Ukunisela, ukondla nokufaka umoya otshanini

Amafutha angabukeka ephelele ngokuphelele ngokunakekelwa okuphelele. Ngaphandle kokusika nokunciphisa imiphetho enquma isimo sotshani, kunezinto ezintathu ezibaluleke kakhulu zokunakekelwa - ukuchelela, ukugqoka okungaphezulu nokupholisa umoya. Lezi “Ps” ezintathu ekunakekelweni utshani zibalulekile kusukela ekuqaleni kokuhlupheka kwentwasahlobo kuze kube phakathi ekwindla, lapho utshani bulungiselelwe ubusika. Ukuphambuka emithethweni noma kwinqubo ehlelekile kunoma yiliphi lawa macala amathathu kungadala izinkinga ezinkulu ezingabhekelelwa ngaphandle kokulungiswa nokubuyiselwa.

Ukunisela utshani.

Noma kusetshenziswa ingxube efanayo yotshani, ukudala izimo ezinhle ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela nokubheka yonke imithetho yokutshala utshani, okuwukuphela kwesiqinisekiso ukuthi i-lawn yakho izobukeka iphelele ingaba ukunakekelwa okuphelele. Kokubili ukunisela nokugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kunikezwe ukunakwa okufanele. Kodwa ukunakekelwa akugcini nje kwezinqubo ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo. Labo abafuna ukuphumelela kufanele bakhumbule ukuthi ubumnandi kumele bufunwe ngemininingwane nangemininingwane: izindlela zokuvimbela kanye nokunakekelwa okuhlelekile kusiza ukuphumelela kuphela uma uchitha isikhathi esiningi futhi unaka notshani futhi ulokhu ulubheka njalo. Ukukholwa okuhle nokunakekelwa okujulile kungukuphela kwesiqinisekiso kanye nemfihlo kuphela yotshani ophelele.

Ukunisela utshani

Humidization - Izinqubo lapho utshani bungagcinwa ngaphandle kwazo. Ngenxa yokucheba okuvamisile kanye nokucaciswa kwe-turf ngokwayo, okugcwalisa kakhulu umswakama, i-the lawn izoshintsha ibe nsundu ingenawo umswakama owengeziwe ngokushisa kwasehlobo okuqala kakhulu. Kepha kaningi kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, izinkinga ngomiswa kwe-turf ziphuma entwasahlobo. Ukuntuleka kwamanzi kuholela hhayi ekulahlekelweni kokuheha kuphela, kepha futhi nasakazweni kokhula, izifo, kanye nokungafinyeleleki kancane kancane kokuma kotshani. Ukuchelela utshani akumele kube kuningi kuphela noma kube kaningi, kepha kuvame futhi kube ngokuhlelekile.

Ukunisela okwenzeka ewayitini kunikeza izinqubo ezijwayelekile, imvamisa yazo ilawulwa ngokuhambisana nesimo sezulu, amazinga okushisa, kanye nezinga lokomiswa kwenhlabathi. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe okujwayelekile, utshani budinga umswakama okhanyayo womhlabathi. Kunganikezwa ngokuphuza ngokuvama okulinganiselwa kwesikhathi se-1 ezinsukwini ezingama-7-10 ngenani elijwayelekile lezulu kanye nesikhathi esingu-1 ezinsukwini ezingama-3-5 kwisomiso. Kepha imvamisa enjalo imane iyisiqondiso. Ngotshani obunqabile, ukuchelela kuyadingeka kaningi kune-turf enamandla futhi ephezulu (kanye naku-acidic, enesihlabathi, yenhlabathi engavundile). Kudingeka ukuthambisa okuningana emafuthini amancane, akhula futhi athuthuke kakhulu, andisa hhayi kuphela izingxenye ezingaphezulu komhlaba, kodwa futhi ne-rhizome. Kulula kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi utshani budinga ukunisela: utshani buyekela amandla alo oqondile ngemuva kokuba bedlule kuwo, iminonjana ayinyamalali ngisho nangemva kwamahora ambalwa. Akufanele ulinde ezinye izimpawu ezibonakalayo zesomiso.

Indlela yokunisela ikhethwa ngokuya ngamakhono abo. Ngomuntu qinisekisa ukuthambisa okujwayelekile kotshani kungenzeka kuphela ezindaweni ezincane kakhulu. I-hose ne-Spray ekhethwe kahle noma ngokunisela nge-nozzle enhle kuzovumela ukunisela okufanayo. Kepha ukuchelela ngesandla kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi futhi edla isikhathi somsebenzi, futhi ukusebenza ngempumelelo okunjalo okunzima ukulawula. Okwezinyathi eziphakathi nendawo nezinkulu (ngisho nezincane, uma ufuna ukuhlinzeka ngokunakekela okuphelele) udinga ukufaka uhlelo lokuzithela oluzenzakalelayo. Ngisho nezinhlelo ezilula kakhulu zizoshintsha umthwalo onzima ube inqubo elula futhi engabonakali.

