Ithanga

I-herbaceous plant plant squash ejwayelekile (Cucurbita pepo) imele uhlobo lwethanga lomndeni emndenini wakwaPumpkin. Lesi sitshalo kubhekwa njengesitshalo ikhabe, imvelaphi yaseMexico. I-pumpkin ibilokhu ikhula esigodini sase-Oaxaca okungenani iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyi-8. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yethu, isitshalo esinjalo sasakazeka eNyakatho Melika ezigodini zemifula iMississippi naseMissouri. Isiko elinjalo lalethwa eYurophu ngabathumbi abavela eSpain ngekhulu le-16; kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, selikhulile kabanzi e-Asia naseMhlabeni Omdala. I-India, China neRussia zingabadlali ekulimeni isivuno esinjalo.

Imifino emnandi kangaka ilusizo olukhulu, uginindela wayo uqukethe izakhamzimba eziningi ezidingekayo emzimbeni womuntu, futhi iqukethe nemifino engandile kaVitamini T. Imifino iqukethe imbewu yethanga, efaka uwoyela onemiphumela yokulwa nokuvuvukala nokuvuselela, kanye akubangeli ukungezwani komzimba.

Incazelo emfushane yokukhula

1. Ukufakelwa. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu enhlabathini evulekile kwenziwa ngemuva kokuba ifudumele kuze kufike kuma-degree ayi-12-13, kufanele angcwatshwe enhlabathini ngama-70-80 mm. Ukutshala amathanga ezinhlanyelo kwenziwa ngo-Ephreli noma izinsuku zokuqala zikaMeyi, futhi lesi sitshalo sitshalwa singene emhlabathini ovulekile ngezinsuku zokugcina zikaMeyi noma ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJuni.
2. Inhlabathi. Noma ngabe ngubani ofanele, noma kunjalo, ithanga likhula kangcono emhlabathini onempilo, okufanele ugayiwe kusengaphambili futhi wonke umanyolo wezimbiwa ezidingekayo kanye nezinto eziphilayo kufanele ungezwe kuwo.
3. Ukunisela. Lapho izithombo zitshalwe emhlabathini, kufanele ziniselwe 1 isikhathi ngosuku ngaphambi kokuba kube nezimpande. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuthambisa akufanele kube kaningi kakhulu kuze kube yilapho usayizi wama-ovari ulingana nenqindi. Uma lina ngokuhlelekile ehlobo, khona-ke awukwazi ukunisela ithanga ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kokuba izithelo ziqale ukuthola isisindo, kuyadingeka ukuthi kancane kancane ukhulise inala yokunisela kuya kumalitha ayi-10 ngesihlahla esidala esisodwa.
4. Umanyolo. Ezinsukwini eziyi-7 ngemuva kokutshala izithombo enhlabathini evulekile, zinikezwa isisombululo se-mullein noma izinkukhu zenkukhu. Ngemuva kwalokho, kanye emavikini ama-4, ama-bush ayondliwa ngezinto eziphilayo, kuyilapho kufanele kube khona ama-3 noma ama-4 okugqokwa okuphezulu.
5. Ukuzala. Ngendlela yokuzala (imbewu) engesiyo yezithombo noma ngezithombo.
6. Izinambuzane eziyingozi. Ama-aphon ama-Melon, i-podura (noma i-foottails emhlophe), ama-wireworms, ama-slugs.
7. Izifo. Ukubola okumhlophe, i-anthracnose, i-ascochitosis, i-Powdery isikhutha nobumba omnyama.

Izici zethanga

Izimpande zezindebe eziyisiqalo sethanga ziyakhamba kanye nepentahedral. Phezu kwamahlumela amnyama kukhona i-pubescence enama-prickly, ubude bawo buhlukahluka kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-8 m.Amapuleti amaqabunga amade alandelayo anezinhliziyo ezinomzimba ezinhlanu noma ezibunjiweyo ezinhlanu, ubude bawo buba ngamasentimitha angama-25, futhi ebusweni bawo kukhona i-pubescence, emelelwa yizinwele ezimfushane nezilukhuni. Eqabungeni ngalinye i-sinus iyi-tendril evulekile. Izimbali ezinkulu ezizodwa zobulili obuhlukile zinombala wewolintshi noma ophuzi. Izimbali zabesifazane zinama-pedicel amafushane, kanti nezimbali zesilisa zinde. Izimbali ziqala ngoJuni noma ngoJulayi, impova yezimbali isiphambano. Izithelo ezinkulu ezinamanzi ibhele lamathanga wamanga, elinomumo oyindilinga noma oyindilinga, ngaphakathi kunezinhlamvu eziningi ezivuthwa ehlobo lokugcina noma emavikini okuqala esekwindla. Ubude bembewu emhlophe kokhilimu buyi-10-30 mm, lapho umugqa ophuma khona udlula emaphethelweni, igobolondo elingaphandle linesihlahla.

