Izimbali zihamba nathi yonke indawo. Isixha esihle sezimbali zama-daisies etafuleni lokudlela, imbali ebunjiwe enobuthi obuningi emnyango wesikole noma ehhovisi, isaphulelo esikhanyayo ekhishini, okutshala wedwa emphemeni otshaliwe enzeka epaki lokuzijabulisa. Kodwa hhayi ngemibala ekhanyayo kuphela, ukwakheka okungajwayelekile namakha amangalisayo sikhangwa izimbali. Bona, ngaphezu kobuhle, banika impilo. Cishe zonke izimbali eziqhakazayo ziyizitshalo zokwelapha. AbakwaScutellaria abavela emndenini ocacile wama-clad nawo angawezitshalo ezinjalo.
IScutellaria baicalensis (Scutellaria baicalensis). © Nick EberleNgokokuqala ngqa, iScutellaria njengesitshalo sokwelapha okukhulunywa ngaso emibhalweni yaseTibetan eminyakeni engama-2500 edlule. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, i-scutellaria yayisetshenziswa njenge-he hetatic ejenti, futhi emuva kwesikhathi baqala ukusetshenziswa kohlu olukhulu lwezifo ekhemisi kazwelonke nelisemthethweni.
Emndenini iLamiaceae (Lamiaceae), iScutellaria luhlobo oluhlukile UShlemnik (IScutellaria), izinhlobo zezinhlobo zazo i-scutellaria ejwayelekile (Scutellaria galericulata) Uhlobo olufanayo lutholakala ngaphansi kwamagama iScutellaria cockerel neCapricorn scutellaria ngenxa yesimo esiyingqayizivele sethole elingaphezulu lesimbali se-zygomorphic. NgesiLatini, iScutellaria vulgaris isho "isigqoko esenziwe ngesikhumba sesilwane", futhi kubantu, i-scutellaria utshani kuthiwa yindlovukazi kamama, insimu noma insimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iSt John, ugogo, ukhukhamba, utshani benhliziyo, umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nabanye.
Umsuka wasendulo wakhula eS Scutellaria ukuvumelana nezimo nezimo zokuphila. Ngakho-ke, i-Scutellaria ye-genus ithatha cishe wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Izinhlobo zokuhanjiswa zifaka amabanga amancane. Ngakho UShlemnik Baikalsky (okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo ezisetshenziswayo njengesitshalo sokwelapha emithini esemthethweni) zitholakala emathangeni wemvelo eCentral Asia, eTransbaikalia, eMongolia, eChina naseMpumalanga Ekude. Izitshalo zi-mesophilic futhi zikhula ezindaweni ezinomswakama omningi: eduze kwezindawo ezimanzi ezinomswakama, ezindaweni ezifufula imifula, osebeni lwamanzi ahlukahlukene, emaphethelweni amahlathi omswakama kanye nezihlahla ezishisiwe. I-Scutellaria enhle kakhulu yezimbali ivame ukutholakala ezindlini nasemotweni yasehlobo.
I-Scutellaria vulgaris, noma i-scillellaria scillellaria, noma i-cockerel scutellaria (Scutellaria galericulata). © Raino LampinenHlangana - lezi izigqoko zokuzivikela
Ama-Shlemniki ayizitshalo ezingama-perennial; izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-400 zezinto ezivamile emvelweni. Uhlelo lwezimpande lunga-rod branching. Ijula enhlabathini ifinyelela ku-50 cm. Lapho isondele ebusweni benhlabathi, kancane kancane idlulela esikhungweni sokugcina - i-rhizome enamakhanda amaningi ithe nkqo noma iyakhasa. Umbala we-rhizome ekuqhekekeni uphuzi, ingaphezulu linsundu noma nsundu.
Ingxenye yezindiza yeScutellaria iyi-herbaceous noma ngesimo sezihlahla nezihlahlana, hhayi ngaphezu kwama-60 cm ukuphakama. Iziqu ziqonde, i-tetrahedral, embozwe izinwele ezingakalutho ezilukhuni, ziluhlaza, zivame kakhulu - onsomi.
