Sizokhula i-yakon

E-Russia, lesi sitshalo asisajwayelekile, kepha sekuyiminyaka eminingi siyimifino ejwayelekile eNew Zealand, e-USA, e-Iran, eJapan naseKorea, amazwe aseNingizimu ne-Europe, cishe ne-Brazil yakwamanye amazwe. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, i-yakon isanqobe amazwe omhlaba ababekade beyi-republic yase-Central Asia, Moldova futhi yaqala ukufika ebushushwini be-Ukraine naseRussia.

I-Yakon (I-Littleanthus sonchifolius) - uhlobo lwezitshalo ze-herbaceous zonyaka womndeni wama-Astrovia.

Izimbali ze-Yakon. © Mike Linksvayer

Izici eziwusizo ze-yacon

Ochwepheshe baveze kuyo ukuba khona kwe-selenium, chlorogenic ne-caffeic acid, kanye nenhlanganisela yezakhi ezithile ze-phenolic, ezinquma izakhiwo ze-antioxidant ze-yacon. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-tubers hhayi izimpande kuphela, kodwa futhi nokukhipha emaqabungeni e-yacon kuholela ekwehlekeni kokuxineka koshukela egazini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kusetshenziselwe izinjongo zokwelapha zombili izingxenye ezingaphansi komhlaba nezaphansi zesitshalo. Noma kunjalo, ku-yakon, hhayi eziqongweni, kodwa izimpande, noma kunalokho nezilimo eziyizigaxa zayo, zisaziswa kakhulu. Inyama yabo ekrisikhi yombala omhlophe noma ophuzi ibonakala ngokuqukethwe kwekhalori ephansi - 100 g iqukethe kuphela ama-60 kcal. Ziqukethe amaprotheni asuka ku-2 kuye ku-7%, amelelwa ngama-amino acid asezingeni eliphakeme, kuphela ngama-0,14% amafutha, amavithamini C, i-potassium, ama-antioxidant phenols, i-riboflavin, i-selenium kanye ne-chlorogenic acid encane, into ephumelelayo equkethwe ekhofi eluhlaza. Futhi imininingwane ebaluleke kakhulu kulabo abafuna imikhiqizo ewusizo ekunciphiseni isisindo: i-yacon iqukethe kuze kufike ku-60% we-inulin - i-polyfructosan engandile, i-carbohydrate enentambo ende yokugaya.

Ngenxa yokuxinaniswa isikhathi eside kwe-carbohydrate assimilation, i-inulin ijwayeza izinga le-glucose egazini futhi inikeze umzimba ithuba lokuvumelanisa ukuvumelanisa kwe-insulin ekhiqizwayo kumanyikwe. Lokhu akugcini ngokuvikela ekuhlaselweni yindlala, kodwa futhi kusebenza njenge-prophylaxis yesifo sikashukela.

Odokotela babhala ngemiphumela ezuzisayo yesithonjana ekusebenzeni kwamathumbu. "Ukuvuvukala" esiswini, i-fiber yokudla yama-tubers isebenza njengendawo evumayo yokwenza umsebenzi obalulekile wama-bacterium adingekayo, ngenkathi icindezela ukukhula kwe-pathogenic flora emgodini wesisu, asebenza njengohlobo lwe-sorbent yemvelo olusiza ukususa ingxenye yomthwalo kwezinye izinhlelo zokuhlanza nezokubulala. Konke lokhu kusheshisa imetabolism yamandla kumaseli futhi kuyenza isebenze ngokwengeziwe. Ngomqondo ongokoqobo, ikhono lesithonjana lokuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwamathumbu nalo libalulekile. Okubaluleke kakhulu iqiniso lokuthi ngenxa yokuqukethwe ku-tubers kwento etholakalayo efana ne-selenium, i-yakon ibizwa nge- "elixir yobusha." Iyakwazi ukuvikela ukushaya kwenhliziyo, inomphumela omuhle ohlelweni lwezinzwa, ivumela ekugugeni ukugcina ukucaceka kwengqondo, yehlise i-cholesterol egazini.