Ukhula imbewu yethanga

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu

Ungakhula ithanga kusuka ezinhlanyelweni ngokusebenzisa izithombo, futhi zingatshalwa ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile. Kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinhlobo ezinjengethanga le-nutmeg zingatshalwa kuphela ngezithombo. Ukuhlwanyelwa enhlabathini evulekile kwenziwa kuphela ngemuva kokuba kufudunyeziwe ekujuleni okungama-70-80 mm ekushiseni kwama-degrees ayi-12 kuye kwangama-13. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuhlwanyela, imbewu nendawo kufanele zibekwe ngokulungiselela ukuhlwanyela ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Okokuqala, imbewu iyafudumala, ngoba ibekwa ekushiseni cishe amahora angama-9 kuya kwayi-10 (cishe ama-degree angama-40), ngemuva kwalokho ibekwe kusixazululo somlotha amahora ayi-12 (2 tbsp womlotha wezinkuni nge-litre eyodwa yamanzi abilisiwe), ngenxa yalokhu, umbungu udlula ngokushesha kakhulu ngokusebenzisa ikhasi eliminyene nelinamandla. Lapho-ke kufanele kufudunyezwe kuhhavini, emva kwalokho kusongelwe ezingxenyeni eziningana ze-gauze, okufanele kufakwe oswakanyiswe kahle kusixazululo somlotha wokhuni. Uma ukwelashwa okunikezelayo kungenziwa, ithanga liyovuthwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma ihlobo esifundeni lifushane futhi lipholile, khona-ke ukunganakwa kokwelashwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyelwa, khona-ke ithanga lelo alinaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa.

Ngaphambi kokutshala ithanga, imigqa kufanele idwebe esakhiweni ebesilungiselelwe ngaphambilini, ngemuva kwalokho kufanele kwenziwe imigodi yokutshala, okufanele ibe ngu-0.3 m ngaphesheya. Uma ngabe kuneqhwa elincane kakhulu ebusika, inhlabathi esakhiweni lingoma kakhulu. Kulokhu, amalitha amanzi ayi-1.5-2 wamanzi afudumele (cishe ama-degree angama-50) kufanele athululelwe emgodini ngamunye. Ngemuva kokuthi uketshezi selungene ngokuphelele emhlabathini, imbewu ezi-2 - 2 kufanele ihlwanyelwe emthonjeni ngamunye, kuyilapho zingcwatshwa emhlabathini omningi ongama-50-60 mm, ngokukhanya - ngu-80-100 mm. Ukusuka phezulu, imbewu idinga ukugcwaliswa inhlabathi enempilo, bese umbhede ufakwe emanzini, ngoba lokhu basebenzisa i-humus noma i-peat crumb. Isikhala somugqa kufanele sibe cishe ama-200 cm, kanti ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo ezisesigcawini kufanele libe okungenani yi-100 cm. Kunconywa ukugxisha imigodi ebekiwe endaweni leyo ngephethini yokuhlola. Ukuze izithombo zibonakale ngokushesha okukhulu, indawo kufanele imbozwe ngefilimu ukuyilungisa, inhlabathi ithululelwa emaphethelweni.

Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, khona-ke izithombo zokuqala kufanele zivele ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7, emva kwalokho kudingekile ukususa indawo yokukhosela. Lapho kwakhiwa amapuleti amabili amaqabunga ezitshalo, azodinga ukuncishiswa ngaphandle, lapho kungafanele kube nezithombo ezingaphezu kwezimbili emgodini owodwa. Izimbatho ezingaphezulu azikwazi ukudonswa ngaphandle, esikhundleni salokho zinqunywe ezingeni lomhlabathi, lokhu kuzogwema ukulimaza uhlelo lwezimpande zezithombo ezisele. Uma amafriji okubuya kwentwasahlobo engashiywanga ngemuva, khona-ke embhedeni kufanele kufakwe uthango lapho kudonswa khona ifilimu.

Ukukhulisa izithombo zethanga

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo kufanele kwenziwe amasonto angama-2-3 ngaphambi kokufakwa kwezitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngemuva kokulungiselela ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu enamathela kumele ihlwanyelulwe ngamunye ngapayini noma kubhodwe wepulasitiki, okufanele ububanzi bawo bufinyelele kumasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-15. Izingxenye kufanele zigcwaliswe yisigcawu esingaphansi komhlaba, esiqukethe umhlaba we-turf, humus ne-peat (1: 2: 1). Imbewu evela ngaphezulu kufanele imbozwe nge-substrate efanayo, noma kunjalo, kufanele ihlanganiswe ne-gramu eziyi-10-15 zomlotha wokhuni kanye nesisombululo se-mullein (5%). Isendlalelo sokuqala kufanele sikanyiswe, khona-ke isitsha kufanele simbozwe ngefilimu ngaphezulu.