Izinhlelo zokunisela ezizenzakalelayo namuhla ziyamangala nge-assortment yazo - zombili izindleko, nobunzima bokufakwa, kanye nangokusebenza kahle, ngisho nasezimfanelo zokuhlobisa. Kukhona nokufakwa okunjalo okusebenza kakhulu njengemithombo yokunethezeka. Ezenzakalelayo noma ezizenzakalelayo ngokuphelele, azinzima kangako futhi azibizi. Ukufakwa kwezinqubo zokunisela okuzenzakalelayo kunganikezwa ochwepheshe noma ukufakwa kubo ngokwabo, kukhethwe izakhi ezithile zohlelo nezokuxhumana, kucatshangelwa izidingo zakho nalokho okuthandayo.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko lapho unisela utshani ukuthola inhlabathi ngaphansi kongqimba lwezimpande kuya ku-15-20 cm (ububanzi bokunisela okungama-30-50 cm). Ukuze uhlole ukujulwa kokunisela, kungcono ukushiya uzungu lwe-turf endaweni engafinyeleleki, engenakuphikiswa lapho ungasika khona futhi ukhulise isigaxa sotshani bese uhlola inhlabathi ngaphansi kwaso. Ungaphakamisa umphetho noma ekhoneni utshani.

Izinga lokunisela ngezinsika zohlobo lwengadi yendawo engamamitha ayi-10-15 wamanzi amamitha skwere. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi amancane ngeke kumanzise inhlabathi ukujula okwanele ngaphansi kwefudu.

Ukunisela utshani.

Ingca iyaniselwa, igcina imithetho eminingana engenakushintsha:

1. Ukunisela utshani kungenziwa kusihlwa kuphela, ngesikhathi lapho izinga lokuhwamuka lincipha.
2. Uma kunezimpawu zokuswakama okungasebenzi kahle, kungcono ukuqhuba indali engajwayelekile, ukubhoboza i-turf.
3. Ukunisela utshani sebenzisa amanzi akhona, kepha kungcono ukugwema amanzi kanzima uma kungenzeka.

Ukugqoka okwenziwe ngotshani

Umvundisi weotshani obuluhlaza ubaluleke kakhulu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukugunda kwezinwele okungapheli kuhlala kunciphisa inhlabathi, futhi ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kotshani kuholela kuzidingo ezengeziwe zokuthola izakhi zomzimba. Ukufaka umquba kubalulekile futhi ukuqinisa, ukubumbana, ukukhulisa ukumelana kwamakhambi, kubandakanya amandla okumelana nokhula, izifo kanye nokugeleza kwesimo sezulu. Ngaphandle kwabo, akunakwenzeka ukugcina isakhiwo se-turf evamile futhi ufinyelele umbala ogqamile futhi ukhangayo. Ngotshani, ngisho nakule ndaba, yonke into ayilula kangako: bayasaba ukubondla ngokweqile nangokulingene.

Ama-lawns aqinile awabhekwa njengenqubo yokuphoqelela entwasahlobo, ngemuva kobusika obude nokulungiselela ubusika obulandelayo. Kanye nokukhethwa kohlobo olulodwa lomanyolo lwendawo yonke.

Entwasahlobo, i-lawns idinga ukugqokwa kwe-nitrogen ephezulu: inqubo eyodwa noma ezimbili ukuvuselela inqubo yokukhula kotshani kanye nokubuyiselwa ngokushesha kotshani ngemuva kwenkathi ebandayo ende. Basebenza ngokushesha nangempumelelo. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kokuqala kwenziwa ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa (bheka ngezansi) kanye nokugunda izinwele kokuqala.

Ehlobo, ukuxubeka okuyinkimbinkimbi kusetshenziselwa utshani - umquba ohloselwe utshani, amalungiselelo akhethekile akhethwe ngokuhambisana nohlobo nokwakheka kwengxube yetshani. Ungazilinganisela ekugqokeni okukodwa, kepha kungcono ukulandela izincomo zomenzi wezinhlanganisela zotshani kanye nomanyolo othize.

Kulindelwe ukwindla, ngo-Agasti futhi kungakapheli uSepthemba, umanyolo ongu-1-2 wenziwa ngomanyolo wasekwindla wenziwa - umanyolo okhethekile we-potash-phosphorus osenzo sawo sihlose ukuqinisa ukuqina kwefrimu futhi kwandise ukumelana nesithwathwa. Uma kusetshenziswa umanyolo ohlanzekile we-phosphoric, khona-ke ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-2-3, kuvuselela ukukhula kwesistimu yezimpande ekwindla sekwephuzile futhi sinikezwe ukuthi le element ihlala emhlabathini isikhathi eside, inciphise imvamisa kanye nomthamo. Kepha umanyolo we-potash ugezwa ngokushesha futhi ugcwaliswe okungenani ngonyaka, kumele usetshenziswe njengengxenye yokulungiselela ekwindla.