I-Yacon, nezilimo eziyizigaxa © NusHub

Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-juiciness, ukuthungwa nephunga le-yakon yinto ephakathi kwe-apula entsha, ikhabe, ikhabe namazambane ajwayelekile. Akunakusizathu sokuthi umuntu angathola amagama anjena wesithonjana ngokuthi "i-apula lomhlaba", "amazambane wokudla" nabanye. Abalandeli balesi siko basebenzisa kakhulu nezilimo eziyizigaxa zawo ngendlela eluhlaza, eyakhiwe, ethosiwe neyomile. Amaraw, crunchy, nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezimnandi kumasaladi muhle kakhulu. Zisetshenziselwa nokwenza ujamu. I-Stew, ibilisiwe futhi ithosiwe nayo idla amahlumela amancanyana e-yacon. Sikubona kubalulekile ukuthi siphinde sigcizelele izakhiwo eziwusizo kakhulu zesithonjana: ngenxa yokuqukethwe kokufakwa esikhundleni sikashukela wemvelo, okutholwa kalula ngumzimba womuntu, kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni kwezifo ezihambisana nokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic - isifo sikashukela, isifo sokuqina kwemizwa kanye nokukhuluphala. Linciphisa kakhulu ushukela wegazi futhi linomthelela omkhulu ekwehliseni isisindo, njengoba kuqinisekisiwe ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe abadumile. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuxhaphaza ama-tubers we-yakon noma isiraphu kubo, ufuna, ngokwesibonelo, ukususa ngokushesha isisindo ngokweqile. Ngakho-ke, umthamo wansuku zonke onconywayo we-isiraphu ungamasipuni ama-2 kuphela ngosuku. Kuyasiza futhi ukwazi ukuthi nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinama-yakaty azinambithi lapho zivunwa. Ukuze bakwazi ukuthola ukunambitheka okumnandi, kufanele babe neminyaka yobudala elangeni noma endaweni efudumele izinsuku ezingama-3-4 ngaphambi kokuqanjwa kwama-peels ancibilikile. Kuliqiniso, kukhona izincomo zokuvezwa isikhathi eside kwama-tubers emoyeni ofudumele - kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuye kwezingu-12.

Ukuhlakulela i-yacon

Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo i-yakon (isihlobo esikude sojongilanga, i-Jerusalem artichoke) yizindawo eziphakeme ze-Andes zaseCentral naseNingizimu Melika. Isitshalo se-yakon sihle, sibumbekile, ngesiko lonyaka owodwa sinokuphakama okufinyelela ku-1,2 m, sinesihlahla saphakade - kuze kufinyelele kumamitha ayi-2. Isiqu saso siluhlaza, sin amabala ansomi engxenyeni engenhla. Amacembe makhulu, anemiphetho engemuva yeserve. Ngasohlangothini olungaphezulu aluhlaza okotshani, ohlangothini olungaphansi alula. Emithanjeni emikhulu nama-petioles eqabunga kukhona i-pubescence eminyene futhi enzima. Ingxenye yonke yesitshalo ingafa emazingeni okushisa ayi-zero. Izitho ezingaphansi komhlaba, i-yacon yakha izinhlobo ezimbili - ama-rhizomes nezimpande zezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ama-rhizomes amakhulu afinyelela isisindo esifinyelela ku-400-600 g. Kukhona ama-buds kuwo, anikeza izitshalo ezintsha. Izimpande eziningi ezacile zivela kuma-rhizomes, ezikhula njengoba zikhula, zithola ukwakheka okumise okwenziwe ngopende noma ngefusiform. Ama-tubers ahlukaniswe ngezixhaxaka ezihlanganisiwe zezingcezu eziningana. E-Russia, endaweni evulekile, kunconywa ukuthi kukhuliswe i-yakon ezindaweni eziseningizimu, futhi enyakatho kungakuhle ukuthi uyikhulise endaweni evikelekile.