Amaqabunga amafomu amaningana, asuka ezilula ezinesisekelo senhliziyo eyindilinga kuya kukhulunywa ngamathiphu afiphaza. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu umbala wamaqabunga eScutellaria, ohlukahluka kusuka ebumnyameni kuya kokuluhlaza okhanyayo. Kwesinye isikhathi izinhlangothi ezingenhla nezingezansi zebanga leqabunga zigqokwa ngokuhlukile, ukwakheka kwalo okuceleni, indawo okuvela kuyo izinwele kusuka ezinweleni. Ubude bamaqabunga yi-2-7 cm, ukuhlelwa kuphambene. Kushiya ama -essess noma ama-petioles amafushane we-pubescent. Izimbali zeScutellaria zinamabhulokhi.
Izimbali zeScutellaria yi-zygomorphic, etholakala endaweni eyodwa kuma-axils amaqabunga apical naphakathi. Izimbali zilethwa ndawonye ngama-whorls amanga ngazimbili futhi ziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence a-cyst-ezimile. Izitshalo ziyaqhakaza kusuka ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti. Ama-corals we-corolla yemibala ehlukene - ukusuka kumhlophe, okhanyayo opinki kuya ku-lilac-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-burgundy, ebomvu-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-violet ne-bluish-violet shades. I-Corolla yezimbali i-tubular, enemilomo emibili. Izindebe ezingenhla zentyatyambo ye-zygomorphic inokuphuma okukuqala noma ukugoba, okuyingxenye yalo lonke uhlobo lohlobo. Ifana nesigqoko sasendulo, yingakho igama laba - umuntu wesigqoko. Ngokwenganekwane, iScutellaria ingamandla amakhulu kangangokuba iyaqina futhi iyeke ukopha ngisho noma isetshenziswa ngesigqoko sokuzivikela noma isembatho.
Izithelo zeScutellaria zibizwa ngokuthi yi-coenobium futhi zimelelwa ngama-nati ama-4 angular-ovoid, ambozwe ngesibabule esincane, esingenalutho noma i-pubescent ngezinwele ze-glandular. Izithelo zivuthwa kusuka ngoJulayi kuya kuSepthemba. I-coenobium evuthiwe ihluma ngamantongomane lapho kuthintwa okuncane, okunomthelela ekusakazekeni kwezitshalo.
IScutellaria Alpine "Arcobaleno" (Scutellaria alpina 'Arcobaleno'). © UJoseph Tychonievich 
IShlemnik empumalanga (iScutellaria orientalis). © mustafa ulukan 
Isigqoko sezinhliziyo ezinamahelezi (Scutellaria cordifrons). © CABCNIzinhlobo zesigqoko sokuklama ingadi
I-Shlemniki ikakhulukazi ivela eqenjini lezitshalo zokudaya. Azinamakha amnandi kakhulu, kepha abukeka emuhle njengezimbali ezihlobisa kahle futhi ezinamakhambi okuhlobisa ngama-flowerbeds, kwizaphulelo, ezihlanganeni nasezingadini zamadwala. IScutellaria iyasebenza ekutshaleni kwethipeworm kotshani obunjiwe kanye ne-monoclomb yokubumba imibala ehlukile. Zihle ngokungajwayelekile ngokuhlanganiswa neminduze, ama-poppies amakhulu e-orange, i-primrose yakusihlwa, i-elecampane, i-gypsophila nezinye izinhlobo ezinhle zezimbali eziqhakazayo.
Okwemibala yemibala eminingi futhi ngokuhlanganiswa nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo eziqhakazayo, ungazisebenzisa Skullock Alpine (Scutellaria alpina) ngezimbali ezimhlophe nezimhlophe, Izigqoko ezinhliziyo ezinobuso (IScutellaria cordifrons) ngopinki no IShlemnik empumalanga (IScutellaria orientalis) ngezimbali eziphuzi. Ukuhlobisa I-Spearman skullcap (IScutellaria hastifolia) ngezimbali eziluhlaza okotshani namaqabunga aluhlaza okomkhonto omnyama. Akujwayelekile Imikhono ekhanda (IScutellaria tuberosa) kanye I-Skeleton skullcap (Scutellaria costaricana) ezinezimbali ezibomvu ezikhanyayo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezikhanyayo ngokulandelana.