Ukufakwa komanyolo wokugcina okwenziwe utshani kwenziwa ngoSepthemba, kepha isidlo samathambo noma umanyolo ngokudla kwamathambo kungaqhutshekwa kuze kube yilapho i-turf iyekile ukukhula, ikakhulukazi uma utshani buthakathaka, inqubo yokutakula isidlulile, noma kunezimpawu zokuphazamiseka nomonakalo.

Uma kuvela amabala noma izindawo ezonakele kwezinye izindawo yotshani, kungenzeka kusetshenziswe umanyolo okhethekile obamba isikhathi eside, osetshenziswa ngendlela yokugoqa noma yokudla okusabisayo. Banikeza, uma kungenjalo manjalo, khona-ke imiphumela esheshayo kakhulu.

Okotshani, ngokuqondene nazo zonke izingoma zokuhlobisa nezinto ezisengadini, ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo we-organic kunzuzo kuphela. Ukuhlanganiswa nomquba, ungqimba ongaba ngu-1 cm kuphela, ohlakazeke ngokulinganayo ebusweni bethanga ngeke nje uthuthukise inhlabathi futhi uqinise i-turf, kodwa futhi uzothuthukisa izinqubo zokushintshana kwamanzi kanye nomoya, amandla we-turf ukugcina amanzi futhi amukele izakhi zomzimba. Ukuhlanganiswa ngotshani obunjiwe nakho kunomthelela omuhle esimweni sethanga (uma umhlwanyeli enomsebenzi wokulima).

Kepha imvamisa yokufaka umquba nokwakheka komanyolo akuyona konke okudingeka kukhunjulwe. Ngemuva kwakho konke, utshani bomphakathi obukhethekile bezitshalo, okugqokwa kuwo okuphezulu akulula. Ehlelweni lokusebenzisa umanyolo wohlamvu, kunemithetho eminingana:

1. Ezindaweni eziluhlaza, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusabalalisa umanyolo ngokulinganayo ngaphezulu kwalokho, ngaphandle kwalokho kungezindawo zodwa ezinemibala ehlukene ezingakheka, kepha noma zishiswe. Kungcono ukusabalalisa umanyolo usebenzisa i-seeder, ukugxila emathangeni amasondo nokuhamba nawo njengokuhlwanyela. Noma sebenzisa izinketho zoketshezi nokugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-foliar.
2. Umanyolo usetshenziswa kuphela ngemuva kokunqunywa futhi ngaphambi kokunisela (noma ngakho). Umanyolo kufanele uncibilike emanzini, futhi ungahlali ku-turf.

I-turf yokudonsa

Ngomshini womoya sisho iqoqo lezinqubo ezihlose ukuthuthukisa umoya nomoya wamanzi we-turf, ukuqinisa uhlelo lwezimpande kanye nokwenza ngcono amandla alo okuthola hhayi amanzi kuphela, kepha nezakhi zomzimba. Futhi ngale njongo, izinqubo zenziwa hhayi kuphela entwasahlobo nasekwindla: ukunciphisa konke ukunakekelwa okuphoqelekile kwizinyathelo ezimbalwa kungaba yiphutha elikhulu. Utshani kufanele buphefumule ngokukhululeka futhi utshani bukhule emhlabathini ovulekile, ovulekile futhi ongaphefumula. Ukuze ulondoloze isimo sayo esifanelekile, ngisho nasemibhedeni yezimbali udinga ukwenza umzamo. Futhi kumakhaphethi aluhlaza, isimo siyingozi kakhulu: ngenxa yokusebenzisa utshani, ukunyakaza, imvula, ukunisela okungapheli ngaphansi kwesondo, kwakheka ungqimba lomhlabathi ongavumeli ukuba amanzi adlule.

