I-Krinum (Crinum) - esinye sezitshalo zasendlini ezinhle kakhulu ezivela emndenini wakwa-Amaryllis. Ngenxa yesithombe sokuqhakaza kwakhe, abalimi abaningi babekezelela ukwenqena kwakhe futhi bamnakekele ngokucophelela.
Izitshalo zasekhaya - izindawo ezishisayo kanye nezindawo ezingaphansi kweAsia, Africa, America. Ingatholakala ezindaweni ezinodaka, osebeni lwezindikimba zamanzi. Isitshalo esinamaqabunga amakhulu anezimbali, sathola igama laso ngenxa yokuvela kwamaqabunga amade: "crinis" ngesiLatini sisho "izinwele".
Ama-krinum ama-peduncle (anesithombe)
Amabhuleki e-krinum yesikhathi eside (isithombe esiphakanyisiwe sizokuvumela ukuthi ubacabangele kakhudlwana) zivame ukuba zikhulu, ubude be-60-90 cm, nobubanzi obungafika ku-25 cm, intamo iphakathi:
Amaqabunga ahlala eluhlaza okotshani, obumbeke njengebhande, eluhlaza okotshani ngombala, aze afike ku-1 m ubude, akha isiqu esingamanga, ekugcineni lapho kutholakala khona fan - kwakhiwa ngamaqabunga amaqabunga. Amacembe asemasha ahlanganiswa abe ngotshani. Isitshalo esikhule kahle sinamaqabunga angaphezu kwama-20.
Umcibisholo wezimbali uthwala kufika ku-8 pinkish, drooping, izimbali kufika ku-15 cm ububanzi, zihlanganiswe ku-inflorescence eyenziwe ngesambulela.
I-peduncle kwesinye isikhathi ifinyelela kumitha ubude; imbali e-evergreen krinum iphuzi, kwesinye isikhathi ibe ne-raspberry hue, imise okomshini, inephunga elimnandi. Ukususa izimbali ezifiphele kungandisa isikhathi sezimbali zesitshalo. Phakathi kwama-inflorescence amaqabunga ama-9 kuya kwangu-12 akhiwa, i-inflorescence uqobo ikhula kuphela lapho amabala amaqabunga esivele omile. Bahlala emhlanyelweni emavikini langu 4-5.
Izithelo ziyibhokisi lesimo esingajwayelekile, ngaphakathi kukhona imbewu enkulu enamanzi. Ijazi lembewu kunokunikezwa kwamanzi anele ukuze imbewu ivuthwe, bese kwakhiwa isibani esisha.
Blooms ikakhulukazi ekwindla. Isitshalo usuku olufushane. Ezimweni ezidingekayo enhlalakahleni, isibani siphila isikhathi eside. Lapho i-krinum ikhula kakhulu, izoba khona insimu engaphezulu.
Isebenza njengomhlobiso omuhle wamakamelo amakhulu anamazinga okushisa aphansi, zombili ezakhiweni zokuhlala nasezindaweni zomphakathi. Ngokuphelele uhlala engadini ebusika. Ezinye izinhlobo zizizwa zizinhle emanzini.
Izinhlobo ze-krinum yegumbi
Ososayensi bachaze izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-150 ze-crinum e-evergreen. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zithandwa kakhulu kusiko lwangaphakathi.
I-Krinum Asia (C. asiaticum), isibani kuze kufike ku-15 cm cm. Amacembe abanzi wesimo egobile, onqenqemeni lonke, cishe amasentimitha ayi-120. I-inflorescence yezimbali ezimhlophe zeqhwa ezimhlophe ezingama-20-50, ezinama-petals axinisiwe. Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi uvela ezinhlanzini zamanzi eNtshonalanga Afrika.
Intandokazi ye-Krinum (C. amabile), anyanisi osayizi abaphakathi. Kushiya isilinganiso esingu-25-30, imitha nengxenye ubude. Isambulela se-inflorescence siqukethe izimbali ezingaba ngu-30. Izimbali ezibomvu zicwebezela ngombala onsomi nokumhlophe, elimnandi kakhulu. Ama-petals aqondile, uhlangothi lwawo olungaphakathi lumhlophe, ubude be-10-15 cm. Luhlotshiswe ngemibalabala ye-violet hue. Izimbali zivame ukwenzeka ngoMashi, kwesinye isikhathi ziyaqhakaza futhi. Izwe lakubo lingamahlathi akude esiqhingini saseSumatra.
I-Krinum Moore (S. moorie), amaqabunga e-green hue ekhanyayo, afaka iphethini ekhethekile yemithambo emincane engaba ngu-90 cm. Inhlamvu ecishe ibe ngu-20 cm. Isimbali se-krinum enjalo singabonakala esithombeni: imhlophe qhwa, kwesinye isikhathi izimbali ezinombala obomvana, ngendlela yezinsimbi, zibekwe ama-6-12 ama-pcs.