Imvamisa lapho kukhula izithombo ezimweni zamakamelo, kunwetshwa kakhulu. Ungakuvimbela kanjani lokhu? Izilimo kufanele zifakwe endaweni enokhanyo kahle, zivikelwe elangeni eliqondile, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingahluka kusuka kuma-20 kuye kwangama-25 degrees. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, ithanga lizodinga umbuso olandelayo wokushisa: ngesikhathi sasemini - kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-20 degrees, bese kuthi ebusuku - usuka ku-12 uye ku-13 degrees. Amahlumela aphakanyisiwe emva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-10 abekwa ngaphansi kwale nqubo elandelayo: isigaba esingaphansi se-cotyledonous sesitshalo kufanele sigoqwe ngendandatho, ngemuva kwalokho imbozwe ngenhlabathi enomswakama kumapuleti eqabunga e-cotyledonous. Ukuchelela kufanele kube ngokulingana, ngenkathi inhlabathi akufanele ixegise. Ngesikhathi sokutshala izithombo, ithanga lidinga ukondliwa amahlandla ama-2, kusetshenziswa umanyolo wamaminerali oyinkimbinkimbi kulokhu. Ukuqanjwa kwesixazululo sezakhi kufaka ibhakede elilodwa lamanzi, amagremu ayi-17 we-ammonium sulfate, amagremu ama-20 we-superphosphate, ilitha eli-1 le mullein kanye nama-gramu ayi-15 e-potassium sulfate. Ukondla isitshalo esisodwa, kuthathwa 500m yesisombululo. Ngaphambi kokufaka izithombo enhlabathini evulekile, zizodinga ukuqiniswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, adluliselwa kuvulandi noma ku-veranda, ekuqaleni udinga ukuvula iwindi amahora angu-1-2, ngenkathi isikhathi senqubo kufanele sande kancane kancane. Lapho kusasele izinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, iwindi ngeke lidinge ukuvalwa ngokuphelele.

Khetha

Awukwazi ukudonsa izithombo zethanga, ngoba ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, uhlelo lwezimpande lungalimala kalula. Kulokhu, izinkomishi ngazinye kumele zisetshenziselwe ukuhlwanyela imbewu.

Ukutshala amathanga emhlabathini ovulekile

Isikhathi sokutshala

Kuyadingeka ukutshala izithombo zethanga enhlabathini evulekile ngemuva kokushisa kwesimo sezulu esifudumele, njengomthetho, lesi sikhathi siwela ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMeyi noma ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJuni. Ithanga yisitshalo sekhabe, maqondana nalokhu kudinga ilanga eliningi, ngakho-ke udinga ukukhetha isigaba eseningizimu sokutshala. Amabhasi akhula kahle uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lingama-degree angama-25, kepha uma kubanda ngaphezu kwama-degrees ayi-14 ngaphandle, ukukhula kwethanga kuyeka. Izimbangela ezinhle kakhulu zalesi siko ngama-siderate, u-anyanisi, iklabishi, izaqathe, ubhontshisi, ubhontshisi, uphizi, ubhontshisi, ubhontshisi, udali noma amantongomane. Futhi akunconywa ukuyikhulisa kulezo zindawo lapho amazambane, ama-sunflower, ukhukhamba, i-zucchini, u-squash, ikhabe, ikhabe kanye nethanga kwakukhula ngaphambi kwalokho.

Umhlabathi ofanele

Ungakhula le nkambiso kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, kepha ingakhula imnandi futhi inkulu kakhulu kuphela emhlabathini wezakhi. Ukulungiswa kwendawo yokutshala kufanele kwenziwe ekwindla, ngoba kufanele kubunjiwe, kuyilapho umquba noma umquba (kusuka kumakhilogremu amathathu kuya kwayi-5 nge-skwele elilodwa lendawo) kufanele wengezwe emhlabathini omncane, futhi uma inhlabathi ine-acid noma inesisindo, khona-ke umlotha noma umlotha wezinkuni (kumitha elilodwa lesikwele sesakhiwo kusuka ku-200 kuya ku-300 amagremu), futhi kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi kuyadingeka ukungeza kusuka ku-15 kuya ku-20 amagremu we-potash kanye nama-gramu ayi-25 kuye kwangama-30 wamafutha we phosphorus. Ngentwasahlobo, lapho isembozo seqhwa sesiphelile, ukuze inhlabathi ingoma, kufanele idingidwe, emva kwalokho isuswe kancane bese bonke utshani bokhula bususwe kuyo. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu noma ukutshala izithombo, inhlabathi kufanele ibiwe ngokujula kwamasentimitha ayi-12 kuya kwayi-18. Uma ngesikhathi sekwindla ngesizathu esithile indawo yayingalungiswa, ngesikhathi sokutshala, umanyolo odingekayo kufanele ungezwe emgodini ngamunye.

Amathanga akhula endaweni abamba ukushisa kuyo

Ezimweni ezingandile kakhulu, leli siko likhule endaweni ebamba ukushisa kusuka ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni. Imvamisa, izithombo zesitshalo esinjalo kuphela ezitshalwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa, bese zidluliselwa enhlabathini evulekile. Ngokutshala amathanga ku-greenhouse, amabhodwe we-peat wamasentimitha ayi-10x10 ngosayizi kufanele asetshenziswe, ngenxa yalokho, izimbotshana zezitshalo zizogwenywa, ngoba zithinta kabi le nqubo.

Ngaphambi kokuvela kwezithombo, izilimo kufanele zigcinwe ekushiseni okungaba ngama-26 degrees, kuthi emva kwalokho kufanele kwehliswe kube ngamadigri ayi-19 ngezinsuku eziyi-7, bese ziphinda zibuyele embusweni wokushisa wangaphambilini. Lapho inyanga eyisigamu isidlulile selokhu kwavela izithombo, kufanele ondliwe ngesixazululo se-mullein. Ukunisela kwenziwa njengoba kunesidingo, kodwa kufanele kube kaningi. Inhlabathi kumele ihlale ivulekile ngokuqukethwe okuphakathi komswakama. Ukutshala kwezitshalo enhlabathini evulekile kwenziwa ngenyanga eyi-1 ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo.