I-Spearman skullcap (Scutellaria hastifolia). © Svetlana Nesterova 
I-Skullcap tuberous (Scutellaria tuberosa). © fractalv 
ISkeleton Costarican (Scutellaria Costaricana). © mpshadow2003Izici eziwusizo zeScutellaria
Ngenhloso yokwelapha, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezimbili zisetshenziswa: I-Skullcap Baikal (Scutellaria baicalensis) kanye Scutellaria vulgaris (Scutellaria galericulata) Izici zokuphulukisa zibangelwa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali anomthelela omuhle ekwelapheni kwezifo ezingaphezu kwe-40. Izinto zokwenziwa ezisetshenziselwa ukuqoqwa kwemithi zingama-rhizomes, aqukethe amanani amakhulu alandelayo ama-macro- kanye nama-microelements: i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-iron, ithusi, i-zinc, i-manganese, i-cobalt, i-molybdenum, iodine nabanye. Ama-Rhizomes acebile ngama-saponins, ama-organic resins, ama-flavonoids (i-baikalin, i-scutellarein, i-vogonin), i-coumarins, ama-tannins.
Inhlanganisela yezithako ze-rhizome inomphumela ophakeme wokwelapha ezifweni ze-oncological (yehlisa ijubane ukukhula kwezimila, ivimbela ukwakheka kwama-metastases), i-leukemia, ukusekela kwenhliziyo, yenza umfutho wegazi, ibe nemiphumela emihle ohlelweni lwezinsimbi nolwemisipha, ilawula umsebenzi wesibindi kanye ne-gallder, ibe nomphumela oqinile wangaphandle we-gynecatic kanye ne-gynder yangaphandle. ukuphuma kwamanxeba, ukulwa nokuvuvukala nezinye izifo. Ekhaya, i-scutellaria ingasetjenziswa isikhathi eside njengetiye le-herbal, elinothile ngezinto zomkhondo namavithamini.
IShlemnik ibhekiselwa kwizitshalo nezitshalo ezingahlanganisi nezinto ezinobuthi. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthatha ama-decoctions ekhaya kanye nama-tinctures, qiniseka ukubonana nodokotela.
Kumakhemisi ungathenga izimpande ezomile ezifakiwe nge-rhizome, ukukhishwa okuomile, ama-tinctures otshwala. IShlemnik iyingxenye yamalungiselelo amaningi amakhambi namalungiselelo.
IScutellaria baicalensis (Scutellaria baicalensis). © HEN-MagonzaScutellaria ekhula
IScutellaria baicalensis kanye neScutellaria vulgaris zingafakwa e-dacha kwikhabethe lakho lezemithi yemifino, imibhede yokupholisa noma ungasebenzisa lezi nezinye izinhlobo ekuhlobiseni indawo.
Lapho kukhula i-scutellaria yokuqoqa izinto zokwelapha zokwelapha, kungcono ukubeka izitshalo ezindaweni ezivulekile elangeni, kodwa ngaphandle kwelanga elishayo. IPenumbra empeleni ayithinti ukukhula kwezitshalo, kepha ibangela ukuqunywa kwezimbali, okunciphisa ukuhlobisa kwezitshalo.
AbakwaShlemniki abaqondisi enhlabathini futhi bahambe. Ziqinile ubusika, zibekezelela isomiso. Azinamphumela ocindezelayo lapho zikhule kanye nezinye izimbali eziqhakazayo. Lapho zikhula, zithanda ukungathathi hlangothi, inhlabathi elula, enokuphefumula, kanye nezinto eziningi eziphilayo.
Ukulungiselela inhlabathi nokutshala
Ngesikhathi sokulungiselela ekwindla kwenhlabathi yokumbela umbhede wezimbali noma umbhede ophulukisayo, udinga ukwenza ingilazi kafulawa we-dolomite noma ulamula oshelelayo, ibhakede eli-0.5-1.0 le-humus (on nenhlabathi esindayo) kanye ne-30-40 g / m² yendawo ye-nitrofoska / nitroammofoski.
IScutellaria ingahlwanyelwa noma itshalwe kanye nezinye izitshalo, lapho iqhwa lidlula futhi inhlabathi ifudumala kuze kufike ku-10 ... + 12 * С. Ngokwesilinganiso, lokhu kutholakala ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, ngokuya ngezimo zezulu zesifunda.