I-anyanisi yembewu crinum: ikhula ibe ngu-80 cm ukuphakama. Ngamaqabunga agobekile abanzi, onqenqemeni lwe-wavy, izimbali zokusika okwedlule, umbala upinki noma mhlophe. Ama-petals ahlotshiswe ngentambo ebomvu ebanzi.
I-Krinum Powell: iyi-hybrid etholakala ngokuwela iKrinum Moore neKhalin-seed Krinum. I-bulb iyindilinga obukhulu, ifinyelela ku-15 cm ububanzi. Amaqabunga amise okomhluzi aze afike ku-100 cm ubude. Ama-blooms ane-inflorescence yezinsimbi ezikhanyayo ezipinki noma ezi-8-12.
I-Krinum Abyssinian (C. abyssinicum). Ikhula esifundeni sezintaba sase-Ethiopia. I-bulb i-oval, i-7 cm obukhulu, inentamo emfushane. Ihamba ikhuphukela phezulu, imvamisa isisindo sama-pcs ayi-6.
I-Krinum enkulu (C. giganteum). I-bulb enkulu nemithambo yakha iphethini ebekiwe eqabungeni, amaqabunga ngokwawo egeleza ezansi, ubude obungu-60-90 cm. Izimbali zimhlophe ngombala, ngephunga elihlukile, ubude obu-20 cm.I-pericarp tube igobile kahle, amasentimitha ayi-10,5. Eziqhuma kahle ehlobo.
I-Krinum American (C. americanum). Ezimweni zekamelo akuvamile - ngenxa yobukhulu bawo. Ilungele ingadi ebusika noma igumbi elikhulu.
Izimo zokuqukethwe kanye nokutshala okufanele kwe-anyanisi crinum
Izidingo zemvelo. Izici zokuqukethwe kwe-krinum yangaphakathi ngokuyinhloko zifaka ukukhanyisa.
Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo sidinga ikakhulukazi ukukhanyiswa okuhle, ilanga nomoya, asesabi ukukhanya kwelanga, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuyikhipha emoyeni. Emoyeni omusha udinga ukuvikela emimoyeni enamandla nokuvela kwemvula engenzeka. Umthunzi awudingeki nhlobo - lapho kunokukhanya okukhanya ngokwengeziwe, isitshalo sizizwa singcono, sikhula kangcono. Indawo enhle kakhulu ingaba iwindi laseningizimu. Ngalesi sikhathi, kunesidingo sokuthi uqiniseke ukuthi isitshalo asihlangani nengilazi yewindi, ngaphandle kwalokho kunobungozi bokushiswa ezindaweni zokuthinta. Ama-Window sills ngokufinyelela entshonalanga nasempumalanga nawo afanelekile.
Ebusika, ekuphumuleni, i-krinum igcinwa ingaphakathi endlini emazingeni okushisa angama-14-16 ° C. Ezikhathini ezinamafu, i-krinum njengesitshalo esithanda ilanga idinga ukukhanya kunanini ngaphambili: inganikezwa kusetshenziswa izibani ze-fluorescent, phytolamp, ukudala ukukhanya kwelanga okugcwele.
Ehlobo nasentwasahlobo, izinga lokushisa elamukelekayo ngu-18-22 °, ebusika lingehla laya ku-9-12 °. Izitshalo ezisencane zidinga izinga lokushisa lika-16-18 ° C, ngeke zikwazi ukukhululeka ezindlini ezibandayo.
Iqhaza elibalulekile kulinyalo olufanele lwe-krinum engenasisekelo idlalwa yinhlabathi: Okokuqala, kumele kube nokunomsoco futhi kukhululwe. Isendlalelo esingezansi kufanele sibe nomhlaba wokulinganisa, okuhlaza okotshani kanye nesihlabathi ngokwesilinganiso 2: 1: 1. Ngobusuku bokubamba, kumele kubulawe amagciwane ngokuwuthambisa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate. Kudingeka ithangi elikhulayo elinendawo enkulu evulekile; amanzi kufanele abe ezansi.