Vula Imithetho Yokufaka

Ungawabeka kanjani ama-pumpkin bush lapho ukutshala endaweni evulekile kuchazwe ngenhla, kodwa-ke, kuleli cala, imigodi yokutshala kufanele ibe ijule kakhulu kunalapho ukuhlwanyela imbewu. Izimbobo kufanele zibe ngobukhulu obungako ukuze zikwazi ukwamukela ngokuphelele uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo ekujuleni kuka-80 kuya ku-100 mm. Uma ekwindla ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwendawo inhlabathi ayizange ivundiswe, khona-ke lapho ukutshala izithombo enhlabathini entwasahlobo, amagremu ama-50 we-superphosphate, ½ ibhakede lomquba noma i-humus kanye namaglasi ambalwa womlotha wokhuni kufanele athululelwe emgodini ngamunye. Kulokhu, umanyolo kufanele uhlanganiswe kahle nenhlabathi. Lapho umquba womhlabathi, izimbobo zidinga ukwenziwa nangaphezulu.

Umthombo ngamunye kufanele uchithelwe nge-1-2 l yamanzi abilisiwe asanda kubiliswa, ngemuva kokuthi usungene ngokuphelele, isitshalo kufanele siphinde sibuyiswe ngesigaxa sobumba, kuyilapho ama-voids kufanele agcwaliswe ngenhlabathi, nomhlaba ozungeze isihlahla uhlanganiswe kahle. Lapho ithanga selitshaliwe, ingaphezulu lombhede kufanele limbozwe ngesendlalelo se-mulch (inhlabathi eyomile noma i-peat), ukuze ukuvela kweqhubu kungabonakali emhlabathini.

Ukunakekelwa Kwethanga

Lapho izithombo zamathanga zitshalwe emhlabathini, zizodinga ukuniselwa, ukhula, uklanywe ngaphandle, ukondliwe ngesikhathi esifanele. Futhi izihlahla zingadinga impova yokufakelwa, ngoba lokhu udinga ukukhetha izimbali ezi-2 zesilisa ngaphambi kuka-11 a.m. Susa wonke amacembe kuzo, kuyilapho izindandatho zezimbali zombili kufanele zidonswe ngokucophelela kanye nesihlamba smbali sowesifazane, futhi izimbali zokugcina zezimbali zesilisa kufanele zishiywe ekuhlazekeni kowesifazane. Le ndlela yokusebenzisa impova isetshenziswa uma kunokusongela kokukhulelwa okungaphelele kwama-ovari, ngenxa yokuthi lapho kubikwa ukwakhiwa kwezithelo ezingekho esimweni esihle.

Ungaphuzisa kanjani

Izithombo, ezitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile muva nje, zidinga ukuthambisa okuhleliwe, okwenziwa nsuku zonke kuze kukhule kahle. Lapho-ke ukuthambisa kufanele kungavami kakhulu kuze kube lapho ubukhulu besibeletho silingana nenqindi. Uma lina njalo ehlobo, khona-ke awukwazi ukunisela ithanga.

Ngemuva kokuthi ithanga liqale ukukhula, izihlahla ziqala ukuphinda ziniselwa futhi, ngenkathi umthamo wamanzi kumele ulethwe kancane kancane ufike kumalitha ayi-10 ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa esidala.

Ukugcwala kwenhlabathi

Lapho ithanga liniselwa noma lina, kudingeka ukhulule ingaphezulu lomhlabathi eduze kwezihlahla, ngenkathi ukhipha lonke ukhula. Okokuqala ngqa, ukhulula inhlabathi ibe ngu-60 kuya ku-80 mm ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo. Ingaphezulu lomhlabathi phakathi kwemigqa kumele lithululwe lijule ngamasentimitha ayi-12 kuya kwayi-18 ngokushesha ngaphambi kokunisela, ngenxa yalokhu, uketshezi lungena ngokushesha ohlelweni lwezimpande. Ngenkathi uthukulula ingaphezulu lomhlabathi, kunyikima izihlahla kancane, ngenxa yalokhu ziyozinza ngokwengeziwe.

Ukucwilisa

Uma imbewu ihlwanyelwe ngqo enhlabathini evulekile, khona-ke ngemuva kokuba izithombo zakha amapuleti amaqabunga ayi-2 wangempela, kufanele zinqunywe, kuyilapho kusengozi eyodwa lapho kukhula ithanga elikhulu elinezithelo, ipulaki elilodwa kufanele ligcine, futhi i-natimeg noma i-bark kanzima - 2. ukuphindaphindwa kufanele kuphindwe lapho kwakha ipuleti leqabunga lesithathu noma lesine ezitshalweni. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukukhipha ama-plantlets amaningi noma kunjalo, ngaphandle kwalokho ungazilimaza kalula izimpande zezithombo ezisele. Kulokhu, ama-plantlets ngokweqile kumele asikwe ezingeni lobungako bendawo.

Ukugqoka ithanga

Isikhathi sokuqala lapho ithanga lisuthiswa ngesisombululo somquba noma izinkukhu (1: 4), umanyolo ufakwa enhlabathini ezinsukwini eziyi-7 ngemuva kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile noma ezinsukwini ezingama-20 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini. Ithanga kufanele londliwe izikhathi ezi-3 noma ezi-4 emasontweni ama-4.