Ukunisela nokondla iScutellaria
Izitshalo ziniselwa emva kokuhluma, lapho inhlabathi ephezulu yokuqothuka yomile, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuthambisa kwenziwa kuphela esimweni sezulu esomile.
Ngenkathi yokukhula, izigqoko zokuvikela izigqoko zondliwa kabili lapho zikhule kuzimonyo ezingavuthiwe zokwelapha. Ukugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu kwenziwa ngomanyolo we-nitrogen 25-45 g / sq. m noma isixazululo esisebenzayo sanoma iyiphi into ye-organic kanye nesesibili - lapho sikhula ngomanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium, ngokulandelana, i-30 g ye-superphosphate no-20 g kasawoti we-potassium ngemitha yesikwele. m. Lapho ukhule embhedeni wezimbali, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa ngasikhathi sinye nezinye izitshalo, kepha akugcotshwa yi-nitrogen. Ngobuningi be-nitrogen, iScutellaria kanye nezinye izitshalo eziqhakaza izimbali zikhulisa izakhi ezonakalisayo zokulimaza izimbali.
IScutellaria baicalensis (Scutellaria baicalensis). © Kor! AnUkuzala kabusha kwe-Scutellaria
Ama-Scutellariae asatshalaliswa kahle ngembewu. Ama-helmet aqhakaza unyaka wesibili. Njengesiko lokuhlobisa, ukuze kulondolozwe izimfanelo zomama, i-scutellaria isatshalaliswa ngokuhlukanisa ama-rhizomes onyakeni wesi-3. Lapho ukusakazwa okukhanyayo okuvela ezingxenyeni ze-rhizome, qiniseka ukuthi unezinso ezi-1-2 zokuvuselela engxenyeni ngayinye. Njengoba unikezwe ukuthi impande yesigqoko inezimpande zayo, azithathi izimpande kahle lapho zithutha izithombo. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zemibhede yezimbali, ama-scutellaria asakaza ngezithombo. Lapho isakazwa izithombo, izithombo zingena ngqo emhlabathini noma ezimbizeni ze-peat-humus, bese zitshalwa emhlabathini ngamabhodwe, zineminyaka engama-2 - 4 amaqabunga. Izitshalo ezitshalwe ngemuva kwesikhathi ziyafa. Ukutshala nokunakekela izithombo kuyafana nezinye izitshalo.
Ebusika ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, isisindo esingaphezulu komhlaba asinqunywa. Ngokwesimo sabo semvelo, izitshalo zeScutellaria zenza ngcono ukucwazimula. Izihlahla zabo zenziwa entwasahlobo. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu ekwindla, iziqu zinqunywa ezingeni le-10 cm cm hemp.
Ukuhlanza izinto zokwelapha zokwelapha
Lapho kukhula iScutellaria embhedeni wezokwelapha, ukuvuna izinto zokusetshenziswa okwenziwe ngemithi kwenziwa ngonyaka we-3 - 4. Qiniseka ukuthi ushiya ingxenye yezitshalo ukuze zikhiqizwe kabusha futhi ukuqoqwa okulandelayo kwenziwa ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-5.
IScutellaria vulgaris (Scutellaria galericulata). © Paula ReedykIyacubungula kanye nokuyigcina
Ama-rhizomes asimbiwe kahle anezimpande ahlanzwa inhlabathi, anqunywe engxenyeni ye-a emoyeni. I-rhizome ngokwayo ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezihlukanisayo ezingama-5-7 cm futhi ngokushesha ibekwe endaweni eyomile. Omiswe kuhhavini ekushiseni kuka + 40 ... + 60 ° С. Lapho ukomiswa kuqashwa ukuze izinto ezingavuthiwe zingabunji. Isendlalelo eselaphekiwe esisusiwe sisuswa ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ezomisiwe bese sifakwa emasakeni wezindwangu zemvelo noma esitsheni sokhuni ("esiphefumulayo"). Impilo ye-Shelf yezinto zokwenziwa eluhlaza iminyaka emi-3.
Ekhaya, ungasebenzisa i-tincture yotshwala, ama-decoctions ama-rhizomes. Qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nodokotela ngaphambi kokusebenzisa.