Ukunakekela i-krinum ezimweni ezijwayelekile zasendlini akulula kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuqhakaza, ukuthambisa kufanele kube kukhulu, kepha ngaphandle kokubamba amanzi, ebusika - ngokulinganisela (isikhathi esingu-1 emavikini angama-2-3). Ingaphezulu lenhlabathi kumele lome ngempela ngaphambi kokunisela okulandelayo. Lapho isitshalo siphela, umswakama wenhlabathi uyancipha. Ngasikhathi sinye, inhlabathi ayikwazi ukuvunyelwa ukuthi yome, ngoba izimpande zezitshalo zesitshalo zisebenza unyaka wonke. Ukunisela kumodi edlule egcwele ngokuphelele kuyabuyiselwa, kufanelekile ukuvela ngomcibisholo wezimbali. Amanzi wokunisela krinum othanda ukushisa ekhaya kufanele abe emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni.
Kabili ngenyanga benza umanyolo wezimbali zasendlini. Ukondla kwenziwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhula, izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha umanyolo owuketshezi wokuqhakaza izitshalo zasendlini, ukhishwe ngokuya ngemiyalo. Ukuqala kokondla - lapho kuvela amaqabunga amancane, ukuphela - emva kokuqhakaza kwesitshalo.
Amabhule atshalwa kanyekanye ebhodweni elisendaweni yobukhulu bawo. Izimbiza zokutshala ama-krinums amancane zithatha amancane - cm angu-13 cm. I-Krinum itshalwa kungasaphathwa kube kanye eminyakeni engama-3-4, kusetshenziswa isakhi sezimbali esenziwe ngomumo noma ingxube engenhla yomhlaba nesihlabathi.
Ukuphinda kwenziwe kangcono ehlobo: izingane ezibonakala zizungeze isibani sesibeletho, noma imbewu. Izingane zihlukaniswe ngokucophelela kusuka kusitshalo esikhulu, indawo yokusika kumele iphathwe ngamalahle achotshoziwe. I-anyanisi ngayinye kufanele itshalwe ebhodweni elihlukile, ububanzi bawo kufanele bube yi-9-12 cm. Kuyadingeka ukutshala ukuze ingxenye engenhla ihlukanise ingxenye yesithathu yenhlabathi. Beka ama-crinums asemancane avuthayo endaweni ekhanyayo, womesa inhlabathi ngokulinganisela. Amabhule akhula ngokushesha okukhulu, agcwalisa ithangi. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva konyaka, izitshalo ezithuthukayo zidluliselwa emabhodweni amakhulu (cm 12-15 cm), emva komunye unyaka, ububanzi bezimbiza bazokhula bube ngu-15 cm cm. Umanyolo wePhosphate uthululwa emhlabathini.
Ukutshala i-krinum ehlala ihlala njalo emhlabathini ovulekile futhi uyinakekela ayilethi ubunzima obuningi: udinga nje ukuhlanza umhlaba kusuka ezitshalweni ezilimazayo, qiniseka njalo ukuthi uyakhululeka, futhi ungakhohlwa ukunisela amanzi ngokuhlelekile, ukunciphisa ukunisela ngalezo zinsuku lapho kungekho ilanga. Ebusika, udinga ukuvikela lesi sitshalo kusuka ekushwabeni nakwesimo sezulu esibi - ngesendlalelo se-peat, amaqabunga noma indwangu.
Ukutshala imbali engaphakathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-krinum ebhodweni olusha kwenzeka njalo ngonyaka kuze kube seminyakeni engu-3. Izinhlobo zabantu abadala zitshalwa kanye njalo eminyakeni engama-3-4. Isikhathi esihle salokhu ngoMashi, lapho ukukhula kungakaqali. Kuyadingeka ukufakelwa ngokucophelela, uqaphele ukuthi ungalimazi izimpande. Izinqubo ezilimele kufanele zisuswe kanye nomhlabathi omdala ongadingekile.
Ukuze ulwazi lokutshala nokunakekela kahle izimbali zasendlini - i-krinum emangalisayo - luphelele, kufanele kufakwe ukuthi izitshalo zabantu abadala zidinga ukuguqula indawo ephezulu njalo ngonyaka.
Izifo ze-Krinum nezinambuzane
Ngokunakekelwa okungafanele, i-anthracnose ingavela - amabala amnyama emacembe. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokushisa okuphakeme noma umswakama.
Esinye isifo "ukushiswa okubomvu": amabala abomvu avela kunhlamvu namaqabunga. Lapho welapha isitshalo, udinga ukususa zonke izingxenye ezonakalisiwe, phatha isitshalo ngeFundazole.
Kulezi zinambuzane, i-amaryllis mealybug, inambuzane esikalini, iyingozi. Isixazululo esibuthakathaka sensipho noma ama-insecticides sizosiza ukuwasusa.
Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nezimo ezikhulayo kungaholela emiphumeleni engathandeki: lapho kungekho kukhanya, isikhathi sokuphumula, kanye nokuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba, isitshalo kungenzeka singaqhakaza. Umswakama owengeziwe uholela ekuboshweni kohlelo lwezimpande.