Isiko elinjalo lisabela kahle ekugqokeni nesixazululo sengxube yengadi (ngebhakede elilodwa lamanzi ukusuka kumagremu angama-40 kuye kwangama-50), ngenkathi ilitha elilodwa lesisombululo sezakhi lithathwa esihlahleni esi-1 esisodwa. Kunconywa futhi ukondla izihlahla ngesisombululo sokhuni lomlotha (1 ingilazi ngebhakede elilodwa lamanzi). Ngaphambi kokondla ithanga okokuqala, kufanele kwenziwe umsele ozungeze isihlahla kusuka ekujuleni kuka-60 kuya ku-80 mm ubude bamasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-12. Ngemuva kwalokho isixazululo sesithako sithululelwa kule-groove.Ngokuphaka okwalandela, ukujula kwama-grooves kufanele kube ngamasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-12, kuyilapho cishe amasentimitha angama-40 kufanele abuyiselwe ehlathini. Ngemuva kokuthi ingxube yezakhi ingeniswe emiseleni, kufanele imbozwe ngenhlabathi. Uma isimo sezulu esinamafu sisungulwe isikhathi eside, amakati kufanele aphathwe ngesisombululo se-urea (amagremu ayi-10 ngebhakede elilodwa lamanzi).

Izinambuzane noma izifo zamathanga anezithombe namagama

Isifo

Ithanga lingathinteka ezifweni zokukhunta, ngokwesibonelo: isikhunta esimnyama, i-powdery isikhutha, ukubola, i-ascochitosis ne-anthracnose.

Isikhunta esimnyama

Uma isihlahla sithinteka ekubumbeni okumnyama, khona-ke phakathi kwemithambo yeqabunga amapulethi ansundu aphuzi kuso, lapho lesi sifo sikhula, kuvela inhlanganisela yombala omnyama ebusweni bawo, equkethe izinhlavu zesikhunta. Lapho amabala esomile, izimbobo ziyakha endaweni yazo. Izithelo ezincane ziyabuna, futhi ukukhula kwazo kuyaphela.

I-Ascochitosis

Uma izihlahla zigula yi-ascochitosis, khona-ke emahlumela, kumakhasi nasezindaweni zeziqu, kufakwa kuqala izindawo ezinkulu ezinombala onsundu, bese kuvela amabala akhanyayo ane-chlorotic bordering, bese kuvela ama-pycnids amnyama ebusweni bawo, aqukethe imizimba yefungus ye-pathogenic. Isihlahla siyoma futhi sifa.

I-Powdery hlobo

Isifo esijwayelekile Ezitshalweni ezinesifo, inhlanganisela emfushane yemibala yemibala emhlophe, ebukeka ifana nefulawa efafaziwe, kanti iqukethe inqwaba yesikhunta. Amacembe athintekile awomile, futhi ukuwohloka kanye nokuqedwa kwentuthuko yamathanga kuyabonakala futhi. Lesi sifo sikhula ngokushesha ezimweni zoshintsho olubi ebangeni lokushisa kanye nomswakama womoya.

Anthracnose

Uma ithanga lithinteka yi-anthracnose, khona-ke izindawo ezinkulu zamanzi zefomu lombala ophuzi ophuzi emafulethini amaqabunga. Esimweni sezulu esimanzi kakhulu, amafomu ahlanganisayo apinki ngaphezulu kwemithambo yamaqabunga amaqabunga. Lapho lesi sifo sikhula, amabala apinki avela kuma-petioles, amahlamvu, amathanga nakumahlumela, ngenkathi ekwindla izindawo ezithintekile ziba mnyama. Ngomswakama okhulayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-anthracnose kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ukubola okumhlophe

Ukuthuthukiswa kokubola okumhlophe kuyabonakala kuzo zonke izingxenye zezihlahla, ngenkathi uhlelo lwezimpande luthinteka, ukuqothuka kwezithelo kuyoma futhi isivuno siyancipha. Phezu kwethanga elinombala ophuzi futhi onsundu, kuvela ipulangwe elinobumba. I-Mucus ingakheka ngaphezulu kwehlumela.

Lapho izihlahla zilinyazwa ukubola okungwevu, amabala amfushane anombala onsundu akhiwa ebusweni bawo, ahlangana ngokushesha ngokwanele futhi athinte ihlathi lonke.

Ukuthuthukiswa kokubola kwamagciwane okumanzi kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yomonakalo owenziwa ama-ovaries noma ama-slugs kuma-ovari noma amathanga amasha ezindaweni ezinotshani obukhulu kakhulu.

Izinambuzane

Amagayi, ama-aphid, noma izipikili ezimhlophe, ama-wireworms, nama-slugs angahlala kwithanga.

Slug

Izibungu ziququda amahlamvu, kuyilapho kuwo kusale inethiwekhi yemithambo kuphela. Njengoba isikhathi eside lina lina, kunezinambuzane eziningi ezinjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingaphila futhi zonakalise izitshalo ezahlukahlukene ezitshaliwe iminyaka eminingana.

Ama-aphid amnandi

Ama-aphon ama-Melon angalimaza izimbali, isiqu, ingaphansi lamaqabunga amaqabunga kanye namaqanda. Isikhunta siba mibi futhi sivale.

Iziwula

Ama-podurs ayizinambuzane ezincane zombala omhlophe, kanti ubude bomzimba we-cylindrical buba ngu-0.2 cm, badla ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi kwesihlahla, futhi nasezinhlanyelweni. Isinambuzane esinjalo sisebenza kakhulu sezulu esipholile esinomswakama ophezulu.