I-Yacon, umbono ojwayelekile wesitshalo. © UMichael Hermann

Ukunaka!

Akunakwenzeka ukusabalalisa i-yakon ngezimpande zezilimo eziyizigaxa; azikho izihlwathi ezinjalo kubo njengakwizilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane. Lapho ikhule enkabeni yeRussia, azikho izimbali noma imbewu ezakhiwe ku-yakon, ngakho-ke indlela yangempela yokusabalalisa lesi sitshalo kule strip ukuthola izithombo ezivela ku-buds ezakhiwe kuma-rhizomes, ezibekwa kangcono ukuhluma ngoFebhuwari.

Ngaphambi kwalokhu, kunconyelwa ukuthi kungabulawa magciwane, isibonelo, imizuzu emi-5 kwisisombululo se-potanganum permanganate ukuze i-microflora yesikhunta ingakhuli. Ngemuva kwalokho i-rhizome isikwa izingxenye eziningi, izama ukungalimazi izinso, futhi ifakwe ezitsheni ezisicaba, ezansi yazo kufanele ibekwe ngendwangu ethola umswakama noma iphepha lokuhlunga. Ngaphezulu kwesiqukathi simbozwe ngopulasitiki noma ngengilazi. Ngezikhathi ezithile, iziqukathi kufanele zingene komoya futhi indwangu noma iphepha lonyiswe. Izingcezu zama-rhizomes ezinamahlumela avele ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2 zidluliselwa kangcono kumabhodwe anengxube yamagciwane. Kungaba, ngokwesibonelo, kwengxenye eyodwa yomhlaba we-turf, izingxenye ezimbili ze-peat kanye nenani elincane lomanyolo oluyinkimbinkimbi. Futhi ngemuva kwamaviki ayisishiyagalombili kuphela, izitshalo sezilungele ukutshala endaweni evulekile, noma kunjalo, akufanele zitshalwe kungakapheli isikhathi sokubuya kwesithwathwa (emva kukaJuni 6-8).

Inhlabathi embhedeni we-yacon kufanele ikhululwe ngokujulile. I-Yakon ingatshalwa enhlabathini ehlukahlukene, noma kunjalo, ukuthola izivuno eziphakeme ze-namanzi futhi ngasikhathi sinye ezintekenteke zezilimo eziyizigaxa, kudingeka inhlabathi evuthiwe evundiswe kahle. Lapho ugaya isiza se-yakon ekwindla (kwichibiet yefosholo), kunconyelwa ukufaka umanyolo ngokufanayo (kususelwa kumitha ngayinye yesikwele): 1/3 ibhakede lomquba elibunjiwe, 1 tbsp. i-superphosphate ne-1 isipuni Umanyolo we-potash. Ngesikhathi sokulima kwentwasahlobo, inhlabathi iyacetshiswa nge-ammonium nitrate.

Izithombo ze-Yakon zitshalwa ngokuya ngephethini engu-60x60 cm, yiqiniso, kulandelwa ukuchelela. Kubalulekile ukucabanga ukuthi lapho izitshalo zikhula, isivuno sincipha kakhulu. Izinga lokushisa le-Optimum: +18 ° С ... +30 ° С. Ama-Rhizomes ayakwazi ukubekezelela amafrimu amancane wesikhashana, kepha ingxenye engenhla iyafa. Uhlelo lwezimpande lungena lujule emhlabathini, ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo siyakwazi ukumelana nesomiso esenziwa isikhashana. Kuyacaca ukuthi kunakwa ngokukhethekile ukunisela ngesikhathi sokutshala kanye nengcambu yezithombo. Ukushoda komswakama kunciphisa isivuno, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, akumele kube nomswakama ngokweqile. Ukunisela kwenziwa kuphela ngamanzi afudumele. Uma isimo sezulu sishisa, izitshalo ziniselwa nsuku zonke. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, izitshalo ziyanconywa futhi ukuba zondliwe, ngokwesibonelo, ngenqola yesiteshi saseKemira ngesilinganiso se-5 g yomanyolo nge-1 sq.

