Noma ngubani okwakudingeka asike i-alder wabona ukuthi, njengoba isidlulile amagxolo abushelelezi omnyama, imbazo liveza imbaza yalo ebomvu-orenji, oshintsha umbala ube nsundu ngokubomvu, bese kuba nsomi onsomi. Izinkuni ze-Alder nazo zihlukaniswa yile ndawo. Vele usike, umhlophe, emva kwezikhathi ezimbalwa uqala ukubomvu, bese kuthi lapho womile, uba umbala obuthuntu obomvana. Kepha amandla okushintsha umbala wezinkuni kungenye yezinto eziningi ezithokozisayo zomhlanga obizwa ngokuthi mnyama (amagxolo ezihlahla ezindala amnyama) noma anamathela (amadevu amancane, amahlumela namaqabunga anamathela).
I-alder emnyama, noma u-Alder unamathele, noma u-Alder European (Alnus glutinosa) - uhlobo lwezihlahla zohlobo lwe-Alder (Alnus) womndeni wakwaBirch (I-Betulaceae).
Black Alder Wood © Sten PorseAkunazalo olulodwa olwakha ukutshala okunjalo okuminyene, okumnyama, futhi okungaphephile kubantu. Akulula ukuncoma ubuhle bomhlanga. Njengoba ikhule ngotshani obude obukhulu, phakathi kwayo kukhona izimbabazane ezinolaka kanye namahlumela enhlama engakatholwa, i-alder ethempisi ifihla izingxenye ezifihlakele zobukhulu obujulile. Ngemuva kwalokho vele ubheke ngaphansi kwezinyawo zakho bese unesikhathi sokulwa nomiyane ocasulayo.
Futhi i-alder yaphakamisa isibonda-esikhwameni esishubile, esicishe sibe ngamamitha angama-30 ukuphakama, okunomqhele omncane omncane obomvana ocwebezelayo, ongacacile ukuthi uzwakala kangakanani ngesiqongo esikude. Kungemva kokuphela kwekwindla lapho i-alder ilahlekelwa khona ngubo yayo, futhi okuphawulekayo ukuthi amaqabunga awa luhlaza ngokuphelele. Ngokubanzi, isivakashi esingahleliwe kuphela i-birch noma i-spruce, kanti i-bird cherry ne-viburnum ihlala isemaphethelweni.
Sekukonke, isithombe sibuhlungu kakhulu kumuntu angajwayele ihlathi. I-arborist inethemba elikhulu ngokwengeziwe. Isikebhe esingenakusebenza? Kepha ihektha layo linika amamitha angama-cubic ezinkuni ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-alder ingumhlabathi onqabile: yakha izigaxa ezimpandeni ngamabhaktheriya amunca nitrogen emoyeni.
I-alder emnyama, noma i-alder enamathela, noma i-alder yaseYurophu (Alnus glutinosa). © Myrthe PelI-Alder izalela ngokushesha okukhulu. Iziqu zakhe zinikeza wonke amasimbali amafishi akhula ngokushesha angakhula ngamamitha ayi-1.5-2 ngonyaka wokuqala, bese ekugcineni afinyelele kubungako ababandulele. Kodwa-ke, imbewu ye-alder iyanqoba. Entwasahlobo yokuqala, yayinsundu-nsundu, efana ne-birch, amakati aqhakaza, ukudumba nokukhipha amafu aphuzi.
Izimbali zomhlanga omnyama. Ama-male (ama-catkin) nama-females (ama-cones) ama-inflorescence. © Ramon Bravo AlisedaNjengoba ikhahlazeka futhi ihlakazeka ngumoya, iyaphenya izimbali ezincane ezincane zezimbali zabesifazane ezihlahleni ezingomakhelwane. Sebenzisa le nkathi nezinyosi, uqoqe ngamandla impova ye-alder ukondla ingane. Izimbali ezifakwayo zakha izigaxa ezincane, okuthi entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo zisakaze emakhulungwini ezinkulungwane zembewu enamakhilogremu ngosayizi.
Ukuvula izigaxa kuhlangana nesikhukhula sentwasahlobo. Ukuchitheka kusiza ukusakazwa kwembewu ye-alder ebangeni elide. Babambe kahle emanzini, bathantaza khona isikhathi eside kuze kube yilapho sebezinza ogwini, lapho behluma khona.
I-alder eluhlaza, noma i-Mountain alder (Alnus viridis). © Matt LavinIzinhlobo ze-Alder
Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-30 zifaka uhlobo lwe-alder, zazo eziyi-12 ezikhula endaweni yezwe elaliyiSoviet Union. Izazi zezilwane zasendle zibheka “ngesibindi” kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezifuywayo i-alder shrub: ikhuthazelela ngokuqinile izimo ze-Arctic, ikhula kulo lonke ihlathi-tundra, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuyi-tundra.
Awukwazi ukwenqaba isibindi futhi i-alder enenwele, njengoba sezinzile ezindaweni ezinamashane nezishabalalayo kakhulu ze-Colchis en swarky. Yebo futhi alpine Nepalese ngokuzithoba okukhulu. Inendawo enamatshe amakhulu e-Eastern Himalayas eseMpumalanga. Izinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezweni lethu nokho zithathwa njenge-alder emnyama, ebhebhetheka cishe yonke indawo engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia futhi imvamisa idlulela ngale kwe-Urals iye eYenisei. Ukhuni lwayo oluhle, olupinki, noluka-sheen kulula ukucubungula futhi kuliphenywa kakhulu. Isetshenziswa kalula ekwenzeni izinsimbi zomculo nezinto zokwemba. Amalahle avela ngokhuni olumnyama olusetshenziselwa ukudweba nokuhlomisa imishini yokuvikela amakhemikhali.
I-Nepalese alder (Alnus nepalensis). © John RuterNgenxa yokuhlobisa kwazo, zombili ezimnyama nezinye izinhlobo kanye nezinhlobo zomhlanga ziyatshalwa emapaki eduze nemifula, amachibi, amachibi. Kusazongezwa ukuthi izithelo ezi-alder zingukudla okuthandayo kakhulu kwe-siskins ne-tapas.
Ngakho-ke ukujwayelana kwethu nesihlahla esithandekayo kwenzeka, okuyinto amahlathi ngokuvamile athi: "cishe i-chameleon."
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo: S. I. Ivchenko - Incwadi emayelana nezihlahla