Ama-Wireworms

Ama-Wireworms izibungu zebhungane le-nutcracker, ezilimaza umsuka wempande zezihlahla ezisencane, lokhu kuholela ekufeni kwazo. Izinambuzane ezinjalo zithanda ukuqwabelana ezindaweni ezinomswakama.

Iyacubungula

Ithanga kufanele liphathwe uma kunezimpawu zokugula noma lapho izinambuzane zivela. Kunconywa futhi ukuthi wenze izindlela zokwelapha zokuvimbela njalo, ngoba kulula kakhulu ukuvimbela ukulimala kwezihlahla ngesifo kunokulapha izihlahla ezinesifo.

Ukuze uvimbele ukunqotshwa kwezifo zokukhunta kwethanga, kubalulekile ukunamathela emithethweni yokujikeleza kwezitshalo kanye ne-agrotechnical, futhi ukucubungula ukucubungula kwembewu akufanele kunganakwa. Uma izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo zibonakala, khona-ke amahlahla kanye nengadi kudingeka ukuthi aphathwe ngesixazululo se-Bordeaux ingxube (1%) noma okunye ukulungiswa kwesikhunta. Futhi, entwasahlobo nasekwindla, indawo leyo kufanele ifafazwe nge-Fitosporin, ekwazi ukuvikela izihlahla enanini elikhulu lezifo.

Ukususa ama-slugs, azodinga ukuqoqwa ngesandla noma izicupho ezikhethekile kuzodingeka kwenziwe. Ezindaweni eziningana esizeni, udinga ukubeka izitsha, okufanele zigcwaliswe ubhiya, khona-ke ziyahlolwa ngokuhlelekile futhi izinambuzane ezinambuzayo ziyaqoqwa.

Ukuze ususe indawo yama-wireworms, kuzodingeka futhi wenze izicupho eziningana. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bhala izimbobo ezingxenyeni yemitha ukujula lapho abeka khona imifino eyimpande (ama-beet noma izaqathe) asikwe izingcezu, bese umboza umgodi ngezihlangu zokhuni, ngamabhodi noma ngokuphahla. Kuyadingeka ukwenza amasheke ejwayelekile wezihibe, kanti izinambuzane ezikhona lapho zichithwa.

Ukususa ama-sublevels, ingaphezulu lomhlabathi eduze kwezihlahla luthuli ngomlotha wezinkuni. Futhi ukubhubhisa ama-aphid, ungasebenzisa iKarbofos noma iPhosphamide, futhi ungasebenzisa nesixazululo sensipho (0.3 kg yensipho ngebhakede elilodwa lamanzi). Udinga futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi izihlahla ezibuthakathaka nezilungisiwe zitholakala kakhulu ezinambuzaneni nasezifo.

Ukuqoqwa kanye nokugcinwa kwamathanga

Amathanga okuvuna wenziwa ngemuva kokuba amathanga esefinyelele ekuvuthweni kwemvelo, kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuvuna izithelo, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi zivuthwe ngokuphelele. Kungenzeka ukuthi uqonde ukuthi ithanga selivuthiwe ngokwezimpawu eziningana: ukhipha izinhlanga zezinhlobo zamagxolo alukhuni bese kuthi isampula yazo ibonwe, kuyilapho kuvela iphethini ecacile ku-muscat nethanga elikhulu elinezithelo.

Amathanga okubutha kufanele aqhutshwe esimweni sezulu esomile emva kwesithwathwa sokuqala, emva kwalokho amagqabi wethanga azokufa. Amathanga athenwe ngesithungo, khona-ke azodinga ukuhlungwa ngosayizi nangekhwalithi. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze kungalimali izithelo. Amathanga enzakele noma angagugi azodinga ukucutshungulwa, futhi lawo enzelwe ukuthi agcinwe isikhathi eside kufanele omiswe ngokuphelele elangeni noma egumbini elifudumele nelomile elinomoya omuhle wezinsuku eziyi-15, kuyilapho izithombo kufanele zitshalwe kanti amagxolo kumele kube nzima kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho amathanga agcinwa.