Izinqubo okuhloswe ngazo ukugcina umoya nokuqina kwamanzi kwenhlabathi kubizwa ngokuthi yi-verticulation. Leli iqoqo lezinyathelo ezihlosiwe ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi komhlaba weotshani ne-turf. Verticalization inezici ezimbili:

1. I-Aeration
2. Ukwehlukanisa.

Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekunakekelweni utshani yi-aeration. Indlela elula yokubiza le nqubo ukubhoboza: i-turf ihlatshwe ngokoqobo ukudala izimbobo eziqonde phezulu. Ukubhoboza kuhloselwe ukuthuthukisa amandla we-sod ukumunca izakhamzimba namanzi ngokwenza ngcono umhlabathi we-metabolism. Okwe-aeration, basebenzisa imishini ekhethekile (ama-verticutters - imishini yokufaka ama-slotting kanye nama-aerator), noma ama-pitchforks ajwayelekile. Kuyadingeka ukusika i-turf ekujuleni kwe-3-5 ukuze kube lula ukugcwalisa kuze kufike ku-8-10 cm ngokuphumula okujwayelekile okungamasentimitha ayi-1010. Ukugunyazwa okugunyaziwe kwenziwa entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ngemuva kokugunda izinwele okwesibili noma okwesithathu ngonyaka, nasekwindla, kepha kungcono ungagxili emithethweni ethile, kepha esimweni sotshani uqobo: uma kudingeka ukuthi kuhlakazwe, kunezimpawu zokwephulwa kwemvume yokuthola amanzi, khona-ke kungaqhutshwa okuningana okwengeziwe.

Enye inqubo edingekayo ukuhlanganisa, noma ukwehlukanisa. Ngokungafani ne-aeration ehlose ukubhoboza i-sod, ukucaciswa kufeza izinhloso ezihluke ngokuphelele. Ihlanza i-turf kusuka kumfucumfucuza, otshanini obufile, izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo (utshani buzwile), isusa konke imfucumfucu ephakathi kongqimba lwezimpande notshani obuphilayo. Isikali, njenge-aeration, singenziwa ngesandla noma kusetshenziswe okokusebenza okukhethekile (izithasazi zokufakelwa kobunzima obuhlukahlukene, kusuka kubhukwana kuya kuzenzakalelayo). Izinqubo eziphoqelekile entwasahlobo kanye nangesikhathi sokulungiselela ubusika zivame ukulekelelwa ngokuhlanganiswa okumbalwa ukuze kugcinwe isimo esijwayelekile sotshani.

Zonke izindlela zotshani obheke phezulu zisazilimaza i-turf. Babhubhisa ingxenye yotshani, kepha kuyinsindiso ongayonga: ukuze utshani bungavuselelwa, bukhule ngendlela evamile, i-turf isazoqhubeka ukwakha, akudingeki wesabe ukuyilimaza, kepha uyihlinzeke ngezinqubo ezibalulekile. Zenziwa noma ngabe kungekho zimpawu ezibonakalayo zesidingo. Ngenxa verticalization, isimo somhlabathi siyashintsha, ukumuncwa kwezakhi zomswakama kanye nomswakama kuyathuthuka, izingozi ezinkulu zezinkinga zezempilo ziyaqedwa, kuthi ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa utshani bube munye ngokwengeziwe, bube namandla futhi bube nempilo. Eqinisweni, aeration nge-scarization izinqubo zokwelapha. Ngalezi zinyathelo ezilula awukwazi nje ukugcina, kepha futhi uthuthukise isimo sotshani futhi uvikele nezinkinga eziningi. Ngisho nokulwa nezifo, ukhula nezinye izilonda, ukuqonda kabusha kuyindlela yokuqala yokulawula.

Imigomo ebalulekile yokuqinisekiswa:

• inqubo ingenziwa kuphela ngemuva kokusikwa;
• i-aeration akufanele yenziwe ngesimo sezulu esomile nesishisayo (ukuze ugweme ukubhoboza i-turf ehlanganiswe ngokuqinile futhi enzima, kungcono ukhethe izinsuku ezimanzi, ezipholile);
• ngemuva kokusatshalaliswa nokuqhekeka, awukwazi ukuhamba othulini. Inqubo yokutakula izothatha amasonto angama-2-3, futhi ukhaphethi oluhlaza akadingi ukuphazamiseka.

Njengengxenye yokungena komoya omncane, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokulungisa inhlabathi. Ukwenza ngcono inhlabathi kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokwenezela kuyo esigabeni sokulungiselela ukubeka induna, kepha kunezinqubo ezifanayo zokufuduka okuvuthiwe. Ukufaka utshani kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yenhlabathi, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa umquba ovuthiwe, ukuwusebenzisa entwasahlobo ngenani lamalitha ama-1-2 kumitha ngayinye ekhaphethi. Kepha i-sanding kuseyithuluzi elingcono kakhulu. Kwenziwa kunoma iyiphi indawo enama-bald amabala noma izimpawu zokugcotshwa kwamanzi, lapho kunesidingo sokuvuselela nokuhlwanyela utshani. Ukutshala kusetshenziswa kokubili ngemuva kobuhlanga nangemuva kokukhubazeka: gcwalisa izimbobo esihlabathini bese ukala ingaphezulu. Isihlabathi sisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo phezu kobuso bonke botshani futhi simbozwe ngesilenge, ukuze inhlabathi ithambe futhi ibambe umswakama kangcono.