I-Yakon emhlabathini ovulekile ifinyelela ekuphakameni kwe-1,0-1.2 m. Kufika kuma-nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezingama-25 ezikhula kwisitshalo ngasinye. Isisindo esiphelele sezilimo eziyizigaxa ezitshalweni kwesinye sezitshalo zaseRussia i-Bios sifinyelela ku-3 kg. Abalimi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lapho betshala i-yakon ngezinhloso zokwelapha, ukukhetha kufanele kusanikezwe izinhlobo ezingaphandle, okuyinto, bakholelwa ukuthi, bacebile ezintweni eziwusizo eziqukethwe kuzo (isb. Basondele kokhokho babo bokuqala).

Ukuvunwa kufanele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa. Uma isimo sezulu sivumela, khona-ke ungakuhlanza ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Isithelo sezilimo eziyizigaxa zande ngo-30-50%. Ama-Rhizomes nezimpande zezilimo eziyizigaxa zigcinwa ngokwahlukana emakhethini noma emigqonyeni emincane emiphongolweni enomswakama omkhulu. Tubers zigcinwa izinyanga 8-10, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa turgor. Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, izimpande eziyizimpande ze-yakon zinganambitheki ngesikhathi sokuvuna, kepha, lapho zigcinwa zithola ukunambitheka okumnandi okujwayelekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhula, izilimo zezimpande ziqongelela ama-fructants angamnandi ngokunambitheka kune-fructose. Lapho izimpande ze-yakon zibekelwe ukugcinwa, ziqala inqubo yokususwa kwamafreyimu kufructose, okunikeza izithako ukunambitheka okumnandi okufana nokwenziwe ngethanga noma ikhabe, inqubo ihamba ngokushesha emazingeni okushisa aphakeme.

I-P.S. Abathandi abaningi abanamakhono bathinteka ekuhlonipheni le imifino entsha yamaRussia ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezizuzisayo nokukhiqiza okuhle. Baqala ngokuqala ukukhulisa i-yakon ezingadini zabo esikhundleni se-Jerusalem artichoke. Iqiniso ngukuthi i-artichoke yaseJapan kade yasebenza ngabo ngenkuthalo kumasaladi. Ikakhulu entwasahlobo, lapho isetshenziswa njenge-prophylaxis yokulwa nesifo sikashukela. Kuyaqondakala: abantu ngalesi sikhathi, futhi ngisho nangemva kobusika, bangahambi kakhulu, imithwalo esemzimbeni emzimbeni ayibalulekile. Ngakho-ke kufanele uzivikele kokuqukethwe ushukela omningi. Kepha i-artichoke yaseJerusalema ihlala isiseduze: yambiwa ngefosholo futhi manje iyi-tubers entsha ebusika kahle eqhweni. Futhi lesi sitshalo sidinga cishe akukho ukunakekelwa, sikhula futhi sikhule, siphindaphindeka kusuka kuzilimo eziyizigaxa ezisele emhlabathini. Kunezinkinga eziningi kakhulu kuphela nezilimo eziyizigaxa lapho kufanele zitholwe ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa, ngenxa yokukhula okuningi okukuzo. Enye into yizingqimba ze-yakon - zibushelelezi futhi zikhulu impela.

Kunombono wokuthi i-yakon iyisidumbu sekhulu lama-21, sibalwa cishe njengomkhiqizo onobuchule wesikhathi esizayo, futhi lokhu ngeke kubuye kukwengeza uzwela ku-yakon. Kodwa-ke, labo abanqume ukuqala ukukhula kufanele banakekele izithombo manje, ukuze izithombo zikhule ngaphambi kokuqala kukaJuni. Lokhu akunzima ukukwenza, kufanele uthole isitolo esifanele eduze nendawo ohlala kuyo. Futhi abathengisi ngokuhlinzekwa kwezithombo zezithonjana kulo nyaka, ukwahlulela ngokukhangisa ku-Intanethi, bakulungele. Ngiyazi, bangani bami, kanye nempumelelo kini!