Ngaphambi kweziqalo zokuqala, ithanga lingagcinwa kwi-loggia, kuvulandi noma esibayeni esomile, ngenkathi zimbozwe ungqimba lwezinhlanga noma umhlanga ovela phezulu. Ngemuva kokuba izinga lokushisa lomoya lehle laya ku-5 degrees, amathanga kufanele ahanjiswe endaweni yokuhlala lapho kufanele yomile futhi ifudumele, kanti izinga lokushisa akufanele libe ngaphansi kwama-degree ayi-14, ngaphansi kwalezi zimo kufanele ligcinwe isigamu senyanga. Ngemuva kwalokho ithanga lidinga ukususwa ligcinwe egumbini elipholile (cishe ama-3-8 degrees), futhi umswakama womoya kufanele usuka kumaphesenti angama-60 kuye kwangama-70, uma konke kwenziwa kahle, bazokwazi ukulala lapho kuze kube sentwasahlobo ngisho nangaphambi kokuvunwa okusha. Ngokugcina amathanga, ungakhetha i-attic, isigaxa esomile noma isela. Uma ugcina amathanga endaweni efudumele (kusuka ku-15 kuya ku-20 degrees), alahlekelwa cishe amaphesenti angama-20 esisindo, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi abole. Uma kunamathanga amaningi, khona-ke ingagcinwa eshalofini ukuze igcinwe, ngenkathi ingaphezulu layo kumele limbozwe ngotshani. Kuwo, amathanga kufanele abekwe emugqeni ongu-1, kuyilapho kungafanele athintane. Zingafakwa futhi emabhokisini, ngenkathi zifafaza nge-moss eyomile. Kufanele kube nomoya omuhle wokugcina umoya endaweni yokubeka. Amathanga nawo angagcinwa engadini ngemisele ebunjiwe, phansi nezindonga zazo okufanele zifakwe ngotshani, ubukhulu obungaphezulu kufanele bulingane namasentimitha angama-25. Ngeziqalo zokuqala, umsele kufanele uphonswe enhlabathini, ngenkathi wenza izimbobo eziningana zokungena komoya, lapho kufakwa khona iqhwa elinamandla kufanele kuvalwe, bese kuthi lapho kuvulwa kuvalwe. Uma kungenazithelo eziningi kakhulu, zingagcinwa ukugcinwa endlini noma efulethini, ngenkathi ukhetha indawo emnyama, imbewu ngeke ikhule lapho, nenyama ngeke ithole ukunambitheka okubabayo. Ithanga elisikiwe ligcinwa eshalofini lesiqandisi.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zethanga

Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zethanga ezenzelwe ukutshala inhlabathi evulekile, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukutshala imifino enkulu kangaka endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Kodwa-ke, esifundeni esinezikhathi ezipholile nezifushane zasehlobo, isitshalo esinjalo singatshalwa kuphela endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Abalimi bakhulisa izinhlobo ezintathu zamathanga.

Ithanga elijwayelekile (i-Cucurbita pepo), noma i-hard bark

Kulesi sitshalo saminyaka yonke se-herbaceous, amathanga abushelelezi futhi makhulu, anomumo oyindilinga. Njengomthetho, zinombala ophuzi, kepha kunezinhlobonhlobo lapho izithelo zipendiwe ngemibala ehlukene. Ukuvula kabusha kugujwa ngoSepthemba. Ubude bembewu ephuzi noma emhlophe busuka ku-30 ​​kuye ku-40 mm, isikhumba sabo sikhulu. Uma amathanga agcinwe kahle, azokwazi ukulala kuze kufike isivuno esisha. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zithandwa kakhulu:

1. I-Spaghetti. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kunengqondo, lapho amathanga avuthwa ngamaviki awu-8. Uginindela obilisiwe wezithelo uqhekeka ube yimicu emide, efana ncamashi nokubukeka kwepasta. Zombili i-pulp ezibandayo nezishisayo zinambitha kakhulu.
2. I-Mushroom bush 189. Le nhlobonhlobo yokuqala isithandwa kakhulu. Ithanga likhula esihlahleni; kuso, njengomthetho, izimbotshana zezithelo ezivuthiwe kancane zivuthwa esiqwini sezithelo, ezinomumo obunjwe obheke phansi, zinesisindo esingamakhilo ayi-6-7. Amathanga avuthiwe abe nombala ocebile we-orange ngezicucu eziluhlaza. I-pulp emnandi nejusi ipendiwe ngombala o-orange ojulile.
3. I-almond. Izinhlobo zokukhwela eziphakathi nendawo. Amathanga wamawolintshi ajikelezwe njengamakhilogremu asinda cishe amakhilogremu amahlanu. Ijusi le-juicy nenyama emnandi linombala we-orange-ophuzi.
4. Acorn. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezinobuhle kungaba ukugibela noma isihlahla. Amathanga awakhulu kakhulu aphuzi, aluhlaza okotshani noma acishe abe mnyama, ngokubukeka afana nesisu. Inyama engenashukela inombala ophuzi noma icishe ibe mhlophe. Le nhlobonhlobo ibizwa nge- Acorn.
5. Freckle. Amathanga we-Bush wezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala awawona aluhlaza olukhulu olunamahhala, anesisindo esingamakhilogremu amathathu. Umbala we-pulp uphuzi noma owolintshi, awumnandi kakhulu, imbewu incane.
6. Bush orange. Amathanga ka-orange agiqiwe anesisindo esingamakhilogremu amahlanu, kanti umongo umnandi futhi uthambile. Izithelo zinekhwalithi enhle yokugcina.
7. I-Altai 47. Ukuhlukahluka okunjalo kwasekuqaleni kokusetshenziswa kwendawo yonke kubonakaliswa ukukhiqiza, izithelo zivuthwa emavikini ayi-8. Amathanga abilayo kanzima apendwe ngombala we-orange-ophuzi, anesisindo esingu-2-5 kilos. Phezu kobuso bawo kukhona imichilo yombala ophuzi noma onsundu. Uginindela wesithelo u-fibrous. Izinhlobonhlobo azibandeki futhi zibanda kakhulu.

