala yesihlahla sesitshalo ihlobene nezingxenye zomhlaba, ezizovumela ukuthi zikhule ngokushesha. I-Walnut isitshalo esithanda umswakama ngakho-ke ngonyaka wokuqala inhlabathi kumele igcinwe inomswakama njalo. Siphuzisa ukunisela izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngenyanga, ngaphandle kokugcwalisa inhlabathi. Eminyakeni engu-2-3, sinciphisa imvamisa yokunisela kuya izikhathi ezingama-5-7, futhi eminyakeni elandelayo sinisela ngenkathi yehlobo 1 isikhathi ngenyanga. Ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi kumele ikhululwe, ngenkathi ibhubhisa ukhula nomanyolo. Ngonyaka wesine, izihlahla ziyaqhakaza futhi zinganikeza isivuno sokuqala.

Kuyo yonke le nkathi, ukunakekela izihlahla ezincane kubandakanya ukufaka umanyolo ngamanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium, asetshenziswa kanye ezitshalweni ezingcono ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwezithelo (June). Ungondla i-superphosphate kuphela, kepha qiniseka ukwengeza ingilazi yomlotha wezinkuni, oqukethe isethi enkulu yama-macro- nama-microelements adingekayo ekuthuthukisweni okujwayelekile kwesiko. Izihlahla kudingeka zimbiwe minyaka yonke ngaphandle komqhele. Izihlahla ezivuthiwe zibekezelela isomiso esifushane kanye nezikhukhula zesikhashana zohlelo lwezimpande. Ukuvikela izihlahla ezincane ekushisweni yilanga, ungakhohlwa ukwenza mhlophe amagatsha esiqu kanye namagatsha anamathambo ngesisombululo sikalamula ngokufakwa kobumba nokunamathela. Ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe bezolimo, izihlahla empeleni azithinteki ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni.

Ukwakhiwa komqhele

Ukuthenwa komqhele okwenziwe ngesikhathi nangesikhathi esiphakeme kungenye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ye-walnut. Ngokomongo, i-Manchurian walnut ayidingi ukwakheka komqhele wokufakelwa. Uyazibumba. Kulokhu, ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko kuphela okwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ngesikhathi sokuphumula kobusika, ukusika owomile, ama-curves akhula ngaphakathi kwegatsha. Kepha lapho ukhula endaweni encane, udinga ukungenelela komnikazi. Lokhu kubangelwa ubukhulu besikhala samahhala esizeni, ezinye izitshalo ezikhula eduze kwesihlahla se-walnut.

Uma kunesidingo, ukwakheka komqhele kuqala kusuka ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila kwe-nati, futhi kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Manchurian walnut ingakhiwa:

njengomuthi ohlumayo onesiqu esifushane,
njengomuthi wesigaxa esisodwa onesimo somqhele ovulekile,
njengesihlahla esineziqu ezimbalwa eziyinhloko.

Ukuze wakhe umuthi obabayo, isithombo esisesincane kunazo zonke sishiya esinye sezimpande eziphakathi ezikhuleke kakhulu, ezibunjiwe njengesiqu, kuze kufike ku-50-80 cm ukuphakama. Esiqwini esizayo, wonke ama-buds asuswa. Ngemuva kwalokho amagatsha amakhulu wamathambo abekwa isiyingi ezungeze isiqu kubude obufanayo ukusuka komunye nomunye. Igatsha ngalinye lamathambo kufanele libe ne-angle enkulu yokuqhamuka esiqwini. Uzothola isihlahla esihlakazayo, esinamagatsha anamandla aqinile, umqhubi osenkabeni nendawo enkulu yomthunzi. Igatsha elingaphezulu le-skeletal kwi-conductor ephakathi linqunywa ezingxenyeni zezinso eziseceleni. Umqhele ubeka umkhawulo ukukhula kwawo ubheke phezulu, futhi ukushiya igatsha lamathambo kuya ohlangothini kuvumela ilanga ukuba lingene ngaphakathi komqhele.

Uma indawo yesakhiwo sincane futhi ingakuvumeli ukwakheka kwesihlahla esiqhakaza, ngenxa yokubumbana kwezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo eziseduze, ungabe usunika umuthi umqhele wesundu owenziwe ngesigaxa esisodwa. Kulokhu, isiqu esisodwa sihlukaniswa, esakhiwa ukuphakama okungenani 1.5-2.0 m, sisusa zonke izinso eziseceleni kuso. Ngenhla kunamagatsha asemathanjeni, akha umqhele ovulekile ongacasuli izitshalo ezikhulayo eziseduze. Ingagawulwa futhi ibe ngesimo sebhola ngezinyathelo eziningana. Umuthi ufana nesihlahla sesundu esine- "tassel" yamagatsha phezulu. Ukuma kwebhola kutholakala ngokufinyeza amagatsha aphansi ngo 2/3 we ubude. Kuze kube phakathi kwebhola lesikhathi esizayo, ubude bokusika buncishiswa kancane kancane bube ngu-1/3, bese kuthi ngokuncipha kwehle kube ngaphezulu komqhele. Inketho yesibili ingumnotho owengeziwe, ngoba ngeke ifihla ezinye izitshalo.

Ukuma kwesihlahla kufaneleka kakhudlwana lapho utshala ezungeza uzungu lwendawo. Isihlahla sakhiwa ngemvuthuluka eminingana, amagatsha anamathambo awo aqala ngo-40-50 cm ukusuka emhlabathini. Lokhu kulungele ikakhulukazi uma ngasizathu simbe umqhele uzokufa. Amahlumela amasha azosuka ezimpandeni, futhi lesi sitshalo singaphinde sakhiwe kabusha, sinikeze isitshalo esisha umqhele oyifunayo.