I-Muscat Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata)

Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo ithanga elinjalo yiCentral America (Mexico, Peru neColombia). Kumahlumela ezinwabuzelayo kuvame ukuba khona amapuleti amaqabunga amaqabunga amade, ebusweni bawo kukhona i-pubescence. Amathanga anombala onsomi noma ophuzi, ngaphezulu kunezindawo ezinde ezinombala okhanyayo. Inyama ye-orange eminyene enephunga elimnandi imnandi futhi ithenda. Imbewu emincane yombala omhlophe-grey ngasemaphethelweni igijimayo umbala wombala omnyama. Lolu hlobo lunezinhlobonhlobo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-chalmoid, ngoba amathanga anesimo esingajwayelekile. Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu:

1. I-Nutmeg. Izinhlobo ezifika kade ezinde ezinamathanga anesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-4-6. I-pulp ineminyene ye-juicy futhi imnandi, inemibala e-orange.
2. Isigodlo saseKadu. Ezinhlotsheni ezinjalo ezikhuphuka sekwephuzile kakhulu, amathanga amakhulu ayindilinga ahlukaniswe i-orange, isisindo sawo singamakhilogremu ayi-10. I-pulp ye-orange namanzi futhi emnandi imnandi kakhulu.
3. Iparele. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo sekwephuzile zinesisindo sezithelo eziluhlaza obumnyama ezingamakhilogremu ayi-7. Inyama ye-orange ekhanyayo inejusi kakhulu.
4. I-Butternut. Izinhlobonhlobo ezikhuphuka sekwephuzile ngamathanga amancane amise okombala onsomi ophuzi noma onsundu onsundu, zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-1,5. Inyama enamafutha e-orange egcotshisiwe imnandi futhi inephunga elimnandi.
5. I-Prikubanskaya. Izinhlobo ezifika eziphakathi nendawo. Amathanga abushelelezi ka-brown-orange anomumo wethanga, anesisindo esingamakhilogremu amahlanu. Phezu kwazo kukhona amabala o-orenji noma onsundu. Inyama ebomvu yewolintshi ithambile futhi inoshukela.
6. Vitamin. Lolu luhlobo lokuvuthwa sekwephuzile okuvuthwa kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-130. Phezu kwamathanga aluhlaza obumnyama kukhona imichilo ephuzi, inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-7, inyama yawo iwolintshi ocebile.

Ithanga elikhulu elinezithelo ezinkulu (Cucurbita maxima)

Kulokhu okuhlukahlukene, izinhlobo zinamathanga amakhulu kakhulu futhi amnandi kakhulu. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinokuqukethwe ushukela okungamaphesenti ayi-15, le nkomba inkulu kakhulu kunaleya ikhabe. I-peduncle iyindilinga e-cylindrical, isiqu esinentshebe nayo siyindilinga. Imbewu Matte inombala onsundu noma onsundu. Kule zinhlobonhlobo, kuqhathaniswa nezinye, amathanga abekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi futhi agcinwa kangcono ngaphakathi endlini.

1. Ukuntwela. Izishayo zalolu hlobo lwaphakathi nesikhathi zinde futhi ziqinile. Phezu kwamathanga amnyama grey kunezindawo ezinombala we-orange, zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-6. I-pulp emnandi kakhulu, ecebile ye-orange ne-dense equkethe i-carotene ekuhlushwa okukhulu.
2. Imabula. Izinhlobonhlobo zezintambo ezinde ezinentambo ende zibonakaliswa ukukhiqiza okuphezulu. Amathanga aluhlaza obomvu aluhlaza ayindilinga, anesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-4,5. I-pulp ekhanyayo, ekhrisayo, eminyene yeorenji ekhanyayo iqukethe inani elikhulu le-carotene.
3. Sweetie. Ukhuphuka ngezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala. Izithelo ezinkulu ezibunjiwe eziwolintshi zibomvu cishe ngamakhilogremu amabili. Ijiphu elimnandi nelinotshani le-Juicy lipendiwe ngombala we-orange omnyama, liqukethe inani elikhulu le-Vitamin C noshukela. Le nhlobonhlobo ayimelani nesithwathwa futhi inesivuno esikhulu.
4. IVolga grey. Izinhlobonhlobo ezivuthiwe eziphakathi nendawo zinezimbotshana eziyindilinga, ezinwebekile, ezinombala onsomi, zinesisindo esingama-7-9 kilos. Umbala we-pulp uyahluka kusuka ku-orange ogcwele kuya ku-ophuzi, ungobumnandi obuphakathi. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyamelana nesomiso futhi zibonakaliswa yikhwalithi enhle yokugcina.
5. Ukumoyizela. Izinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa zinekhwalithi enhle yokugcina. Phezu kwamathanga we-orange agcwele nxazonke kunemivimbo emhlophe. Inyama ye-Orange imnandi kakhulu futhi icrispy enephunga elimnandi le-melon. Le thanga imelana namazinga okushisa aphansi, futhi ingagcinwa ekhaya isikhathi eside.
6. Isikhungo. Izinhloso ezinhlobonhlobo zendawo yonke. Izithelo eziphuzi ezinkulu kakhulu, ezihlukaniswe ngeziphuzi zingaba nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-60 no-100. Inyama emnandi yombala omhlophe. Leli thanga lenzelwa ukuthi kutshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile, livame ukutshalwa ngenxa yembewu.
7. Arina. Izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa azithobeki futhi zimelana nezifo. Izithelo ezinwebekile ezimpunga zihlukaniswe buthaka, zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu amahlanu. Inyama ephuzi imnandi futhi iminyene. Imbewu iqukethe inani elikhulu lamafutha.